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Metformin treatment of high-fat diet-fed obese male mice restores sperm function and fetal growth,without requiring weight loss

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 560-568页

作者： Nicole O McPherson michelle Lane Robinson Research Institute School of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Repromed Dulwich 5065Australia Monash IVF Group Melbourne 3000Australia.

Male obesity is associated with subfertility and increased disease risk of *** is unknown if effects can be reversed through pharmacological ***-to 6-week-old C57BL6 male mice were fed control diet(n=10,CD)or high-fat diet(n=20,HFD)for 16 *** fed with a HFD were then allocated to continuation of HFD(n=8)or HFD with metformin 28 mg kg1 day-1(n=8)for 6 *** fed with CD continued on a CD(n=9).Males were mated with fertile C57BL6 females for the assessment of pregnancy and fetal *** motility,spermatozoa and testicular morphology,sperm-zona pellucida binding,sperm reactive oxygen species(ROS)(intracellular[DCFDA],superoxide[MSR],and oxidative DNA lesions[8OHdG]),and mitochondrial membrane potential(JC1)were *** treatment of HFD males improved glucose toleranee(+12%,P<0.05)and reduced Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR;-36%,P<0.05).This occurred in the absenee of a change in body weight or *** treatment of HFD-fed males restored testicular morphology(+33%,P<0.05),sperm motility(+66%,P<0.05),sperm-zona pellucida binding(+25%,P<0.05),sperm intracellular ROS concentrations(-32%,P<0.05),and oxidative DNA lesions(-45%,P<0.05)to the levels of the CD *** treatment of HFD fathers increased fetal weights and lengths compared with those born to HFD fathers(+8%,P<0.05),with fetal lengths restored to those of fetuses of CD ***-term metformin treatment in men who are obese could be a potential intervention for the treatment of subfertility,without the need for a reduction in body weight/adiposity.

关键词： fertility glucose metabolic syndrome overweight subfertility

Explainable Rules and Heuristics in AI Algorithm Recommendation Approaches——A Systematic Literature Review and Mapping Study

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1023-1051页

作者： Francisco Joségarcía-Penlvo Andrea Vázquez-Ingelmo Alicia garcía-Holgado GRIAL Research Group Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of SalamancaSalamanca37008Spain

The exponential use of artificial intelligence(AI)to solve and automated complex tasks has catapulted its popularity generating some challenges that need to be *** AI is a powerfulmeans to discover interesting patterns and obtain predictive models,the use of these algorithms comes with a great responsibility,as an incomplete or unbalanced set of training data or an unproper interpretation of the models’outcomes could result in misleading conclusions that ultimately could become very *** these reasons,it is important to rely on expert knowledge when applying these ***,not every user can count on this specific expertise;non-AIexpert users could also benefit from applying these powerful algorithms to their domain problems,but they need basic guidelines to obtain themost out of AI *** goal of this work is to present a systematic review of the literature to analyze studies whose outcomes are explainable rules and heuristics to select suitable AI algorithms given a set of input *** systematic review follows the methodology proposed by Kitchenham and other authors in the field of software *** a result,9 papers that tackle AI algorithmrecommendation through tangible and traceable rules and heuristics were *** reduced number of retrieved papers suggests a lack of reporting explicit rules and heuristics when testing the suitability and performance of AI algorithms.

关键词： SLR systematic literature review artificial intelligence machine learning algorithm recommendation heuristics explainability

A thick-disk galaxy model and simulations of equal-mass galaxy pair collisions

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第11期20卷 333-353页

作者： Guillermo Arreaga-garcıa Departamento de Investigacion en Fsica Universidad de Sonora.Apdo.Postal 14740C.P.83000HermosilloSonoraMexico

We implement a numerical model reported in the literature to simulate the evolution of a galaxy composed of four matter components,such as:a dark-matter halo;a rotating disk of stars;a spherical bulge of stars and a ring of molecular *** show that the evolution of this galaxy model is stable at least for 10 Gyr(Gyr=109 years).We characterize the resulting configuration of this galaxy model by figures of the circular velocity and angular momentum distribution;the tangential and radial components of the velocity;the peak density evolution and the radial density ***,we calculate several models of equal-mass galaxy binary collisions,such as:(i)frontal and(ii)oblique(with an impact parameter),(iii)two models with initial conditions taken from a 2-body orbit and(iv)a very close *** allow comparison with the galaxy model,we characterize the dynamics of the collision models in an analogous ***,we determine the de Vaucouleurs fitting curves of the radial density profile,on a radial scale of 0–100 kpc,for all the collision models irrespective of the pre-collision *** study the radial mass density and radial surface density profiles at a smaller radial scale,0–20 kpc,we use a four-parameter fitting curve.

