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Global nitrogen fertilizer supply and demand outlook

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 818-826页

作者： michel Prud'homme International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) Paris France

This paper presents a brief overview of the world nitrogen fertilizer demand, high-lights trends in the global and regional developments of production capacity and provides a medium-term perspective of the global nitr... 详细信息

关键词： global nitrogen fertilizer, supply and demand.

Tanned or Sunburned:How Excessive Light Triggers Plant Cell Death

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Molecular Plant 2020年第11期13卷 1545-1555页

作者： Stefano D'Alessandro Ines Beaugelin michel Havaux Aix-Marseille University CEACNRSUMR7265BIAMInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Singapore-CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy(SCARCE) School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering62 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637459Republic of Singapore

Plants often encounter light intensities exceeding the capacity of photosynthesis(excessive light)mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors,which lower C02 fixation and reduce light energy *** excessive light,the photosynthetic electron transport chain generates damaging molecules,hence leading to photooxidative stress and eventually to cell *** this review,we summarize the mechanisms linking the excessive absorption of light energy in chloroplasts to programmed cell death in plant *** highlight the importance of reactive carbonyl species generated by lipid photooxidation,their detoxification,and the integrating role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the adoption of phototolerance or cell-death ***,we invite the scientific community to standardize the conditions of excessive light treatments.

关键词： Arabidopsis photosynthesis excessive light photooxidative stress carotenoid plant cell death stress response

Assessment of Technical and Economic Impacts of EV User Behavior on EV Aggregator Smart Charging

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维普期刊数据库

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第2期8卷 356-366页

作者： Jean-michel Clairand Javier Rodriguez-Garcia Carlosalvarez-Bel the Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de las Americas-Ecuador170122 QuitoEcuador the Institute for Energy Engineering Universitat Politecnica de Valencia46022 ValenciaSpain

The increase in global electricity consumption has made energy efficiency a priority for ***,there has been a focus on the efficient integration of a massive penetration of electric vehicles(EVs)into energy *** study presents an assessment of various strategies for EV *** this analysis,the smart charging methodology proposed in a previous study is *** smart charging technique employs charging power rate modulation and considers user *** adopt several strategies,this study simulates the effect of these actions in a case study of a distribution system from the city of Quito,*** actions are simulated,and the EV aggregator costs and technical conditions are evaluated.

关键词： Electric vehicle(EV) smart grid aggregator smart charging charging power modulation charging strategies

ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS BUBBLES IN BIOLOGICAL TIESSURE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第1期21卷 47-64页

作者： CHAHINE Georges L. TANGUAY michel LORAINE Greg DYNAFLOW INC. 10621-J Iron Bridge Road Jessup Maryland 20794 USA

An acoustic based instrument, the ABS Acoustic Bubble Spectrometer@@（ABS）, was investigated for the detection and quantification of bubbles in biological media. These include viscoelastic media （blood）, materials of varying density （bone in tissue）, non-homogenous distribution of bubbles （intravenous bubbly flow）, and bubbles migrating in tissue （decompression sickness, DCS）. The performance of the ABS was demonstrated in a series of laboratory experiments. Validation of the code was performed using a viscoelastic polymer solution, Polyox, in which the bubble size distribution and void fraction were determined by ABS measurements and with image analysis of high speed videos. These tests showed that the accuracy of the ABS was not significantly affected by viscoelasticity for bubbles smaller than 200 microns. The ABS detection and measurement of non-homogenous bubble distributions was demonstrated using a bubbly flow through a simulated vein surrounded by tissue. The scatter of acoustic signals due to bones in the acoustic pathway was also investigated. These in-vitro experiments were done using meat （beef） as a tissue simulant. Decompression experiments were done using beef meat which was held underwater at high pressure （9.9 atm） then rapidly decompressed. Bubble size distributions and void fraction calculations in these experiments were then validated using image analysis of high speed video. In addition, preliminary experiments were performed with the US Navy Medical Research Center, demonstrating the utility of the modified ABS system in detecting the evolution of bubbles in swine undergoing decompression sickness （DCS）. These results indicate that the ABS may be used to detect and quantify the evolution of bubbles in-vivo and aid in the monitoring of DCS.

关键词： ABS Acoustic Bubble Spectrometer@@ (ABS) biological tissue decompression sickness (DCS)

Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 91-99页

作者： Gagne Francois Douville Melanie Fortier Marlene Fournier michel Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier

The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to a pathogenic bacteria and municipal effluent in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of an ozone-treated effluent at 15°C for 7 days. A sub-group of mussels was inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum and exposed to the same conditions as *** the exposure period, mussels were collected to assess hemocyte count and viability,immunocompetence（phagocytosis and nitrite production）, oxidative stress/inflammation（cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation） and oxygen radical/xenobiotic scavenging activity（metallothioniens, glutathione S-transferase）. The results showed that mussels exposed to municipal effluent had increased hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, nitrites, lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins. In the inoculated mussels, the same responses were observed, in addition to cyclooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Multivariate analyses revealed that（1）the response pattern changed with effluent concentration, where increased responses observed at low effluent concentrations（〉10%, V/V） were attenuated at higher effluent concentrations,（2）the effluent produced more pronounced changes in lipid peroxidation, metallothionein and hemocyte viability, and（3） the simultaneous presence of V. anguillarum led to more important changes in hemocyte count and viability and nitrite levels. In conclusion, the presence of *** could alter the response of mussels to municipal effluent, which could lead to increased inflammation in mussels.

