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Pedigree analysis of 220 almond genotypes reveals two world mainstream breeding lines based on only three different cultivars

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 72-82页

作者： Felipe Perez de los Cobos Pedro J.Martinez-Garcia Agusti Romero Xavier Miarnau Iban Eduardo Werner Howad Mourad Mnejja Federico Dicenta Rafel Socias i Company Maria J.Rubio-Cabetas Thomas M.Gradziel michelle wirthensohn Henri Duval Doron Holland Pere Arus Francisco J.Vargas Ignasi Batlle Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA) Mas BoveCtra.Reus-El Morell Km 3843120 ConstantiTarragonaSpain Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA) Centre de Recerca en Agrigenomica(CRAG)CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB.Cerdanyola del Valles(Bellaterra)08193 BarcelonaSpain Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CEBAS-CSIC)P.O.Box 16430100 EspinardoMurciaSpain Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA) FruitcentrePCiTALGardeny ParkFruitcentre Building25003 LleidaSpain Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon(CITA) Avda.Montanana 93050059ZaragozaInstituto Agroalimentario de Aragon IA2(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza)ZaragozaSpain University of California 1 Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA University of Adelaide Waite ResearchSchool of AgricultureFood and WinePMB 1Glen OsmondAdelaideSA 5064Australia Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique(INRA) Domain St.Maurice CS 6009484143 Montfavet CedexFrance Agricultural Research Organization Newe-Ya’ar Research CenterP.O.Box 1021Ramat Yishad 30095Israel

Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes.However,in almond,little is known about the genetic variability in current breeding stocks,although several cases of inbreeding depression have been reported.To gain insights into the genetic structure in modern breeding programs worldwide,marker-verified pedigree data of 220 almond cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed.Inbreeding coefficients,pairwise relatedness,and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes.The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars:“Tuono”,“Cristomorto”,and“Nonpareil”.Descendants from“Tuono”or“Cristomorto”number 76(sharing 34 descendants),while“Nonpareil”has 71 descendants.The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.041,with 14 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient,over 0.250.Breeding programs from France,the USA,and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.075,0.070,and 0.037,respectively.According to their genetic contribution,modern cultivars from Israel,France,the USA,Spain,and Australia trace back to a maximum of six main founding genotypes.Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the S f allele for self-compatibility,the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.125,with“Tuono”as the main founding genotype(24.7%of total genetic contribution).The results broaden our understanding about the tendencies followed in almond breeding over the last 50 years and will have a large impact into breeding decision-making process worldwide.Increasing current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress.

关键词： breeding cultivar founding

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Effects of commercially produced almond by-products on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rats

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2017年第4期8卷 176-187页

作者： Alexandra L Whittaker Ying Zhu Gordon S Howarth Chi S Loung Susan E P Bastian michelle G wirthensohn School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences the University of AdelaideRoseworthy Campus School of Agriculture Food and Winethe University of Adelaide Department of Gastroenterology Women’s and Children’s HospitalNorth Adelaide

AIM To determine if almond extracts reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced mucositis as determined through biochemical,histological and behavioural markers.METHODS Intestinal mucositis is a debilitating condition characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Certain bioactive plant products have shown promise in accelerating mucosal repair and alleviating clinical symptoms.This study evaluated almond extracts for their potential to reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in Dark Agouti rats.Female Dark Agouti rats were gavaged(days 3-11) with either PBS,almond hull or almond blanched water extract at two doses,and were injected intraperitoneally with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU-150 mg/kg) or saline on day 9 to induce mucositis.Burrowing behavior,histological parameters and myeloperoxidase activity were assessed.RESULTS Bodyweight was significantly reduced in rats that received 5-FU compared to saline-treated controls(P < 0.05).Rats administered 5-FU significantly increased jejunal and ileal MPO levels(1048%; P < 0.001 and 409%; P < 0.001),compared to healthy controls.Almond hull extract caused a pro-inflammatory response in rats with mucositis as evidenced by increased myeloperoxidase activity in the jejunum when compared to 5-FU alone(rise 50%,1088 ± 96 U/g vs 723 ± 135 U/g,P = 0.02).Other extractrelated effects on inflammatory activity were minimal.5-FU significantly increased histological severity score compared to healthy controls confirming the presence of mucositis(median of 9.75 vs 0; P < 0.001).The extracts had no ameliorating effect on histological severity score in the jejunum or ileum.Burrowing behavior was significantly reduced in all chemotherapy-treated groups(P = 0.001).The extracts failed to normalize burrowing activity to baseline levels.CONCLUSION Almond extracts at these dosages offer little beneficial effect on mucositis severity.Burrowing provides a novel measure of affective state in studies of ch

关键词： Cancer Mucositis Burrowing 5-Fluorouracil Almond

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用RT-PCR技术检测澳大利亚杏仁树李坏死环斑病毒

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内蒙古师范大学学报（自然科学汉文版） 2005年第2期34卷 197-199页

作者：马万里 G.T.Mekuria M.wirthensohn G.Collins 内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院生物多样性保护研究中心内蒙古呼和浩特010022 Department of Horticulture Viticulture and OenologyAdelaide UniversitySA 5064Australia

用RT-PCR技术检测澳大利亚杏仁树李坏死坏斑病毒,对92个待测样品的病毒RNA进行扩增和检测,其中有79个呈阳性,表明检验样品的染病率较高.RT-PCR技术检测病毒的方法灵敏、准确,是检测苗木是否感染病毒的有效方法之一.

关键词： RT-PCR 技术检测澳大利亚李坏死环斑病毒杏仁检验样品有效方法 RNA

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