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Where is hidden the ghost in phantom sensations?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第7期3卷 542-544页

作者： michelangelo buonocore Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurodiagnostic Skin Biopsy Fondazione Salvatore MaugeriScientific Institute of Pavia

The term phantom sensations(PS) refers to sensations in a missing body part. They are almost universal in amputees and can be both painful and not painful. Although PS have been frequently described in limb amputees, they can also occur in other clinical conditions and several pathophysiological interpretations have been proposed, with a predominance of theories based on a central origin. Actually, different mechanisms are able to create a phantom sensation. After an amputation, PS are frequently generated by the genesis of ectopic action potentials in the interrupted nerve fibers but the PS generator can also be more proximal. Sometimes PS are not created by the stimulation of somatosensory fibers with a missing territory, but they can be the result of central sensitization or neuroplastic changes that allow for the convergence of impulses coming from different body parts(referred sensations), one of which is missing. In conclusion, PS can be generated by both neuropathic and non-neuropathic mechanisms developed in the amputated body part or in other parts of the nervous system. Since these mechanisms are not pathognomonic of amputation there are no hidden ghosts to look for in phantom sensations. The only interpretative rule is just to follow the pathophysiological principles.

关键词： Phantom sensations Phantom pain Neuropathic pain Referred pain Pain pathophysiology

Dynamic mechanical allodynia following finger amputation:Unexpected skin hyperinnervation

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第6期1卷 197-201页

作者： michelangelo buonocore Maria Concetta Gagliano Cesare Bonezzi Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurodiagnostic Skin Biopsy "Salvatore Maugeri" Foundation Scientific Institute of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy Unit of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Policlinico of Modena 41124 Modena Italy Unit of Pain Medicine "Salvatore Maugeri" Foundation Scientific Institute of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy

The development of chronic pain after amputations is not an uncommon event. In some cases the most disabling problem is represented by the symptom called dynamic mechanical allodynia, characterized by the painful sensation evoked by gently stroking the skin. Despite the growing interest in understanding pain mechanisms, little is known about the mechanism sustaining this peculiar type of pain. We present here the case of a 53-year-old female patient who complained of severe tactile allodynia in the hand after amputation of her left second finger, resistant to several medical and surgical treatments. In order to gain information about the pain mechanism, two neurodiagnostic skin biopsies were obtained from the area of tactile allodynia and from the contralateral, normal skin area. Skin biopsies showed an unexpected increased innervation of the allodynic skin compared to the contralateral, normal skin area(+ 80.1%). Hyperinnervation has been proposed as a mechanism of pain following nerve lesions, but the increased innervation described here could be also attributed to neuronal plasticity occurring in chronic inflammatory conditions. Independently from the uncertain cause of the epidermal hyperinnervation, in this patient we tried to reduce the elevated number of epidermal nerve fibres by treating the skin with topical capsaicin(0.075%) three times a day, and obtained a persistent pain relief. In conclusion, neurodiagnostic skin biopsy might represent an useful tool for detecting derangements of epidermal innervation in patients with dynamic mechanical allodynia and can help to select an individually tailored therapeutic strategy in such difficult clinical conditions. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue and try to gain better understanding of chronic pain mechanisms in patients who underwent finger amputation.

关键词： Neuropathic pain Hyperinnervation Dynamic mechanical allodynia Amputation Skin biopsy

PTEN in liver diseases and cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第37期16卷 4627-4633页

作者： Marion Peyrou Lucie Bourgoin michelangelo Foti Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism Geneva Medical Faculty Centre Médical Universitaire

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt axis is a key signal transduction node that regulates crucial cellular functions, including insulin and other growth factors signaling, lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as cell survival and apoptosis. In this pathway, PTEN acts as a phosphoinositide phosphatase, which terminates PI3Kpropagated signaling by dephosphorylating PtdIns(3,4)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. However, the role of PTEN does not appear to be restricted only to PI3K signaling antagonism, and new functions have been recently discovered for this protein. In addition to the well-established role of PTEN as a tumor suppressor, increasing evidence now suggests that a dysregulated PTEN expression and/or activity is also linked to the development of several hepatic pathologies. Dysregulated PTEN expression/activity is observed with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infections, and abusive alcohol consumption, whereas mutations/deletions have also been associated with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it appears that alterations of PTEN expression and activity in hepatocytes are common and recurrent molecular events associated with liver disorders of various etiologies. These recent f indings suggest that PTEN might represent a potential common therapeutic target for a number of liver pathologies.

