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Pathophysiology and prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第41期17卷 4545-4553页

作者： Willy Arung michel Meurisse Olivier Detry Department of General Surgery Cliniques Universitaires de LubumbashiUniversity of Lubumbashi Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation CHU de LiègeUniversity of Liege

Peritoneal adhesions represent an important clinical challenge in gastrointestinal surgery. Peritoneal adhesions are a consequence of peritoneal irritation by infection or surgical trauma, and may be considered as the pathological part of healing following any peritoneal injury, particularly due to abdominal surgery. The balance between fi brin deposition and degradation is critical in determining normal peritoneal healing or adhesion formation. Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are a major cause of morbidity resulting in multiple complications, many of which may manifest several years after the initial surgical procedure. In addition to acute small bowel obstruction, peritoneal adhesions may cause pelvic or abdominal pain, and infertility. In this paper, the authors reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis and various prevention strategies of adhesion formation, using Medline and PubMed search. Several preventive agents against postoperative peri-toneal adhesions have been investigated. Their role aims in activating fi brinolysis, hampering coagulation, diminishing the inflammatory response, inhibiting col-lagen synthesis or creating a barrier between adjacentwound surfaces. Their results are encouraging but most of them are contradictory and achieved mostly in animal model. Until additional fi ndings from future clinical researches, only a meticulous surgery can be recommended to reduce unnecessary morbidity and mortality rates from these untoward effects of surgery. In the current state of knowledge, pre-clinical or clini-cal studies are still necessary to evaluate the effective-ness of the several proposed prevention strategies of postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

关键词： Abdominal surgery Laparoscopy Complica-tion Occlusion Abdominal pain

On-chip light sources for silicon photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 79-91页

作者： Zhiping Zhou Bing Yin Jurgen michel State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Engineering and Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

Serving as the electrical to optical converter,the on-chip silicon light source is an indispensable component of silicon photonic technologies and has long been ***,we briefly review the history and recent progress of a few promising contenders for on-chip light sources in terms of operating wavelength,pump condition,power consumption,and fabrication ***,the performance of each contender is also assessed with respect to thermal stability,which is a crucial parameter to consider in complex optoelectronic integrated circuits(OEICs)and optical ***,III-V-based silicon(Si)lasers formed via bonding techniques demonstrate the best performance and display the best opportunity for commercial usage in the near ***,in the long term,direct hetero-epitaxial growth of III–V materials on Si seems more promising for low-cost,high-yield *** demonstration of high-performance quantum dot(QD)lasers monolithically grown on Si strongly forecasts its feasibility and enormous potential for on-chip *** superior temperature-insensitive characteristics of the QD laser promote this design in large-scale high-density *** Germanium(Ge)-on-Si laser is also competitive for large-scale monolithic integration in the *** with a III-V-based Si laser,the biggest potential advantage of a Ge-on-Si laser lies in its material and processing compatibility with Si ***,the versatility of Ge facilitates photon emission,modulation,and detection simultaneously with a simple process complexity and low cost.

关键词： on-chip light sources optical interconnections optoelectronic integrated circuit silicon photonics

Hepatitis C virus: Virology, diagnosis and management ofantiviral therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第17期13卷 2461-2466页

作者： Stéphane Chevaliez Jean-michel Pawlotsky French National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B C and deltaDepartment of Virology & INSERM U841 Henri Mondor Hospital University of Paris XII Créteil France

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 170 million individuals worldwide. Prevention of HCV infection complications is based on antiviral therapy with the combination of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin. The use of serological and virological tests has become essential in the management of HCV infection in order to diagnose infection, guide treatment decisions and assess the virological response to antiviral therapy. Anti- HCV antibody testing and HCV RNA testing are used to diagnose acute and chronic hepatitis C. The HCV genotype should be systematically determined before treatment, as it determines the indication, the duration of treatment, the dose of ribavirin and the virological monitoring procedure. HCV RNA monitoring during therapy is used to tailor treatment duration in HCV genotype 1 infection, and molecular assays are used to assess the end-of-treatment and, most importantly the sustained virological response, i.e. the endpoint of therapy.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus serological tests HepatitisC virus genotype HCV RNA quantification Interferon alpha Ri-bavirin-

Short, Medium, and Long-Term Stroke Mortality in Libreville and Associated Factors

