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Synthetic biology in the UK-An outline of plans and progress

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2016年第4期1卷 243-257页

作者： L.j.clarke R.I.Kitney UK Synthetic Biology Leadership Council UK Department of BioEngineering Imperial CollegeUK Faculty of Life Sciences University of ManchesterUK BionerG UK EPSRC National Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation UK Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology UK BioMedical Systems Engineering Imperial CollegeUK BioMedical Systems EngineeringImperial CollegeUK

Synthetic biology is capable of delivering new solutions to key challenges spanning the bioeconomy,both nationally and *** this significant potential and the associated need to facilitate its translation and commercialisation the UK government commissioned the production of a national Synthetic Biology Roadmap in 2011,and subsequently provided crucial support to assist its *** infrastructural investments have been made,and important strides made towards the development of an effectively connected community of practitioners and interest groups.A number of Synthetic Biology Research Centres,DNA Synthesis Foundries,a Centre for Doctoral Training,and an Innovation Knowledge Centre have been established,creating a nationally distributed and integrated network of complementary facilities and *** UK Synthetic Biology Leadership Council published a UK Synthetic Biology Strategic Plan in 2016,increasing focus on the processes of translation and *** 50 start-ups,SMEs and larger companies are actively engaged in synthetic biology in the UK,and inward investments are starting to *** these initiatives provide an important foundation for stimulating innovation,actively contributing to international research and development partnerships,and helping deliver useful benefits from synthetic biology in response to local and global needs and challenges.

关键词： Synthetic biology Engineering biology Biodesign Roadmap Responsible Research and Innovation(RRI) Innovation and Knowledge Centre(IKC) Synthetic Biology Leadership Council(SBLC) Bioeconomy

Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14105-14125页

作者： Paul j Kennedy john F Cryan Timothy G Dinan Gerard clarke 1.15 Biosciences Institute Department of Psychiatry Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork Cork Ireland Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Alimentary Pharmabiotic CentreUniversity College CorkCork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensively studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which have attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and diversity. Moreover, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A variety of strategies have been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Microbiome Anxiety Tryptophan Abdominal pain Gastrointestinal motility Cognition

An improved culturing method for opiine fruit fly parasitoids and its application to parasitoid monitoring in the field

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 99-108页

作者： Ayad Masry Michael j. Furlong Anthony R. clarke john Paul Cunningham School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre Bruce ACT Australia Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources AgriBio Centre La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia

Good culturing methods play an important role in the study of insect behavior and its application to pest management. Here, we describe and validate a new method for rearing the parasitoid wasp, Diachasmirnorpha kraussii, which attacks some of the world＇s worst fruit fly pests and is an internationally used biological control agent. Our method differs from standard culturing approaches by presenting adult wasps with host- infested artificial media within a ＂culturing bag,＂ which mimics a natural （fruit） oviposition substrate. In laboratory trials using wild collected D. kraussii, the culturing bag method was compared to the use of host-infested nectarines, and a commonly used laboratory method of presenting host-infested artificial media within Petri dishes. The culturing bag method proved to be a significant improvement on both methods, combining the advantages of high host survival in artificial media with parasitism levels that were the equivalent to those recorded using host-infested fruits. In our field study, culturing bags infested with the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, and hung in a mixed peach and nectarine orchard proved to be effective ＂artificial fruits＂ attracting wild D. kraussii for oviposition. Significantly more adult wasps were reared from the culturing bags compared to field collected fruits. This was shown to be due to higher fruit fly larval density in the bags, as similar percentage parasitism rates were found between the culturing bags and ripe fruits. We discuss how this cheap, time-efficient method could be applied to collecting and monitoring wild D. kraussii populations in orchards, and assist in maintaining genetic variability in parasitoid laboratory cultures.

关键词： Bactrocera biological control fruit fly mass rearing natural enemies Tephritidae wasp

Trajectory Generation for Autonomous Soaring UAS

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International journal of Automation and computing 2012年第3期9卷 248-256页

作者： j. H. A. clarke W. H. Chen Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough University

As unmanned aerial vehicles are expected to do more and more advanced tasks, improved range and persistence is required. This paper presents a method of using shallow layer cumulus convection to extend the range and duration of small unmanned aerial vehicles. A simulation model of an X-models XCalubur electric motor-glider is used in combination with a refined 4D parametric thermal model to simulate soaring flight. The parametric thermal model builds on previous successful models with refinements to more accurately describe the weather in northern Europe. The implementation of the variation of the MacCready setting is discussed. Methods for generating efficient trajectories are evaluated and recommendations are made regarding implementation.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) unmanned aerial systems (UAS) soaring trajectory thermal optimal heuristic

Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： Ali Momeni Barry clarke Yong Sheng Ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle *** triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as ***,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain *** a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during *** paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC^(2D) *** investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,*** rigid and deformable lateral boundary *** DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear *** comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

The impact of weather on summer and winter exercise behaviors

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 39-45页

作者： Abram L.Wagner Florian Keusch Ting Yan Philippa j.clarke Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan Institute for Social Research University of Michigan