关键词： Phosphatase and tensin homolog Obesity Insulin resistance Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases Steatosis Steatohepatitis Fibrosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Viral hepatitis Alcohol

Extent of lymphadenectomy and perioperative therapies:two open issues in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3889-3904页

作者： Andrea Giuliani michelangelo Miccini Luigi Basso Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni" "Sapienza" University of RomeMedical School

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death for cancer worldwide,although geographical variations in incidence *** the last decades,its incidence and mortality have gradually decreased in Western countries,while these have increased,or remained stable,in the other world *** cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage,with the only notable exception of Japan,where nationwide screening programs are enforced,due to local high *** surgery(i.e.,gastrectomy,total or partial,and lymphadenectomy)remains the cornerstone of treatment of gastric *** has been debated about the extent of lymph node dissection and,although it is a valuable contribution to staging and cure,operative treatment only represents one aspect of overall effective management,as the risk of both locoregional and distant recurrences are high,and bear a poor *** a matter of fact,surgery,as a single modality treatment,has probably achieved its maximum efficacy for local control and survival,while other accompanying nonsurgical treatment modalities have to be taken into account,although their role is still the subject of considerable *** authors in this review present an update on the outcome of treatment of gastric cancer in relation to the extent of lymphadenectomy and of various nonsurgical preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative strategies.

关键词： Gastric cancer Adenocarcinoma Postoperative Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Intraperitoneal Randomized controlled trial Meta-analysis

Linear Jacobi-Legendre expansion of the charge density for machine learning-accelerated electronic structure calculations

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1482-1491页

作者： Bruno Focassio michelangelo Domina Urvesh Patil Adalberto Fazzio Stefano Sanvito Federal University of ABC(UFABC) Santo AndréSão Paulo 09210-580Brazil Ilum School of Science CNPEMCampinasSão Paulo 13083-970Brazil School of Physics and CRANN Institute Trinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland

Kohn–Sham density functional theory(KS-DFT)is a powerful method to obtain key materials’properties,but the iterative solution of the KS equations is a numerically intensive task,which limits its application to complex *** address this issue,machine learning(ML)models can be used as surrogates to find the ground-state charge density and reduce the computational *** develop a grid-centred structural representation,based on Jacobi and Legendre polynomials combined with a linear regression,to accurately learn the converged DFT charge *** integrates into a ML pipeline that can return any density-dependent observable,including energy and forces,at the quality of a converged DFT calculation,but at a fraction of the computational *** scanning of energy landscapes and producing starting densities for the DFT self-consistent cycle are among the applications of our scheme.

关键词： density charge Legendre

Measurements on the Turtle’s Shell that Help Illuminate How the Fishes Lateral Line Function Was Replaced by the Reptilian Hearing Organ

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Natural Science 2022年第4期14卷 157-162页

作者： michelangelo Rossetto New York NY USA

The acoustic sense of fish, embodied in the lateral line, no longer worked when amphibians ventured onto the land. The new acoustic environment where sound traveled in the thin medium of air rather than the relatively dense medium of water presented a major challenge. The multiple sensors of the lateral line were replaced by one gross sensor, the tympanic membrane or eardrum. We show acoustical measurements on the turtle shell that can suggest a possible explanation of how the turtle dealt with the issue of sensing the directionality of incoming sounds.

