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The Design and Development of a Multi-Lingual Braille System Output Device with Audio Enhancement

j.urnal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第5期6卷 289-295页

作者： michel j. owayjan Taimour Z. Wehbe Elie Y. Bou Daher Omran A. Ayoub Department of Computer and Communications Engineering American University of Science & Technology Beirut Lebanon

Visually impaired people face difficulties in interacting and gaining full advantage of computers. Recently, and with the fast evolution in technology, researchers proposed to give the blinds the ability to take advantage of these advancements. Accordingly, designers and engineers started working on proj.cts that relate input and output devices to the computers in order for the blind individual to have full control of the hi-tech machines. However, investments in these kinds of hardware presented complexity in the design, in addition to the high cost imposed by the devices used. The proj.ct’s obj.ctive is to design and develop a Multi-Lingual Braille System Output Device for the visually impaired individuals that enable them to access and read texts from a computer. The device acquires both English or Arabic texts and displays them using controlled piezoelectric Braille cells. It also has the ability to produce a sound that matches the displayed characters. The control of the cells is done via Programmable Interface Controller (PIC) microcontroller. The interaction between the device and the computer is done through the Universal Serial Bus (USB). C# is the language used to write the program responsible for controlling this interaction. The continuous development of such devices is essential for the visually impaired to keep up with the technological advancements. The main advantages of this system are its low cost, the added multi-lingual, and the audio features. In addition, many features can be added so as to satisfy the users’ needs, such as adding new languages and Grade 2 Braille System.

关键词： Assistive Technologies Braille Devices Computer Peripheral Parts Low-Vision Aiding Systems Rehabilitation Engineering

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Human Eosinophil Cell Manipulation by Optical Tweezers

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Open j.urnal of Biophysics 2024年第3期14卷 330-338页

作者： Pavel Yale j.an michel Edoukoua Konin Abadê Ange-Boris N’guessan michel Abaka Kouacou j.rémie T. Zoueu Laboratoire dInstrumentation Image et Spectroscopie (L2IS) Institut National Polytechnique Houphout-Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de Chimie et de Physique Appliques Sciences et Techniques Universit Alassane Ouattara Bouak Cte dIvoire

In this work, lateral deformation of human eosinophil cell during the lateral indentation by an optically trapped microbead of diameter 4.5 µm is studied. The images were captured using a CCD camera and the Boltzmann statistics method was used for force calibration. Using the Hertz model, we calculated and compared the elastic moduli resulting from the lateral force, showing that the differences are important and the force should be considered. Besides the lateral component, the setup also allows us to examine the lateral cell-bead interaction. The mean values of the properties obtained, in particular the elastic stiffness and the shear stiffness, were Eh = (37.76 ± 2.85) µN/m and Gh = (12.57 ± 0.32) µN/m. These results show that the lateral indentation can therefore be used as a routine method for cell study, because it enabled us to manipulate the cell without contact with the laser.

关键词： Optical Tweezers Human Eosinophil Cell Indentation Shear Stiffness

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Magnetron co-sputtering synthesis and nanoindentation studies of nanocrystalline(TiZrHf)_(x)(NbTa)_(1–x)high-entropy alloy thin films

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 4873-4879页

作者： Changj.n Cheng Xiaofu Zhang michel j.R.Haché Yu Zou Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology and Center for Excellence in Superconducting ElectronicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200050China

Refractory high-entropy alloys(HEAs)possess many useful properties such as high strength and high-temperature *** far,most studies on refractory HEAs have been limited to a few well-known compositions and on their coarse-grain bulk *** we fabricate nanocrystalline(TiZrHf)_(x)(NbTa)_(1−x)HEA thin films with a large range of compositions(x=0.07–0.90)by the direct current(DC)magnetron co-sputtering technique and measure their mechanical properties using the nanoindentation *** the as-deposited HEA thin films show a solid-solution body-centered cubic(bcc)*** the compositional ratio(x)increases,the elastic modulus decreases from 153 to 123 GPa,following the trend of the rule of *** x increases,the hardness first decreases from 6.5 GPa(x=0.07)to the lowest value(4.6 GPa,x=0.48)and then increases to the highest value(7.1 GPa,x=0.90),showing a concave *** change in hardness might be attributed to the combinational influence caused by the atomic size and modulus effects,as well as the texture *** authors also propose a few open questions for future studies on this and related HEA systems.

关键词： high-entropy alloys nanocrystalline alloys refractory metals thin films magnetron co-sputtering nanoindentation

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A comparative study of the sorption of O-PAHs and PAHs onto soils to understand their transport in soils and groundwater

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 61-75页

作者： W.Almouallem j.michel S.Dorge C.j.yeux G.Trouve D.Le Nouen French National Institute for Industrial and Environment and Risks Direction Sites&TerritoiresVerneuil en HalatteF-60550France University of Haute-Alsace Laboratoire Gestion des Risques et Environnement(LGRE)UR2334MulhouseFrance University of Strasbourg 67000 StrasbourgFrance University of Haute-Alsace Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications(LIMA)UMR 7042 CNRSMulhouseFrance

