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Noninvasive alternatives for DNA collection from threatened rodents

Natural Science 2013年第5期5卷 18-26页

作者： michelle l. Green Tih-Fen Ting Mary Beth Manjerovic Nohra Mateus-Pinilla Department of Environmental Studies University of Illinois Springfield Springfield USA Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign USA Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign USA Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana USA

Many rodent species are currently under conservation threat. However, population monitoring and status assessment are extremely challenging because of small body size, low abundance and elusive behavior of rodents. Furthermore, invasive methods of capture and tissue collection commonly used to address such studies can induce an unacceptable amount of stress to sensitive species. As a result, noninvasive techniques have become more widely used, but relatively few studies have applied noninvasive techniques to rodents. Here we present two noninvasive alternatives for the collection of DNA from Franklin’s ground squirrels (Poliocitellus franklinii). We compared the quantity, purity and degradation of DNA extracted from plucked hair and fecal pellets to tail snip tissues. We recovered more DNA from tail snips than either plucked hair or fecal pellets. Both hair and fecal pellets recovered DNA with purity ratios similar to tail snips. As expected, DNA recovered from fecal pellets exhibited a high degree of degradation compared to hair and tail tissues. Careful planning of field and laboratory protocols is therefore necessary to compensate for challenges associated with noninvasive tissue types. While there is no tissue that can universally be applied to all research projects, both hair and feces are viable alternatives to traditional invasive procedures and can be applied to threatened and endangered rodent species.

关键词： Noninvasive Hair Fecal Rodent Threatened

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Digital imaging approaches for phenotyping whole plant nitrogen and phosphorus response in Brachypodium distachyon

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第8期56卷 781-796页

作者： Richard Poiré Vincent Chochois Xavier R.R.Sirault John P.Vogel michelle Watt Robert T.Furbank CSIRO Plant Industry High Resolution Plant Phenomics Centre CSIRO Plant Industry USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center

This work evaluates the phenotypic response of the model grass （Brachypodium distacbyon （l.） P. Beauv.） to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition using a combination of imaging techniques and destructive harvest of shoots and roots. Reference line Bd21-3 was grown in pots using 11 phosphorus and 11 nitrogen concentrations to establish a dose-response curve. Shoot biovolume and biomass, root length and biomass, and tissue phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations increased with nutrient concentration. Shoot biovolume, estimated by imaging, was highly correlated with dry weight （R2 〉 0.92） and both biovolume and growth rate responded strongly to nutrient availability. Higher nutrient supply increased nodal root length more than other root types. Photochemical efficiency was strongly reduced by low phosphorus concentrations as early as 1 week after germination, suggesting that this measurement may be suitable for high throughput screening of phosphorus response. In contrast, nitrogen concentration had little effect on photochemical efficiency. Changes in biovolume over time were used to compare growth rates of four accessions in response tonitrogen and phosphorus supply. We demonstrate that a time series image-based approach coupled with mathematical modeling provides higher resolution of genotypic response to nutrient supply than traditional destructive techniques and shows promise for high throughput screening and determina- tion of genomic regions associated with superior nutrient use efficiency.

关键词： Nutrients uptake phenomics photosynthesis root shootCitation: Poire R, Chochois V, Sirault XRR, Vogel JP, Watt M, Furbank RT(2o14) Digital imaging approaches for phenotyping whole plantnitrogen and phosphorus response in Brachypodium distachyon.

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High mechanical strengths and ductility of stainless steel 304l fabricated using selective laser melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第2期35卷 388-394页

作者： Q.B.Nguyen Z.Zhu F.l.Ng B.W.Chua S.M.l.Nai J.Wei Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University

Achieving not only high mechanical strengths but also high ductility is recently established using an additive manufacturing technique called selective laser melting. In the present study, stainless steel 304 l fully dense samples were successfully printed using the 3 D systems – ProX 300 printing machine. The ductility and tensile yield strength were almost two and three times higher compared to those of ASTM cast's alloy. Honey comb like nano-cellular structure with different orientation was observed in the fine grains(~4μm) due to fast cooling rate. In addition, the formation of martensite phase in random grains is also a contributor to the strengths. Furthermore, negative residual stresses in the build and horizontal directions were detected and assisted further increase in the tensile strength. Fractography revealed the ductile feature of plastic deformation and the crack openings at unmelted particles or pores.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Stainless steel Powder Selective laser melting

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Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury:from pathology to therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily Firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian Mustroph David Gimbel Jonathan Grossberg Daniel l.Barrow Matthew F.Gary Ali M.Alawieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation,there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation,a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins,triggers of complement activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular *** effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.