关键词： Turtle Shell Lateral Line Amphibian Ear Shell Reflections Directionality Sense

Multi-species habitat models highlight the key importance of flooded reedbeds for inland wetland birds: implications for management and conservation

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 186-198页

作者： michelangelo Morganti Milo Manica Giuseppe Bogliani Marco Gustin Federica Luoni Paolo Trotti Vincenzo Perin Mattia Brambilla Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Pavia Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Milan Conservation Department Lipu/BirdLife Italy Riserva Naturale ‘Torbiere del Sebino’ Riserva Naturale Regionale ‘Lago di Piano’ Casa della Riserva Fondazione Lombardia per l’Ambiente Settore Biodiversità ed Aree Protette MUSE Museo delle ScienzeSezione di Zoologia dei VertebratiCorso del Lavoro e della Scienza

Background: Inland wetlands are crucial for biodiversity conservation, especially in highly-urbanized landscapes. In the European Union, many wetlands are included in the EU ‘Natura 2000’ network, the main tool for biodiversity conservation over the continent, which requires the development of site-specific management plans. Clear and feasible recommendations are necessary to provide site managers with effective tools for the maintenance of biodiversity in these unstable environments. Birds are excellent umbrella species, therefore a management targeted at increasing habitat suitability for focal bird species would likely benefit broader wetland biological communities. Methods: During spring–summer 2017, we collected presence/absence data for 10 bird species of conservation interest at a site scale for 21 Natura 2000 sites. We also carried out a point count survey to detect presence/absence of four reedbed-dwelling species at 75 points. At the site level, we estimated landscape characteristics from regional GISlayers, whereas fine-scaled habitat composition was recorded on the field within a 100 m-buffer around the 75 points. We analysed the effect of the extent of different habitats on species’ occurrence probability by means of multi-species binomial multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) at both scales. We also run species-specific MARS models to compare their performance with those of multi-species models. Results: At the site scale, the extent of the reedbeds/mires was positively associated with the occurrence of all species of conservation concern. At the point-count scale, reedbed extent positively predicted species’ occurrence, but only in presence of patches of clear shallow water. Species-specific MARS models showed qualitatively similar results for some species, but generally were outperformed by multi-species ones. Conclusions: Multi-species MARS models confirmed to be an efficient tool in disclosing species-habitat relationships even for set of

关键词： Multivariate adaptive regression spline Natura 2000 Pre-Alpine belt Species-habitat relationship Umbrella species Urbanized landscape

An Engineer’s View of Hair Cell Function: A Theory of Capacitive Transduction

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Natural Science 2015年第3期7卷 158-164页

作者： michelangelo Rossetto 125 w 86 st New York NY USA

Using an engineering perspective which is looking at the hair cells cilia as a total entity interacting with its neighboring cilia along their entire length, a theory of capacitive transduction is developed. This larger scaled view of cilia interaction suggests that transduction may be achieved through a mechanically controlled variable capacitor in the cilia bundle. A brief review of some seldom considered facts about electrical capacitors supports the hypothesis presented. Experimental measurements of hair cell reversal potential and ionic conditions surrounding the cilia during transduction, long reported in the biophysical literature, also support a capacitive hypothesis of transduction.

关键词： Hair Cell Cilia Transduction Nernst

Bistability in Ephaptic Coupling as a Possible Memory Element Explored through a Colloid Interptation of Stereocilia Bistability

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2015年第3期7卷 107-114页

作者： michelangelo Rossetto 125 w 86 th st New York USA

When the processes of neurons are in close proximity they effectively couple to each other in a process termed Ephaptic coupling. This coupling occurs without the membranes touching when the space between them is some tens of nanometers. If the intra-membrane spacing has a mechanical bistability, which moves the membranes closer and further apart, the Ephaptic coupling will be turned on and off allowing one neuron to read, or not read the content of the other. This paper explores the possibilities of bistable ephaptic memory element by a study of an analogous system that operates at a much larger scale, the Stereocilia of the hair cell. Published measurement of hair cell Stereocilia force/displacement function shows both a negative slope region in the displacement function and tendency to express bistability. We show here how this negative slope region can arise through the exigency of colloid forces. An explanation of Colloid Theory, presented in a graphic form, shows how a colloid force function can be modified to match the measured hair cell cilia force function. The colloid force function is modified by a limiting function resulting from Stereocilia side links, structural details that tie together the hair cell Stereocilia clusters. Understanding how a limited, simple behavior such as Stereocilia bistability functions may point to a more general understanding of how bistability may underlie other areas of living organisms such as memory and computation.

关键词： Ephaptic Hair Cell Stereocilia Colloid Bistability Memory