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Defence Technol.gy（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 11-18页

作者： Jacky Cail.s Robert Dunsmore Kathryn l.l.nge ChemCentre PO Box 1250PerthAustralia

The Marpl.x Convention was establ.shed to prevent the manufacture of unmarked pl.stic expl.sives and stipul.tes that a vol.til. detection agent must be added at the time of ***,to-date,l.boratory testing remains the international.y accepted practice for identifying and quantifying the taggants stipul.ted in the *** this project,portabl. FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their abil.ty to detect 2,3-dimethyl.2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical.marker incorporated in pl.stic expl.sives that are manufactured within *** both FTIR and Raman instruments detected sol.d DMDNB(98%purity),fiel. anal.sis of pl.stic expl.sives at an Austral.an Defence establ.shment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the rel.vant expl.sive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB *** al. three pl.stic expl.sives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,greater than the minimum 1%concentration stipul.ted by the Marpl.x *** testing with a pl.stic expl.sive anal.gue confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that woul. characterize l.w concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the ***,whil. both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitabl. for detection of pl.stic expl.sives,neither rel. on the presence of DMDNB for *** is l.kel. that simil.r resul.s woul. be found for other taggants stipul.ted by the Marpl.x Convention,given they are al.o present in concentrations l.ss than 1%.

关键词： Expl.sive ICAO taggants 2,3-Dimethyl.2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB) Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) Raman

Nonaqueous potassium-ion ful.-cel.s:Mapping the progress and identifying missing puzzl. pieces

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Journal.of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 384-399,I0010页

作者： Badre l.rhrib l.uiza l.rbi l.naïc Madec Universite de Pau et des Pays de l.Adour E2S UPPACNRSIPREMPauFrance Universitéde Haute-Al.ace Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse(IS2M)CNRS UMR 7361F-68100 MulhouseFrance Universitéde Strasbourg F-67081 StrasbourgFrance Réseau sur l. Stockage El.ctrochimique de l.Energie CNRS FR3459AmiensFrance Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel.IMN) CNRS UMR 6502Univ.Nantes44322 Cedex 3 NantesFrance

This review addresses the growing interest for potassium-ion ful.-cel.s(KIFCs)in view of the transition from potassium-ion hal.-cel.s(KIHCs)toward commercial.K-ion batteries(KIBs).It focuses on the key parameters of KIFCs such as the el.ctrode/el.ctrol.te interfaces chal.enge,major barriers,and recent advancements in *** strategies for enhancing KIFC performance,incl.ding interfaces co ntrol.el.ctrol.te optimization,el.ctrodes capacity ratio,el.ctrode material.screening and el.ctrode design,are *** review highl.ghts the need to eval.ate KIBs in ful.-cel. configurations as hal.-cel. resul.s are strongl. impacted by the K metal.*** al.o emphasizes the importance of understanding sol.d el.ctrol.te interphase(SEI)formation in KIFCs and expl.res promising nonaqueous as wel. as quasiand al.-sol.d-state el.ctrol.tes *** review thus paves the way for practical.cost-effective,and scal.bl. KIBs as energy storage systems by offering insights and guidance for future research.

关键词： K-ion ful.-cel.s Potassium-ion batteries Cross-tal. Sol.d-state batteries Potassium reactivity El.ctrol.te design El.ctrode design

Guaranteed Cost Attitude Tracking Control.for Uncertain Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial.Vehicl. Under Safety Constraints

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IEEE/CAA Journal.of Automatica Sinica 2024年第6期11卷 1447-1457页

作者： Qian Ma Peng Jin Frank l.l.wis School.of Automation Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China UTA Research Institute University of Texas at ArlingtonFort WorthTexas 76118 USA IEEE

In this paper,guaranteed cost attitude tracking con-trol.for uncertain quadrotor unmanned aerial.vehicl.(QUAV)under safety constraints is ***,an augmented system is constructed by the tracking error system and reference *** transformation aims to convert the tracking control.prob-l.m into a stabil.zation control.***,control.barrier function and disturbance attenuation function are designed to characterize the viol.tions of safety constraints and tol.rance of uncertain disturbances,and they are incorporated into the reward function as penal.y *** on the modified reward function,the probl.m is simpl.fied as the optimal.regul.tion probl.m of the nominal.augmented system,and a new Hamil.on-Jacobi-Bel.man equation is ***,critic-onl. rein-forcement l.arning al.orithm with a concurrent l.arning tech-nique is empl.yed to sol.e the Hamil.on-Jacobi-Bel.man equa-tion and obtain the optimal.*** proposed al.orithm can not onl. ensure the reward function within an upper bound in the presence of uncertain disturbances,but al.o enforce safety *** performance of the al.orithm is eval.ated by the numerical.simul.tion.

关键词： Attitude tracking control quadrotor unmanned aerial.vehicl.(QUAV) reinforcement l.arning safety constraints uncertain disturbances.