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 39-50页

作者： Grass Aurelle Mambila Matsalou Jennifer Nyangui Mapaga Pupchen M. Gnigone Minka’a Pagbe Michael Chermine Mboumba Mboumba Christian Allognon Mahutondji Aissata Ibrahima Camara Annick A. Nsounda Nelly Diouf Mbourou michel-Arnaud Saphou-Damon Elsa Ayo Bivigou Philomene Kouna Ndouongo Neurology Department University Hospital of Libreville Libreville Gabon Cardiology Department University Hospitalof Libreville Libreville Gabon

Strokes are common around the world and especially in sub-Saharan Africa. They are responsible for severe sequelae and the majority of deaths. In Gabon, no study on stroke mortality has been conducted. Objective: To determine short, medium, long-term mortality and factors associated with long-term stroke mortality. Method: Our study took place in the Neurology Department of the University Hospital Center of Libreville (UHCL). It was a historical cohort study with descriptive and analytical purposes covering the period from June 1 to August 31, 2018 and taking into account hospitalized patients from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. We conducted a comprehensive systematic recruitment of patients with stroke, 18 years old and more, and had been agreed to give information. We included all patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The data was gathered using Epi-Info 7 software. The CHI-2 test was used for the comparison of frequencies and the Student’s test, for comparison of means. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression allowed us to look for factors associated with long-term mortality. A result was statistically significant for a p 0.05 value. Results: At 3 months, 28 patients (18.1%) died, at 6 months thirty-one patients or 20.1% died. At 5 years old, fifty-three patients or 34.4% had died. The factors associated with long-term mortality, if the lost of sight were all alive were tobacco (p = 0.01) and stroke (p = 0.008). If all those who were lost to sight had died, no factor was associated with 5-year mortality. Conclusion: Stroke mortality must not be taken for granted, it can be underestimated because of the large number of lost sight. Measures must be put in place to strengthen post-stroke monitoring. .

关键词： Stroke Mortality Associated Factors Libreville

Survey on Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Dakar Region

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 122-132页

作者： Djiby Sow Nafy Ndiaye Mouhamed Yakham Leye Fulgence A. Faye michel Assane Ndour Marie Joseph Gomis Fall Ndiouga Mouhamed Dieng Boundia Djiba Houleye Saou Ibrahima M. Diallo Demba Diédhiou Anna Sarr Mbaye Maimouna Ndour Abdoulaye Leye Clinique Mé dicale II Centre Hospitalier Abass Ndao UCAD Dakar Senegal Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Centre Hospitalier Pikine Dakar Senegal Department of Medicine Faculty of Health and Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of Bambey Bambey Senegal

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases constitute a major public health problem, due to their morbi-mortality. The aim was to study knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among residents of Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Our investigations were recruited over a six-month period (October 17, 2021 to March 21, 2022). Results: Two hundred and twenty-six (226) patients were enrolled. The mean age was 45.9 years. The under-40 age group was the most represented with 37.2%. There were 129 men (57.1%), giving a male/female sex ratio of 1.33. The highest level was represented by 159 people (70.4%). Those who responded (heart disease) were in the majority (38.1%). Hypertension was the most common CVD for 101 people (44.7%). One hundred and ninety (190) people (84%) knew the risk factors for CVD. Good knowledge of risk factors concerned 103 people (54.2%). Obesity was the best-known risk factor in 156 cases (69%). The media was the most important source of information for 121 people (53.5%). Hypertensives were the most represented with 8.4%. One hundred and thirty (130) people (57.5%) had previously paid attention to these FDRCVs. Awareness campaigns were the most effective means of communication for 170 cases (75.2%). Sixteen (16) people (35.6%) were taking antihypertensive medication. Walking was the most popular physical activity for 102 people (45%). People with a balanced diet were in the majority, with 174 respondents (77.0%). Conclusion: NCDs are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is essential to develop and implement a prevention and management program.

关键词： Hypertension Diabetes Risk Factors Senegal

Assessment of Technical and Economic Impacts of EV User Behavior on EV Aggregator Smart Charging

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第2期8卷 356-366页

作者： Jean-michel Clairand Javier Rodriguez-Garcia Carlosalvarez-Bel the Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de las Americas-Ecuador170122 QuitoEcuador the Institute for Energy Engineering Universitat Politecnica de Valencia46022 ValenciaSpain

The increase in global electricity consumption has made energy efficiency a priority for ***,there has been a focus on the efficient integration of a massive penetration of electric vehicles(EVs)into energy *** study presents an assessment of various strategies for EV *** this analysis,the smart charging methodology proposed in a previous study is *** smart charging technique employs charging power rate modulation and considers user *** adopt several strategies,this study simulates the effect of these actions in a case study of a distribution system from the city of Quito,*** actions are simulated,and the EV aggregator costs and technical conditions are evaluated.