关键词： galaxies kinematics and dynamics galaxies interaction methods numerical

Impacts of fire severity and cattle grazing on early plant dynamics in old-growth Araucaria-Nothofagus forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 298-311页

作者： Paola arroyo-Vargas Andres Fuentes-Ramírez Bart Muys Aníbal Pauchard Laboratorio de Biometría Departamento de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de La FronteraCasilla 54-DTemucoChile Programa de Magíster en Manejo de Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y ForestalesUniversidad de La FronteraCasilla 54-DTemucoChile Butamallin Research Center for Global Change Universidad de La FronteraTemucoChile Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad(IEB) SantiagoChile Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200EBox 24113001 LeuvenBelgium Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas(LIB) Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepciónChile.

Background: Fire has historically shaped the dynamics of Araucaria araucana-Nothofagus pumilio forests in the Andean region of South America. Nevertheless, human disturbances and stronger drought events have resulted in increased occurrence and severity of wildfires. Regardless of their conservation relevance, the initial response to fire of Araucaria-Nothofagus forests has not been well documented. Through this research we tested the hypothesis that plant composition of Araucaria-Nothofagus forest after fire will initially differ in its recovery depending on fire severity, but over time, plant similarity will increase among areas with different levels of fire severity. The study was carried out in old-growth Araucaria-Nothofagus forests in south-central Chile(38°S) that were burned in 2015. We studied vegetation response to three levels of fire severity(low(LS), moderate(MS) and high(HS) severity), also including an adjacent unburned forest(UN), which were assessed one, two and three years after fire. We also evaluated the impact of cattle on plant recovery after fire. We measured species richness, abundance, plant diversity and origin of all vascular plant ***: Species richness and plant abundance responded differently to fire severity. Time-since-fire had a significant effect on plant richness and abundance. Plant composition within LS areas was similar to UN areas, but MS and HS areas were significantly less diverse compared to UN and LS. In absence of other major disturbances, similarity in plant composition tended to increase over time across the different levels of fire severity, becoming more similar to UN. We also found a synergetic effect of cattle and fire on species richness. This interaction promotes the establishment of nonnative species and limits the recovery of native species following ***: Fire severity had a significant impact on the plant community of old-growth Araucaria-Nothofagus forests,especially in areas of high fir

关键词： Fire severity gradient Wildfire Post-fire plant recovery Cattle exclusion Synergistic effects of disturbances Araucaria araucana Nothofagus pumilio

Using Cartesian Slice Plots of a Cosmological Simulation as Input of a Convolutional Neural Network

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第11期24卷 225-242页

作者： Guillermo Arreaga-garcía Departamento de Investigación en Física Universidad de Sonora.Apdo.Postal 14740C.P.83000HermosilloSonoraMexico

Using a uniform partitioning of cubic cells,we cover the total volume of aΛCDM cosmological simulation based on *** define a visualization cell as a spatial extension of the cubic cell,so that we collect all simulation particles contained in this visualization cell to create a series of Cartesian plots in which the overdensity of matter is clearly *** then use these plots as input to a convolutional neural network(CNN)based on the Keras library and TensorFlow for image *** assign a class to each plot,we approximate the Hessian of the gravitational potential in the center of the cubic *** selected cubic cell is then assigned a label of 1,2 or 3,depending on the number of positive eigenvalues obtained for the Householder reduction of the Hessian *** apply the CNN to several models,including two models with different visualization volumes,one with a cell size of type L(large)and the other with a cell type S(small).A third model combines the plots of the previous L and S cell *** far,we have mainly considered a slice parallel to the XY plane to make the *** last model is considered based on visualizations of cells that also include slices parallel to the ZX and ZY *** find that the accuracy in classification plots is acceptable,and the ability of the models to predict the class works *** results allow us to demonstrate the aim of this paper,namely that the usual Cartesian plots contain enough information to identify the observed structures of the cosmic web.

关键词： methods numerical cosmology theory (cosmology:)large scale structure of universe

Automotive Lighting Systems Based on Luminance/Intensity Grids: A Proposal Based on Real-Time Monitoring and Control for Safer Driving

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2373-2383页

作者： Antonio Peña-garcía Huchang Liao Department of Civil Engineering&Research Group“Lighting Technology for Safety and Sustainability” University of GranadaGranada18071Spain Business School Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064China

The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road ***,important factors such as pavement reflectance,driver age,or time of night,are largely *** factors such as presence of other vehicles,vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam(ADB)and Adaptive Front-lighting System(AFS)respectively,though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road ***,it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by the lamps than the light reflected by the pavement or emitted by other *** the current technology in cameras and light sensors,communication protocols,and control of Light Emitting Diodes(LED),combined with decision-making techniques applied to large amounts of data,can open a new era in the operation of headlamps and thus ensure the visual needs of drivers in real time and under actual road *** solution lies in an interaction road-sensor-headlamp,which is not based on the light emitted by headlamps,but rather on the light perceived by the *** study thus proposes a dual grid based on luminance and luminous intensity,which would manage the headlamps by optimizing driver perception and the safety of all road users.