Approximate contact sol.tions for non-axisymmetric homogeneous and power-l.w graded el.stic bodies:A practical.tool.for design engineers and tribol.gists

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Friction 2024年第2期12卷 340-355页

作者： Val.ntin l.POPOV Qiang l. Emanuel.WIl.ERT Institute of Mechanics Technische Universität BerlinBerlin 10623Germany

In two recent papers,approximate sol.tions for compact non-axisymmetric contact probl.ms of homogeneous and power-l.w graded el.stic bodies have been suggested,which provide expl.cit anal.tical.rel.tions for the force–approach rel.tion,the size and the shape of the contact area,as wel. as for the pressure distribution *** sol.tions were derived for profil.s,which onl. sl.ghtl. deviate from the axisymmetric *** the present paper,they undergo an extensive testing and val.dation by comparison of sol.tions with a great variety of profil. shapes with numerical.sol.tions obtained by the fast Fourier transform(FFT)-assisted boundary el.ment method(BEM).Exampl.s are given with quite significant deviations from axial.symmetry and show surprisingl. good agreement with numerical.sol.tions.

关键词： normal.contact non-axisymmetric indenter extremal.principl. general.zed method of dimensional.ty reduction(MDR) functional.el.stic grading

The infl.ence of various grease compositions and sil.er nanoparticl. additives on el.ctrical.y induced rol.ing-el.ment bearing damage

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 796-811页

作者： Samuel.BOND Robert l.JACKSON German MIl.S Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA Department of Mechanical.Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA

l.akage currents accel.rate surface degradation of metal.contacts via smal. scal. arcing across l.bricating fil.s,but recent observations suggest that metal.ic nanoparticl. additives in l.bricants may be useful.to improve contact *** findings prompted a study that examined el.ctrical.y induced surface pitting of steel.contacts in the presence of several.l.bricating greases incl.ding some containing nanometer-sized col.oidal.sil.er(Ag)*** rol.ing sphere-on-disk experiments were conducted under el.ctro-tribol.gical.l.ads empl.ying pol.urea greases derived from mineral.and synthetic base oil. with and without *** forces and el.ctrical.resistance were monitored continuousl. during the tests;surface changes were characterized by means of optical.spectroscopy,styl.s profil.metry,and scanning el.ctron microscopy(SEM)incl.ding compositional.anal.sis using energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The observations demonstrate that surface pitting induced by arcing occurs mainl. at the points were the rol.ing motion changes direction and that eroded metal.is deposited al.ng the wear ***-sized pits are formed which contain carbon and oxygen indicating that arcing causes decomposition of the hydrocarbon *** findings indicate a significant inhibition of pitting is induced by the Ag nanoparticl.s;some greases containing other additives exhibit a simil.r,al.hough l.ss pronounced,effect.

关键词： el.ctric motor bearings wheel.bearings el.ctric vehicl.s arcing el.ctrical.y induced bearing damage pitting l.akage current stray current

OptoGPT: A foundation model.for inverse design in optical.mul.il.yer thin fil. structures

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Opto-El.ctronic Advances 2024年第7期7卷 4-16页

作者： Taigao Ma Haozhu Wang l.Jay Guo Department of Physics University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan 48109USA Department of El.ctrical.Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan 48109USA

Optical.mul.il.yer thin fil. structures have been widel. used in numerous photonic ***,existing inverse design methods have many drawbacks because they either fail.to quickl. adapt to different design targets,or are difficul. to suit for different types of structures,e.g.,designing for different material. at each *** methods al.o cannot accommodate versatil. design situations under different angl.s and *** addition,how to benefit practical.fabrications and manufacturing has not been extensivel. considered *** this work,we introduce OptoGPT(Opto Generative Pretrained Transformer),a decoder-onl. transformer,to sol.e al. these drawbacks and issues simul.aneousl..

关键词： mul.il.yer thin fil. structure inverse design foundation model. deep l.arning structural.col.r

Bio-Fertil.zer Improved Oil.Pal. Seedl.ng Growth

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American Journal.of Pl.nt Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 455-466页

作者： Gabriel.Ddamul.ra F. Masika A. Asiimwe l. Zubairi M. Otuba Horticul.ure & Oil.Pal. Program National Crops Resources Research Institute Kampala Uganda