关键词： Electric vehicle(EV) smart grid aggregator smart charging charging power modulation charging strategies

Tanned or Sunburned:How Excessive Light Triggers Plant Cell Death

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Molecular Plant 2020年第11期13卷 1545-1555页

作者： Stefano D'Alessandro Ines Beaugelin michel Havaux Aix-Marseille University CEACNRSUMR7265BIAMInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Singapore-CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy(SCARCE) School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering62 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637459Republic of Singapore

Plants often encounter light intensities exceeding the capacity of photosynthesis(excessive light)mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors,which lower C02 fixation and reduce light energy *** excessive light,the photosynthetic electron transport chain generates damaging molecules,hence leading to photooxidative stress and eventually to cell *** this review,we summarize the mechanisms linking the excessive absorption of light energy in chloroplasts to programmed cell death in plant *** highlight the importance of reactive carbonyl species generated by lipid photooxidation,their detoxification,and the integrating role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the adoption of phototolerance or cell-death ***,we invite the scientific community to standardize the conditions of excessive light treatments.

关键词： Arabidopsis photosynthesis excessive light photooxidative stress carotenoid plant cell death stress response

ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS BUBBLES IN BIOLOGICAL TIESSURE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第1期21卷 47-64页

作者： CHAHINE Georges L. TANGUAY michel LORAINE Greg DYNAFLOW INC. 10621-J Iron Bridge Road Jessup Maryland 20794 USA

An acoustic based instrument, the ABS Acoustic Bubble Spectrometer@@（ABS）, was investigated for the detection and quantification of bubbles in biological media. These include viscoelastic media （blood）, materials of varying density （bone in tissue）, non-homogenous distribution of bubbles （intravenous bubbly flow）, and bubbles migrating in tissue （decompression sickness, DCS）. The performance of the ABS was demonstrated in a series of laboratory experiments. Validation of the code was performed using a viscoelastic polymer solution, Polyox, in which the bubble size distribution and void fraction were determined by ABS measurements and with image analysis of high speed videos. These tests showed that the accuracy of the ABS was not significantly affected by viscoelasticity for bubbles smaller than 200 microns. The ABS detection and measurement of non-homogenous bubble distributions was demonstrated using a bubbly flow through a simulated vein surrounded by tissue. The scatter of acoustic signals due to bones in the acoustic pathway was also investigated. These in-vitro experiments were done using meat （beef） as a tissue simulant. Decompression experiments were done using beef meat which was held underwater at high pressure （9.9 atm） then rapidly decompressed. Bubble size distributions and void fraction calculations in these experiments were then validated using image analysis of high speed video. In addition, preliminary experiments were performed with the US Navy Medical Research Center, demonstrating the utility of the modified ABS system in detecting the evolution of bubbles in swine undergoing decompression sickness （DCS）. These results indicate that the ABS may be used to detect and quantify the evolution of bubbles in-vivo and aid in the monitoring of DCS.

关键词： ABS Acoustic Bubble Spectrometer@@ (ABS) biological tissue decompression sickness (DCS)

Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 91-99页

作者： Gagne Francois Douville Melanie Fortier Marlene Fournier michel Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier

The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to a pathogenic bacteria and municipal effluent in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of an ozone-treated effluent at 15°C for 7 days. A sub-group of mussels was inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum and exposed to the same conditions as *** the exposure period, mussels were collected to assess hemocyte count and viability,immunocompetence（phagocytosis and nitrite production）, oxidative stress/inflammation（cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation） and oxygen radical/xenobiotic scavenging activity（metallothioniens, glutathione S-transferase）. The results showed that mussels exposed to municipal effluent had increased hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, nitrites, lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins. In the inoculated mussels, the same responses were observed, in addition to cyclooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Multivariate analyses revealed that（1）the response pattern changed with effluent concentration, where increased responses observed at low effluent concentrations（〉10%, V/V） were attenuated at higher effluent concentrations,（2）the effluent produced more pronounced changes in lipid peroxidation, metallothionein and hemocyte viability, and（3） the simultaneous presence of V. anguillarum led to more important changes in hemocyte count and viability and nitrite levels. In conclusion, the presence of *** could alter the response of mussels to municipal effluent, which could lead to increased inflammation in mussels.

关键词： Elliptio complanata Immunocompetence Oxidative stress Inflammation Vibrio anguillarum