关键词： Vehicle systems optical sensing LED control automotive lighting

Self-assembling protein nanocarrier for selective delivery of cytotoxic polypeptides to CXCR4^(+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumors

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第5期12卷 2578-2591页

作者： Elisa Rioja-Blanco Irene arroyo-Solera Patriciaálamo Isolda Casanova Alberto Gallardo Ugutz Unzueta Naroa Serna Laura Sánchez-garcía Miquel Quer Antonio Villaverde Esther Vázquez Ramon Mangues Lorena Alba-Castellón Xavier León Institut d'InvestigacióBiomèdica Sant Pau(IIB-Sant Pau) Barcelona 08041Spain Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras Barcelona 08025Spain CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina(CIBER-BBN)Madrid 28029Spain Department of Pathology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelona 08041Spain Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193Spain Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193Spain Department of Otorhinolaryngology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelona 08041Spain

Loco-regional recurrences and distant metastases represent the main cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) mortality. The overexpression of chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) in HNSCC primary tumors associates with higher risk of developing loco-regional recurrences and distant metastases, thus making CXCR4 an ideal entry pathway for targeted drug delivery. In this context, our group has generated the self-assembling protein nanocarrier T22-GFP-H6, displaying multiple T22 peptidic ligands that specifically target CXCR4. This study aimed to validate T22-GFP-H6 as a suitable nanocarrier to selectively deliver cytotoxic agents to CXCR4^(+)tumors in a HNSCC model. Here we demonstrate that T22-GFP-H6 selectively internalizes in CXCR4^(+)HNSCC cells, achieving a high accumulation in CXCR4^(+)tumors in vivo, while showing negligible nanocarrier distribution in non-tumor bearing organs. Moreover, this T22-empowered nanocarrier can incorporate bacterial toxin domains to generate therapeutic nanotoxins that induce cell death in CXCR4-overexpressing tumors in the absence of histological alterations in normal organs. Altogether, these results show the potential use of this T22-empowered nanocarrier platform to incorporate polypeptidic domains of choice to selectively eliminate CXCR4^(+)cells in HNSCC. Remarkably, to our knowledge, this is the first study testing targeted proteinonly nanoparticles in this cancer type, which may represent a novel treatment approach for HNSCC patients.

关键词： Targeted drug delivery Protein nanoparticles CXCR4 receptor HNSCC Cell targeting Recombinant proteins Nanotoxins Cancer therapy

Arsenic and chromium resistance mechanisms in the Micrococcus luteus group

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Pedosphere 2023年第4期33卷 600-611页

作者： Ivan arroyo-HERRERA Brenda ROMÁN-PONCE Rafael BUSTAMANTE-BRITO Joseph GUEVARA-LUNA Erika Yanet TAPIA-garcÍA Violeta LARIOS-SERRATO Nannan ZHANG Paulina ESTRADA-DE LOS SANTOS En Tao WANG María Soledad VÁSQUEZ-MURRIETA Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México 11340(Mexico) Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos Jiutepec 62550(Mexico) Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Universidad Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavaca 62210(Mexico) CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilisation&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041(China)

High arsenic(As)and chromium(Cr)concentrations are currently receiving attention because of their negative effects on the environment and human *** inhabiting contaminated environments have developed resistance mechanisms against the toxicity of these ***,members of the bacterial genus Micrococcus have been isolated from different toxic metal-contaminated environments;however,knowledge concerning its resistance mechanisms to As and Cr toxicity remains *** luteus strains(An24,Mh,NE2TL6,and NE2TTS4)were isolated from the endosphere and soil of two heavy metal-contaminated sites in Mexico to identify differences in the resistance mechanisms by the *** *** strains were resistant to As(As^(3+)and As^(5+)),chromate,dichromate,cobalt,copper,nickel,and *** analysis indicated that the heavy metal-resistant strains(An24,Mh,NE2TL6,and NE2TTS4)could be assigned to the *** group and had more heavy metal-resistant genes(transporters,chaperones,and enzymes)compared to reference strains of the *** group,*** NCTC 2665^(T)and Micrococcus endophyticus JCM 16951^(T).The resistant bacteria were able to biotransform As^(3+)and As^(5+)through a carbon source-dependent *** biotransformation of As5+was potentially carried out in the cytoplasm through a thioredoxin-dependent pathway,which may be coupled with biosorption.A qualitative analysis of organic acids(OAs)identified a change in the OA profile of the metal-resistant strains that was As-or *** genomic and phenotypic findings suggest that the four *** group strains evaluated in the current study have developed resistance mechanisms that may enable their survival in contaminated sites.

关键词： arsenophore biosorption genome analysis heavy metal-resistant strain immobilization organic acid pollutant

Myelin histology:a key tool in nervous system research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 277-281页

作者： Óscar Darío garcía-garcía Víctor Carriel Jesús Chato-Astrain Department of Histology Tissue Engineering GroupUniversity of Granada&Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain

The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve *** to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental ***,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience *** this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining *** the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.

关键词： fluorescence microscopy histology light microscopy lipid histochemistry metallographic techniques myelin histochemistry myelin immunohistochemistry myelin structure&composition myelin ultrastructural evaluation tissue fixation&processing