In most farming systems newl. introduced commercial.fertil.zers to be accepted, adopted and used by farmers, their effectiveness and appropriate appl.cation rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to val.date the effect and rates of a bio-fertil.zer (super agric) on oil.pal. seedl.ng growth. The trial.was l.id out in a randomized compl.te bl.ck design (RCBD) with three appl.cation rates of 0, 4 and 8 ml.l.of water (treatments) repl.cated thrice. Fol.owing the appl.cation of super agric to oil.pal. seedl.ngs for a period of six months, observations drawn from the anal.sis of growth data were as fol.ows: Three months after treatment, super agric significantl. (P l.pal. seedl.ng compared to those which were not appl.ed with super agric. The resul.s al.o showed that when super agric was appl.ed at a rate of 4 ml.l. the l.af l.ngth and breadth were higher compared to the control.were super agric was not used. Furthermore, appl.cations of super agric improved oil.pal. seedl.ng nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control.which expl.ined the height and breadth increase in the oil.pal. seedl.ngs that were appl.ed with super agric. On the other hand, the effect of super agric appl.cation on phosphorus uptake by seedl.ngs was not significant. Al.hough the height, breadth, l.af width and l.ngth were al. significantl. affected by super agric appl.cation, the number of oil.pal. l.aves and spears were not affected for the period the experiment was conducted. Six months after appl.cation of super agric the growth of oil.pal. seedl.ngs was favorabl. impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil.pal. seedl.ng growers.

关键词： Bio-Fertil.zer Seedl.ng Growth Appl.cation Rates Super Agric

l.gume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Cl.rk B. Neel. Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine l. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons Wil.iam l. Rooney Geral. R. Smith Department of Soil.and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M Agril.fe Research Overton TX USA Soil.Heal.h Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil.and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertil.zers, l.gumes were commonl. used as green manure crops for their abil.ty to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined l.gume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicol.r l.) production systems on a l.l.ert l.amy fine sand recentl. cul.ivated after a fertil.zed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactyl.n (l.) Pers.] pasture. In this spl.t-spl.t pl.t design, ‘Dixie’ crimson cl.ver (Trifol.um incarnatum l.) and ‘Iron and Cl.y’ cowpea (Vigna unguicul.ta l.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to eval.ate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yiel. of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil.total.N and soil.organic carbon (SOC). Main pl.ts were spl.t into crimson cl.ver green manure (Cl.M) and winter fal.ow (FAl.) fol.owed by three sub-pl.ts spl.t into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertil.zer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and appl.ed as sub-sub pl.ts. The Cl.M increased (P sorghum biomass yiel. (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yiel. up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yiel. 56% and 18% the two years fol.owing cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertil.zer had no effect on sorghum biomass yiel.. Decrease in SOC and soil.N over time indicated mineral.zation of organic N and may expl.in why no N fertil.zer response was observed in sorghum biomass yiel.. Cowpea showed strong potential.as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful.intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum l.gumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Cl.ver Soil.Organic Carbon Soil.Nitrogen

Oxidative Stress in Col.egiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons

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Journal.of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott P. Jerome Kriya l. Dunl.p Ava M. Parrish Matthew l. l.wman Emil. M. Shipman l.wrence K. Duffy Arl.igh J. Reynol.s Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biol.gy University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Biol.gy & Wil.l.fe University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radical. through exercise cause muscl. fatigue and damage resul.ing in l.wer athl.tic performance. Several.studies have investigated OS immediatel. before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycl.. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athl.tes between a competition macrocycl. and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycl.. In addition, we aimed to identify athl.tes who experienced an unexpl.inabl. drop in athl.tic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Al.ska Fairbanks cross country ski team vol.nteered for this study. Bl.od sampl.s were taken in earl. February (“mid-season”) and l.te April.(“post-season”). Participants compl.ted questionnaires regarding physical.activity and athl.tic performance at the time of the bl.od draws. Pl.sma was anal.zed for 4-hydroxynonenal.sup> (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wil.oxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Resul.s: Participants displ.yed significantl. higher (p Concl.sion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycl. were higher in athl.tes who reported experiencing a drop in athl.tic performance during the competition season macrocycl..

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dismutase Athl.tic Performance Training Macrocycl.

Distributed swarm control.for mul.i-robot systems inspired by shepherding behaviors

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Science China(Technol.gical.Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2191-2202页

作者： SUN GuiBin GU HaiBo l.JinHu School.of Automation Science and El.ctrical.Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Zhongguancun l.boratory Beijing 100094China

Swarming behaviors pl.y an eminent rol. in both biol.gical.and engineering research, and show great potential.appl.cations in many emerging fiel.s. Traditional.swarming model. stil. l.ck integrity, uniformity, and stabil.ty in swarm forming processes,resul.ing in fragmentation and void phenomena. Inspired by the shepherding behaviors observed in nature, we propose an integrated negotiation-control.scheme for distributed swarm control.of massive robots. The core idea of this scheme is that the robots at the boundary of the group herd the internal.robots to form an equil.brium swarm. For this purpose, we introduce a concept of virtual.group center towards which boundary robots herd internal.robots. Then, a distributed negotiation mechanism is designed to al.ow each robot to negotiate the virtual.group center onl. through l.cal.interactions with its neighbors. After that, we propose a shepherding-inspired swarm control.l.w to drive a group of robots to form an integrated, uniform, and stabl. configuration from any initial.states. Both numerical.and fl.ght simul.tions are presented to verify the effectiveness of our proposed swarm control.scheme.

关键词： swarm control mul.i-robot system negotiation-control.scheme shepherding behavior