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Technological advancements in the analysis of human motion and posture management through digital devices

World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第7期12卷 467-484页

作者： Federico Roggio Silvia Ravalli Grazia Maugeri Antonino Bianco Antonio Palma michelino di rosa Giuseppe Musumeci Department of Psychology Educational Science and Human MovementUniversity of PalermoPalermo 90144Italy Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Human Anatomy and Histology SectionSchool of MedicineUniversity of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Department of Biology College of Science and TechnologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122United States

Technological development of motion and posture analyses is rapidly progressing,especially in rehabilitation settings and sport ***,clear discrimination among different measurement systems is required to diversify their use as *** review aims to resume the currently used motion and posture analysis systems,clarify and suggest the appropriate approaches suitable for specific cases or *** currently gold standard systems of motion analysis,widely used in clinical settings,present several limitations related to marker placement or long procedure *** automated and markerless systems are overcoming these drawbacks for conducting biomechanical studies,especially outside ***,new posture analysis techniques are emerging,often driven by the need for fast and non-invasive methods to obtain high-precision *** new technologies have also become effective for children or adolescents with non-specific back pain and postural *** evolutions of these methods aim to standardize measurements and provide manageable tools in clinical practice for the early diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathologies and to monitor daily improvements of each ***,these devices and their uses are described,providing researchers,clinicians,orthopedics,physical therapists,and sports coaches an effective guide to use new technologies in their practice as instruments of diagnosis,therapy,and prevention.

关键词： Motion capture Gait analysis Inertial measurement unit Wearable devices Rasterstereography Posture

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New insights on chitinases immunologic activities

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World Journal of Immunology 2016年第2期6卷 96-104页

作者： michelino di rosa Violetta Maria Brundo Lucia Malaguarnera Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences University of Catania Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Catania

Mammalian chitinases and the related chilectins （ChiLs） belong to the GH18 family, which hydrolyse the glycosidic bond of chitin by a substrate-assisted mechanism. Chitin the fundamental component in the coating of numerous living species is the most abundant natural biopolymer. Mounting evidence suggest that the function of the majority of the mammalian chitinases is not exclusive to catalyze the hydrolysis of chitin producing pathogens, but include crucial role specifc in the immunologic activities. The chitinases and chitinase-like proteins are expressed in response to different proinflammatory cues in various tissues by activated macrophages, neutrophils and in different monocyte-derived cell lines. The mechanism and molecular interaction of chitinases in relation to immune regulation embrace bacterial infection, infammation, dismetabolic and degenerative disease. The aim of this review is to update the reader with regard to the role of chitinases proposed in the recent innate and adaptive immunity literature. The deep scrutiny of this family of enzymes could be a useful base for further studies addressed to the development of potential procedure directing these molecules as diagnostic and prognostic markers for numerous immune and infammatory diseases.

关键词： Chitinases Chitinase like proteins Chronic infammation Immune regulation Autoimmunity

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Comparison of YKL-39 and CHIT-1 expression during macrophages differentiation and polarization

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Modern Research in Inflammation 2013年第4期2卷 82-89页

作者： michelino di rosa Daniele Tibullo Michele Malaguarnera Michele Tuttobene Lucia Malaguarnera Department of Bio-Medical Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Division of Hematology University of Catania Catania Italy S. Immuno-Haemathology and Transfusional Medicine Transfusional Centre “Garibaldi” Hospital Catania Italy

The chitinase-like proteins YKL-39 (chitinase 3-like-2) and Chitortriosidase (CHIT-1) are members of the chitinases family. YKL-39 expression has been associated with osteoarthritis, whereas CHIT-1 activity is regarded as a biochemical marker of macrophage activation. So far, the physiological or pathological role of YKL-39 in the inflammation is still poorly understood. We compared YKL-39 and CHIT-1 modulation during monocyte to macrophage transition and polarization. Gene expression analysis was investigated by real-time PCR from mRNA of human monocytes obtained from buffy coat of healthy volunteers, from mRNA of polarized macrophages to classically activated macrophages (or M1), obtained by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide exposure, and from mRNA of alternatively activated macrophages (or M2) obtained by interleukin-4 exposure. We demonstrated different variations of YKL-39 and CHIT-1 production during macrophages polarization. CHIT-1 levels gradually increase in the course of the time with a peak of expression between the fifth and the seventh day of culture. In contrast, YKL-39 expression was unaltered in the diverse stage of HMMs differentiation, but increased significantly in M1 polarized macrophages and reverted to base levels in M2 polarized macrophages. These findings indicated that the function of YKL-39 is much more restricted and selective than that exerted by CHIT-1.

关键词： YKL-39 Chitotriosidase Human Monocyte/Macrophages Classically Activated Macrophages Alternatively Activated Macrophages

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The hypothalamic-spinal dopaminergic system:a target for pain modulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 925-930页

作者： michelino Puopolo Department of Anesthesiology Stony Brook Medicine

Nociceptive signals conveyed to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by primary nociceptors are subject to extensive modulation by local neurons and by supraspinal descending pathways to the spinal cord before being relayed to higher brain centers. Descending modulatory pathways to the spinal cord comprise,among others, noradrenergic, serotonergic, γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic, and dopaminergic *** contributions of noradrenaline, serotonin, and GABA to pain modulation have been extensively investigated. In contrast, the contributions of dopamine to pain modulation remain poorly *** focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the contributions of dopamine to pain modulation. Hypothalamic A11 dopaminergic neurons project to all levels of the spinal cord and provide the main source of spinal dopamine. Dopamine receptors are expressed in primary nociceptors as well as in spinal neurons located in different laminae in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, suggesting that dopamine can modulate pain signals by acting at both presynaptic and postsynaptic targets. Here, I will review the literature on the effects of dopamine and dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists on the excitability of primary nociceptors, the effects of dopamine on the synaptic transmission between primary nociceptors and dorsal horn neurons, and the effects of dopamine on pain in rodents. Published data support both anti-nociceptive effects of dopamine mediated by D2-like receptors and pro-nociceptive effects mediated by D1-like receptors.

关键词： A11 nucleus descending modulation dopamine dorsal horn dorsal root ganglia D2 receptors D1 receptors nociceptors pain spinal cord

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