关键词： Elliptio complanata Immunocompetence Oxidative stress Inflammation Vibrio anguillarum

2-Dimensional FEM modeling of macrosegregation in the directional solidification with mesh adaptation

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2009年第3期22卷 233-240页

作者： Weitao LIU Changchuan XIE michel Bellet Hervé Combeau Beijing Metallurgical Technology Research Institute CCTEC Engineering Corporation Limited Beijing 100081 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Ecole des Mines de Paris Sophia Antipolis 06904 France and Ecole des Mines de Nancy Nancy 54042France

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of macrosegregation channel, an algorithm for dynamic remeshing is proposed. The basic idea is to generate fine elements near the liquidus isotherm. The norm of the gradient of solid fraction is used for piloting the remeshing in the mushy zone; whereas, the objective mesh size in the liquid is considered as a function of the distance to the liquidus isotherm. The efficiency of mesh adaptation is demonstrated by prediction of macrosegregation channel in a case of unidirectional solidification.

关键词： Freckle Solidification Modeling Adaptive remeshing

Numerical simulation of benzene transport in shoreline groundwater affected by tides under different conditions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 83-95页

作者： Mahsa Kheirandish Chunjiang An Zhi Chen Xiaolong Geng michel Boufadel Department of Building Civil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealQC H3G 1M8Canada Center for Natural Resources Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark NJ 07102USA

The release and transport of benzene in coastal aquifers were investigated in the present *** simulations were implemented using the SEAM3D,coupled with GMS,to study the behavior of benzene in the subsurface of tidally influenced *** transport and fate of the benzene plume were simulated,considering advection,dispersion,sorption,biodegradation,and dissolution on the *** tide amplitudes,aquifer characteristics,and pollutant release locations were *** was found that the tide amplitude,hydraulic conductivity,and longitudinal dispersivity were the primary factors affecting the fate and transport of *** tidal amplitude influenced the transport speed and percentage of biodegradation of benzene plume in the beach.A high tidal range reduced the spreading area and enhanced the rate of benzene *** conductivity had an impact on plume residence time and the percentage of contaminant *** hydraulic conductivity induced longer residence time in each beach portion and a higher percentage of biodegradation on the *** plume dispersed and the concentration decreased due to high longitudinal *** results can be used to support future risk assessment and management for the shorelines impacted by spill and leaking *** the heterogeneous beach aquifer subjected to tides can also be further explored in the future study.

关键词： Numerical simulation Benzene Transport and fate Shoreline Groundwater Tide

Network Visualization in Cell Biology

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2012年第4期17卷 365-382页

作者： Kasper Dinkla michel A.Westenberg Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands

Many of the processes known to take place in biological cells are analyzed in the form of different types of network. The complexity of these networks increases along with our knowledge of these processes, making their analysis more difficult. Network visualization is a powerful analysis method that will have to be developed further to deal with this complexity. This survey provides a brief overview of network visualization in general, followed by an in-depth discussion of its application to three network types specific to cell biology, namely gene regulatory, protein interaction, and metabolic networks. Finally, we discuss the difficulty of visually integrating these network types and trying to compare networks of cells that belong to different organisms.

关键词： gene regulation metabolic network protein interaction visualization

High-frequency structure design and RF stability analysis of a 4-vane radio frequency quadrupole with pi-mode stabilizer loops

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第3期33卷 113-125页

作者： Xiao-Wen Zhu Claude Marchand Olivier Piquet michel Desmons IRFU CEAUniversite´Paris-Saclay91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

Compact accelerator-based neutron source facilities are garnering attention and play an important and expanding role in material and engineering sciences,as well as in neutron science education and *** are produced by bombarding a low-energy proton beam onto a beryllium or lithium *** such an acceleratorbased neutron source,a radio frequency quadrupole(RFQ)is usually utilized to accelerate a high-intensity proton beam to a few *** study mainly covers the highfrequency structure design optimizations of a 4-vane RFQ with pi-mode stabilizer loops(PISLs)and its RF stability analysis.A 176 MHz RFQ accelerator is designed to operate at a 10%duty factor and could accelerate an80 mA proton beam from 65 keV to 2.5 MeV within a length of 5.3 *** adoption of PISLs ensures high RF stability,eases the operation of the accelerator,and implies less stringent alignment and machining tolerances.

关键词： Accelerator-based neutron source 4-vane RFQ accelerator Pi-mode stabilizer loops Perturbative analysis Electromagnetic design Multipacting simulation