Background: Outdoor exercise is an enjoyable way for individuals to improve fitness, but it is dependent on weather conditions. This study examines the association between weather conditions and outdoor exercise after adjustment for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic ***: We used data representative of American adults from the University of Michigan/Thomson Reuters june 2013 surveys of consumers(core and supplement) to investigate self-reported exercise behavior in summer and winter. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models estimated the odds of delayed or indoor exercise compared with outdoor ***: Of the 502 respondents, 16.3% did not regularly exercise outdoors(i.e., at least once a week), and many would delay exercise both in summer(51.8%) and winter(43.9%). Individuals listing rain as the predominant adverse weather condition had 3.33 times higher odds of exercising indoors(95% confidence interval(CI): 1.34-8.28) and 3.49 times higher odds of delaying exercise(95%CI: 1.69-7.21) compared with those mentioning heat as the predominant adverse condition. Individuals for whom ice or snow was an adverse winter weather condition were more likely to delay exercise(odds ratio(OR) = 3.34; 95%CI: 1.19-9.36), compared with those concerned with ***: This study found that race, age, and education exacerbate the negative effects of adverse weather conditions on the decision to exercise outdoors. Accordingly, any recommendation for an individual to exercise outdoors should be combined with an evaluation of the individual's outdoor environment along with strategies for the individual to continue exercising, indoors or outdoors, when adverse weather is present.

关键词： Outdoor exercise Physical activity Rain Seasons Snow Survey

Energy efficient route prediction for solar powered vehicles

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2023年第1期2卷 26-38页

作者： julie Gallagher Siobhán clarke Trinity College DublinIreland

Solar powered vehicles are currently being developed towards entirely self-sustaining vehicles that harness their energy directly from the *** such vehicles,it is important to optimise their solar exposure while driving,thereby reducing their energy consumption through fossil *** has emerged to estimate optimised routes for solar vehicles,and this paper builds on this work to expand on the parameters used to calculate the route,thereby improving the energy-harnessing quality of the route together with its overall utility for the *** ArcGIS tool and the open weather API are used to predict the solar potential of a vehicle by taking into account shade based on surrounding topography,vehicle type,weather,distance and time of *** model was implemented as a user mobile application‘Drive Solar’that calculates the optimal route for the user based on their preferences for time and energy *** effectiveness of the prediction model was tested using a solar irradiance sensor in Dublin *** results show that the model predicts the route with the most energy absorbed with a 51.65%accuracy and chooses the route with the most energy consumed with a 86.65%*** conclude that Drive Solar can aid in the transition to widespread use of self-sustaining solar vehicles.

关键词： Solar vehicle Solar potential GIS Mobile application Prediction model

Inter-Regional Comparisons on the Quaternary Large Mammalian Faunas between China and Sub-Saharan Africa

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第1期85卷 91-106页

作者： TONG Haowen HU Nan LIU jinyi Ronald clarke Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute for Human Evolution University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2193 South Africa

The current and dominant theory about the origin of modern humans is the out-of-Africa hypothesis, which asserts that populations of Homo sapiens left Africa 100,000 years ago and replaced indigenous populations of humans in Eurasia. Many scholars equated the out-of-Africa dispersal of humans with paleoenvironmental changes. However, until now, few have paid special attention to the faunal data and whether or not faunal patterns are supportive of the popular theory. Recent comparative study of the Chinese fauna shows that the communication of faunas between Africa and East Asia could have occurred during the Neogene, but it was very limited during the Pleistocene. In the Chinese Quaternary fauna, only 16% of the genera are also present in the sub-Saharan African fauna. There is also no element among the dominant taxa of the Chinese Quaternary fauna which can be related to the African fauna. There is no reliable proof for the existence of Hippopotamus and Giraffa, as well as Panthera leo, during the Quaternary in China. Two controversial taxa are Acinonyx and Crocuta, about which there is still argument concerning their species identification in Eurasia. It is possible that both of the genera have co-specific taxa in Africa and Eurasia. Although the two genera are confined to Africa today, they did have a long evolutionary history in China. For the Out of Africa hypothesis for Homo sapiens, the implications of the limited faunal interchanges between China and Africa are not completely clear yet.

关键词： large mammals faunal comparisons Quaternary out of Africa theory Sub-SaharanAfrica China

“If we are waiting for the numbers alone,we will miss the point”:a qualitative study of the perceived rise of food allergy and associated risk factors in the Greater Accra Region,Ghana

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Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 159-170页

作者： George A.Atiim Susan j.Elliott Ann E.clarke Department of Geography and Environmental Management Faculty of EnvironmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Department of Medicine Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada

Background:Globally,food allergy[FA]is considered a growing health *** much of what is known comes from developed countries,there is growing interest in the epidemiology of FA in developing regions such as sub-Saharan ***,researchers are beginning to document the incidence and prevalence of FA and *** results outlined in this paper stem from an exploratory qualitative study examining the emergence of the health risk of FA in Ghana,a country undergoing epidemiologic ***:Between june and August,2015,we conducted thirty-seven(37)semi-structured in-depth *** comprised seventeen(17)healthcare workers across 12 public and private hospitals and twenty(20)individuals with FA and families with allergic *** interviews were recorded and transcribed *** were analyzed to develop thematic areas that characterize perceptions and experiences around ***:Three key broad themes arise from this ***,FA is an emerging health risk,whose incidence is perceived to be ***,participants expressed mixed perceptions about the public health burden of ***,participants identified individual and societal factors that may be influencing FA risks and ***:Our research suggests FA is a growing but unrecognized public health *** is the need for health policies and researchers to consider the full extent of ongoing epidemiologic changes for the health of populations in developing regions.

关键词： Food allergy Chronic illness Epidemiologic transition Qualitative Ghana