关键词： complement neuroinflammation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

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The Role of ADME in Drug Safety Evaluation

The Role of ADME in Drug Safety Evaluation

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药物非临床安全性研究学术研讨会

作者： michelle M He lisa A.Shipley Carl l.McMillian Ph.D.Research Advisor Drug Disposition Lilly Research LaboratorieDivision of Eli Lilly and Comp Ph.D.Vice President Drug Disposition Lilly Research LaboratorieDivision of Eli Lilly and Comp Ph.D.Director Pathology and Investigative Toxicology Lilly Research LaboratorieDivision of Eli Lilly and Comp

Role of ADME in Safety Assessment ·Delineates the Absorption,Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of drug candidates in animals and humans ·Determines exposure in Toxicology Studies to establish Margins of Safety

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Effect of Zn binding to phytate and humic substances on its uptake by wheat(Triticum durum l.)as affected by carbonates and Fe oxides

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 823-832页

作者： Ana M.GARCÍA-lÓPEZ Ramiro RECENA Antonio DElGADO Department of Agronomy ETSIAUniversity of SevilleSeville 41013(Spain)

Although complexation with soil organic matter may improve zinc(Zn)bioavailability to plants,the effect of Zn sorbent surface on the use of complexed Zn by plants remains *** objective of this research was to elucidate how Zn complexation with humic substances(HS)and phytate affects the uptake of Zn by wheat plants depending on the main sorbent surface in growth media,i.e.,carbonates and Fe *** this end,two pot experiments were performed,one using Fe oxide-coated siliceous as the siliceous growth medium sand and the other using a mixture of calcareous sand and siliceous sand as the calcareous growth *** experiment involved three Zn sources,Zn-HS complex,Zn phytate,and ZnSO_(4).All sources were applied with surface irrigation at two Zn rates(0.25 and 2 mg kg^(-1) growth medium).The Zn-HS complex significantly increased Zn uptake by plants in both media,relative to the other two Zn sources,but no significant difference was observed between Zn phytate and ZnSO_(4).In the calcareous medium,Zn-HS complex and Zn phytate resulted in significantly higher dry biomass yields of wheat than ZnSO_(4).In the siliceous medium,spike and shoot dry biomass yields with Zn-HS complex at the low rate and Zn phytate at both rates were not significantly different from those with ZnSO_(4) at the high *** harvest,approximately 50%of the Zn applied as Zn-HS complex remained extractable by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA),while this proportion was less than 20%for the other Zn ***,Zn-HS complex and Zn phytate are sources of available Zn for plants,and they are more effective than ZnSO_(4) in increasing plant growth,particularly when carbonates are the main Zn sorbent surface.

关键词： calcareous growth medium micronutrient organic matter organic phosphorus Zn availability Zn deficiency Zn sorbent surface Zn source

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今日以色列

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作者： l.·迈耶(l. meyer)

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Towards predicting biochar impacts on plant-available soil nitrogen content

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1040-1054页

作者： Claire l.Phillips Kylie M.meyer Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo Clara S.Weidman Catherine E.Stewart Thomas Wanzek Michael A.Grusak Donald W.Watts Jeff Novak Kristin M.Trippe USDA-ARS National laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesIAUSA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit CorvallisORUSA Department of Environmental Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA USDA-ARS Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit Ft.CollinsCOUSA USDA-ARS Edward T.Schafer Agricultural Research Center FargoNDUSA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterFlorenceSCUSA

Biochars can improve soil health but have been widely shown to reduce plant-available nitrogen(N)owing to their high carbon(C)content,which stimulates microbial ***,because biochars contain large amounts of C that are not microbially available,their total elemental C:N ratio does not correspond well with impacts on soil *** hypothesized that impacts on soil plant-available N would relate to biochar mineralizable-C(C_(min))content,and that C:N ratios of the mineralizable biochar component could provide a means for predicting conditions of net soil N-mineralization *** conducted two laboratory experiments,the first measuring biochar C_(min)from respiration of isotopically labeled barley biochars manufactured at 300,500,and 750℃,and the second characterizing C_(min)by proxy measurements for ten biochars from six feedstocks at several *** both experiments,soils were incubated with 2%biochar by mass to determine impacts to soil *** to expectation,all the biochars increased soil N-mineralization relative to unamended *** unexpected,higher temperature(500 and 700℃)barley biochars with less C_(min)stimulated more soil decomposition and more soil N-mineralization than a 350℃barley ***,across diverse biochar feedstocks and production methods,none of the biochar characteristics correlated with soil *** finding of improved soil N-mineralization adds complexity to the range of soil N responses that can be expected in response to biochar *** of the limited ability to predict soil N responses from biochar properties,users should monitor soil N to manage soil fertility.

