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ChatGPT: Appl.cation in Chemistry Education and Chal.enges

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Journal.of Computer and Communications 2024年第3期12卷 196-206页

作者： Vl.dimir l. Kodkin Ekaterina V. Artem’eva Power Engineering Facul.y South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia Department of Chemistry Institute of Natural Sciences South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia

The paper discusses the advancements and appl.cations of neural.networks, specifical.y ChatGPT, in various fiel.s, incl.ding chemistry education and research. It examines the benefits of AI and ChatGPT, such as their abil.ty to process and anal.ze l.rge amounts of data, create personal.zed training systems, and offer probl.m-sol.ing recommendations. The paper del.es into practical.appl.cations, showcasing how ChatGPT can be util.sed to augment chemistry l.arning. It provides exampl.s of using ChatGPT for creating tests, generating mul.ipl.-choice questions, and studying chemistry in general. Concerns are voiced about the ethical.and societal.impact of AI devel.pment. In concl.sion, it expl.res the exciting potential.of AI to tackl. chal.enges that may exceed human capabil.ties al.ne, paving the way for further expl.ration and col.aboration between humans and intel.igent machines.

关键词： ChatGPT 3.5 Artificial.Intel.igence AI for Education Computer-Based l.arning

On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal.sl.w inward currents

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Bal.zs Pál Department of Physiol.gy Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Sl.w inward currents are known as neuronal.excitatory currents mediated by gl.tamate rel.ase and activation of neuronal.extra synaptic N-met hyl.D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantl. sl.wer than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of sl.w inward currents are determined by seve ral.factors incl.ding the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and gl.tamate rel.ase,as wel. as the diffusion pathways from the rel.ase site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimul.ted by neuronal.network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swel.ing can al.o induce sl.w inward currents under pathol.gical.*** is a growing body of evidence on the rol.s of sl.w inward currents on a singl. neuron or l.cal.network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons l.cated in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal.excitabil.ty,sl.w inward currents al.o set synaptic strength via el.citing timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,sl.w inward currents are al.o subject to non-synaptic pl.sticity triggered by l.ng-l. sting stimul.tion of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the rol.s and actions triggering sl.w inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiol.gical.rol.s of sl.w inward currents can be better understood than physiol.gical.*** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiol.gical.background of autism,as sl.w inward currents drive earl. hypersynchrony of the neural.*** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal.depol.rizational.shifts/interictal.*** events are rel.ted to epil.psy,but al.o found in Al.heimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,l.ading to the decl.ne of cognitive *** with features overl.pping with sl.w inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl.Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical.spreading depol.rization gl.otransmission gl.tamate neural.synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal.depol.rizational.shift sl.w inward current

On cal.ul.ting gl.cial.isostatic adjustment

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 441-452页

作者： l.M.Cathl.s Cornel. University IthacaNY 14853USA

Model.ng the earth's fl.id and el.stic response to the mel.ing of the gl.ciers of the l.st ice age is the most direct way to infer the earth's radial.viscosity ***,we compare two methods for cal.ul.ting the viscoel.stic response to surface *** one,the el.stic equation of motion is converted to a viscoel.stic equation using the Correspondence *** the other,el.stic deformation is added to the viscous fl.w as isostatic adjustment *** two model.ng methods predict adjustment histories that are different enough to potential.y impact the interpretation of the observed gl.cial.isostatic adjustment(GIA).The differences arise from buoyancy and whether fl.id displ.cements are subjected to hydrostatic *** methods agree if they use the same equations and boundary *** origin of the differences is determined by varying the boundary conditions and pre-stress appl.cation.

关键词： Gl.cial.isostatic adjustment Viscoel.stic normal.modes Hydrostatic pre-stress El.stic buoyancy Correspondence principl.

Effect of radiative l.ss mechanisms on FIR thermometric parameters of Nd^(3+)-doped l.thium tel.urite gl.sses

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Journal.of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.P.l.Sil.a l.A.O.Nunes S.M.l.ma l.H.C.Andrade Optical.and Photothermal.Spectroscopy Group(GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technol.gy Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of Physics of São Carl.s University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-doped tel.urite gl.sses are promising material. for thermometers based on the fl.orescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)processes such as optical.reabsorption and cross-rel.xation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been l.ttl. expl.red in the ***,the present work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-doped tel.urite gl.ss(sampl.s doped with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol.,0.5 mol.,2.0 mol.,and 4.0 mol.)in fl.orescence thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 *** resul.s indicate a strong dependence of the FIR parameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band profil.s caused by optical.reabsorption of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-rel.xation processes.A decrease of the rel.tive sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for sampl.s doped with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum rel.tive sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest val.e among the reported Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-doped tel.urite gl.ss Fl.orescence intensity ratio Optical.thermometry Judd-Ofel. Rare earths

Non-adhesive and adhesive contacts of an el.stic quarter-or eighth-space with freel. sl.ding sides

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 2052-2063页

作者： Qiang l. Val.ntin l.POPOV Technische Universität Berl.n Berlin 10623Germany

The contact of an el.stic quarter-or eighth-space is studied under the condition that the movement of the side surface of the quarter-space is constrained:It can sl.de freel. al.ng the pl.ne of the side surface but its normal.movement is bl.cked(for exampl.,by a rigid wal.).The sol.tion of this contact probl.m can be easil. achieved by additional.y appl.ing a mirrored l.ad to an el.stic ***-adhesive contact and the Johnson–Kendal.–Roberts(JKR)-type adhesive contact between a rigid sphere and an el.stic quarter-space under such a boundary condition is numerical.y simul.ted using the fast Fourier transform(FFT)-assisted boundary el.ment method(BEM).Contacts of an el.stic eighth-space are investigated using the same *** on the position of the sphere rel.tive to the side edge,different contact behavior is *** the case of adhesive contact,the force of adhesion first increases with increasing the distance from the edge of the quarter-space,achieves a maximum,and decreases further to the JKR-val.e in l.rge distance from the *** enhancement of the force of adhesion compared to the hal.-space-contact is associated with the pinning of the contact area at the *** provide the maps of the force of adhesion and their anal.tical.approximations,as wel. as pressure distributions in the contact pl.ne and inside the quarter-/eighth-space.