关键词： C:N ratio Plant-available nitrogen Priming Respiration ^(13)C

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Ascorbic acid and low-volume polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2013年第1期1卷 10-15页

作者： Jonathan D Godfrey Robert E Clark Abhishek Choudhary Imran Ashraf michelle l Matteson Srinivas R Puli Matthew l Bechtold Division of Gastroenterology University of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 United States OSF MG Gastroenterology University of Illinois Peoria IL 61604 United States

AIM: To evaluate the benefits of low-volume polyethylene glycol(PEG) with ascorbic acid compared to fulldose PEG for colonoscopy preparation. METHODS: MEDlINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHl, Pub Med, and recent abstracts from major conferences were searched(January 2012). Only randomized-controlled trials on adult subjects comparing lowvolume PEG(2 l) with ascorbic acid vs full-dose PEG(3 or 4 l) were included. Meta-analysis for the efficacy of low-volume PEG with ascorbic acid and full-dose PEG were analyzed by calculating pooled estimates of number of satisfactory bowel preparations as well as adverse patient events(abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting). Separate analyses were performed for each main outcome by using OR with fixed and random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed by calculating the I2 measure of inconsistency. Rev Man 5.1 was utilized for statistical ***: The initial search identified 242 articles and trials. Nine studies(n = 2911) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for this meta-analysis with mean age range from 53.0 to 59.6 years. All studies were randomized controlled trials on adult patients comparing large-volume PEG solutions(3 or 4 l) with low-volume PEG solutions and ascorbic acid. No statistically significant difference was noted between lowvolume PEG with ascorbic acid and full-dose PEG for number of satisfactory bowel preparations(OR 1.07, 95%CI: 0.86-1.33, P = 0.56). No statistically significant difference was noted between low-volume PEG with ascorbic acid and full-dose PEG for abdominal pain(OR 1.09, 95%CI: 0.81-1.48, P = 0.56), nausea(OR 0.70, 95%CI: 0.49-1.00, P = 0.05), or vomiting(OR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.78-1.26, P = 0.95). No publication bias was ***: low-volume PEG with the addition of ascorbic acid demonstrates no statistically significant difference to full-dose PEG for satisfactory bowel preparation and side-effects.

关键词： Polyethylene glycol Ascorbic acid Colonoscopy Meta-analysis Bowel preparation

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Predict sandstone distribution by integrated study of deformed shale using borehole image and seismic data,a case study from northern Gulf of Mexico

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Petroleum Research 2020年第2期5卷 103-111页

作者： W.W.Xu B.Winkelman T.Wilkinson A.Kumar l.Chen R.Hayden J.Gendur R.Hearn D.Shan J.meyer J.A.Canas O.Mullins Schlumberger(retired) HoustonUSA Talos Energy llC(retired) HoustonUSA Schlumberger HoustonUSA Kosmos Energy HoustonUSA

Many Upper Tertiary reservoirs from the Gulf of Mexico(GoM)are sandstones deposited either in channel-levee systems or lobe systems in the intra-slope deepwater *** of the major uncertainties about those reservoirs is their distribution,which is likely controlled by salt *** current salt structure,however,does not represent the salt structure when the sands were *** is difficult,if not impossible,to restore the salt history based on current salt *** movement resulted in a great amount of deformed shale in *** images on the other hand can be used to characterize the internal structure or texture of deformed shale;and the dips of deformed shale from borehole images may be used to define the paleo slope direction,which controls the movement of deformed *** internal structure or texture of deformed shale,therefore,may provide some information about the history of salt movement,which may also control the sand *** this integrated study,all the available data,including borehole images,seismic volumes,and other petrophysical logs,were used to characterize the reservoir sands and *** reservoir sands are mainly composed of amalgamated sand,layered sand,and laminated *** on dips from borehole images,paleo flow directions of reservoir sands were *** shales are categorized as hemipelagic shale and deformed *** hemipelagic shale has relatively lower and consistent dips;whereas deformed shale has relatively higher variable in both dip magnitude and dip *** integrated study suggests the main reservoir of the field is submarine lobe sands deposited above an allochthonous salt in the *** evacuation of the salt body below the basin created small geographic lower area for sand lobes to *** dips from the deformed shale provided information about the center of the small(or mini)basin,thus established a relationship between the dip pattern and sandstone distribut

关键词： Mass transport deposit Gulf of Mexico Sedimentology Borehole image Integration

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