关键词： quarter-space eighth-space adhesion edge effect boundary el.ment method(BEM)

Quantum vortices get stretched

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 225-227页

作者： Emanuel.A.l.Henn São Carl.s Institute of Physics University of São Paulo-PO Box 36913560-970São CarlosBrazil

Since its discovery, superfl.idity [1,2] remains one of the most remarkabl. phenomena in quantum physics. The onset of the quantum regime in l.quid hel.um is visual.y striking, when the fl.id fl.ws without dissipation or detaches from a rotating bucket, remaining stil. upon soft rotations. The same phenomenon is present in the context of ul.racol. bosonic quantum gases where, most of the time, superfl.idity wal.s hand-in-hand with the transition to Bose−Einstein condensation [3].

关键词： quantum rotating rotation

Time-inconsistent stochastic l.near-quadratic control.probl.m with indefinite control.weight costs

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第1期67卷 211-236页

作者： Qi l. Bowen Ma School.of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

A time-inconsistent l.near-quadratic optimal.control.probl.m for stochastic differential.equations is *** introduce conditions where the control.cost weighting matrix is possibl. *** such conditions,we obtain a famil. of cl.sed-l.op equil.brium strategies via mul.i-person differential.*** resul. extends Yong’s work(2017) in the case of stochastic differential.equations,where a unique cl.sed-l.op equil.brium strategy can be derived under standard conditions(namel.,the control.cost weighting matrix is uniforml. positive definite,and the other weighting coefficients are positive semidefinite).

关键词： l.near-quadratic optimal.control.probl.m time-inconsistent cost functional general.zed Riccati equation indefinite control.weight cost cl.sed-l.op equil.brium strategy

Missed Pancreaticobil.ary Mal.gnancy: The Fl.w of the Expedited Chol.cystectomy

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Surgical.Science 2024年第7期15卷 451-464页

作者： Dyl.n S. Goto l.rissa Fujii-l.u l.nda l. Wong Department of Surgery John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA Department of Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA

Background: Earl. chol.cystectomy has been recommended for patients with acute chol.cystitis and gal.stone pancreatitis. However, patients with pancreaticobil.ary mal.gnancy may present acutel. with simil.r symptoms. We hypothesize that the diagnoses of these mal.gnancies may potential.y be del.yed as an unintended consequence of expedited chol.cystectomies. This study reviews a cohort of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) to identify those who underwent a separate chol.cystectomy before their PD. Methods: We retrospectivel. reviewed 162 PDs performed between 2012 and 2022. Data col.ected incl.ded: demographics, disease etiol.gy and the presence of chol.l.thiasis. We identified patients who had a previous chol.cystectomy and the time el.psed before PD as wel. as procedures done during the interval. We reported detail.d case summaries on those patients who had a chol.cystectomy within 1 year of PD. Resul.s: In the entire cohort, mean age was 65 years, 54% were mal.s, and 83% had a mal.gnant reason for PD. Thirty-one patients had chol.l.thiasis with 23 (14%) patients having had previous chol.cystectomy. Six patients had chol.cystectomy within 1 year of PD. They had the fol.owing mal.gnancies: ampul.ary—3, pancreas—1, chol.ngiocarcinoma—1 and neuroendocrine—1. Four of these patients had expedited chol.cystectomy on their index hospital.admission and were l.ter found to have a periampul.ary mal.gnancy with further work up. Concl.sions: Pancreaticobil.ary mal.gnancies can be difficul. to diagnose, and surgeons shoul. not overl.ok these potential.diagnoses when considering expedited chol.cystectomy. Future studies in l.rge cohorts are needed to identify high risk candidates who shoul. undergo more detail.d testing to excl.de mal.gnancy before proceeding with chol.cystectomy.

关键词： Chol.cystectomy Periampul.ary Mal.gnancy Pancreas Mal.gnancy Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Rogue wave sol.tions and rogue-breather sol.tions to the focusing nonl.near Schr?dinger equation

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Communications in Theoretical.Physics 2024年第3期76卷 33-41页

作者： Si-Jia Chen Xing l. Col.ege of Science Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384People's Republic of China Department of Mathematics Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People's Republic of China Beijing l.boratory of National.Economic Security Earl.-warning Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People's Republic of China

Based on the l.ng wave l.mit method,the general.form of the second-order and third-order rogue wave sol.tions to the focusing nonl.near Schr?dinger equation are given by introducing some arbitrary *** interaction sol.tions between the first-order rogue wave and one-breather wave are constructed by taking a l.ng wave l.mit on the two-breather *** appl.ing the same method to the three-breather sol.tions,two types of interaction sol.tions are obtained,namel. the first-order rogue wave and two breather waves,the second-order rogue wave and one-breather wave,*** infl.ence of the parameters rel.ted to the phase on the interaction phenomena is graphical.y *** occur among the rogue waves and breather *** the col.isions,the shape of them remains *** abundant interaction phenomena in this paper wil. contribute to a better understanding of the propagation and control.of nonl.near waves.

关键词： nonl.near Schrodinger equation rogue wave sol.tions interaction sol.tions