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their oxygenated derivates(O-PAHs)are identified in soils and groundwater of industrialized sites and contribute to the risk for Humans and the ***,data are scarce in literature concerning their retention and transfer in soils and no soil-water partition coefficients are available for these *** of two PAHs,fluorene and acenaphthene and two O-PAHs,9H-fluorenone and dibenzofuran onto two soils with different organic carbon contents was evaluated and compared by determining their sorption *** of ionic strength and liquid to solid ratio,on fluorene and fluorenone sorption was also *** equilibrium is achieved within less than 24 hr of mixing and linear sorption models best fit the isotherm *** and dibenzofuran are similarly sorbed onto the *** of fluorene is higher than the one of fluorenone,showing a smaller affinity of fluorenone towards the solid *** means that O-PAH could form larger contamination plumes in groundwater than *** the L/S ratio from 100 to 50 and 30,increases the sorption of fluorenone onto the soil by 56% and 67%respectively,while the sorption of fluorene is slightly *** the ionic strength of the aqueous phase also modifies the sorption of fluorenone,contrary to the sorption of fluorene which is slightly affected.

关键词： PAHs O-PAHs Contaminated soils Groundwater Sorption Kinetics Isotherms

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Experimental investigations of transient pressure variations in a high head model Francis turbine during start-up and shutdown

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j.urnal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第2期26卷 277-290页

作者： TRIVEDI Chirag CERVANTES michel j. GANDHI B.K. OLE DAHLHAUG G. Division of Fluid and Experimental Mechanics Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Lule? University of Technology Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Water Power Laboratory Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Penetration of the power generated using wind and solar energy to electrical grid network causing several incidents of the grid tripping, power outage, and frequency drooping. This has increased restart （star-stop） cycles of the hydroelectric turbines significantly since grid connected hydroelectric turbines are widely used to manage critical conditions of the grid. Each cycle induces significant stresses due to unsteady pressure loading on the runner blades. The presented work investigates the pressure loading to a high head （ He = 377 m, De = 1.78 m） Francis turbine during start-stop. The measurements were carried out on a scaled model turbine （HM = 12.5 m, DM = 0.349 m）. Total four operating points were considered. At each operating point, three schemes of guide vanes opening and three schemes of guide vanes closing were investigated. The results show that total head variation is up to 9% during start-stop of the turbine. On the runner blade, the maximum pressure amplitudes are about 14 kPa and 16 kPa from the instantaneous mean value of 121 kPa during rapid start-up and shutdown, respectively, which are about 1.5 times larger than that of the slow start-up and shutdown. Moreover, the maximum pressure fluctuations are given at the blade trailing edge.

关键词： Francis turbine pressure fluctuations start-up shutdown transient

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Resolution of phylogenetic relationships of the maj.r subfamilies of the Delphacidae （Homoptera： Fulgoroidea） using the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA

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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 167-177页

作者： EDDY DIj.STRA michel A. SLOTMAN RORY j. POST Biosystematics Group Wageningen University the Netherlands The Natural History Museum London UK

Delphacid relationships from the genus level to the subfamily have been completely resolved （among those taxa examined） using sequence data from the 3＇ end of the 12S gene. Monophyly of the non-asiracine subfamilies was strongly supported and the asiracine Ugyops was placed in the most basal position of the tree. Support levels for monophyly of the Delphacini increased after weighting transversions more heavily than transitions and after removing the cixiid outgroup from the dataset. Among the Delphacini, Conomelus and Megamelus were more closely related to each other than either was to Chloriona. These results are in agreement with the tree based on morphological characters. However, in contrast to morphological data our results strongly supported a sister group relationship between the Stenocraninae and the Kelisiinae. Although the 12S gene fragment gave some information about the species relationships within Chloriona, neither this fragment nor the 5＇ end of the 16S gene appear to be very useful for this level. Molecular evolutionary patterns provided evidence that there has been a shift in base composition from T to A during the early evolution of the non-Asiracinae. The non-Asiracinae also had comparatively fast substitution rates and these two observations are possibly correlated. In the ‘ modem＇ delphacid Chloriona, the AT content was comparatively low in regions free of constraints but this was not the case for ‘ non-modem＇ delphacids. The tRNA for valine has been translocated elsewhere, probably before the Delphacidae and Cixiidae diverged from each other.

关键词： classification Delphacidae evolution Fulgoroidea Homoptera rnitochondrial DNA phylogeny ribosomal DNA

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Experimental investigation of flow pattern and sediment deposition in rectangular shallow reservoirs

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International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2010年第3期25卷 258-270页

作者： Matthieu DUFRESNE Benj.min j. DEWALS Sébastien ERPICUM Pierre ARCHAMBEAU michel PIROTTON University of Liège (ULg) ArGEnCO department MS2F sector Hydrology applied hydrodynamics and hydraulic constructions (HACH) Chemin des chevreuils 1 bat B52/3 étage +1 4000 Liège Belgium University of Liège (ULg) ArGEnCO department MS2F sector Hydrology applied hydrodynamics and hydraulic constructions (HACH) Chemin des chevreuils 1 bat B52/3 étage +1 4000 Liège Belgium.

This paper reports the experimental investigation of flow pattern, preferential regions of deposition and trap efficiency as a function of the length of rectangular shallow reservoirs. Four flow patterns were identified (from longer to shorter reservoirs): an asymmetric flow with two reattachment points, an asymmetric flow with one reattachment point, an unstable flow, and a symmetric flow without any reattachment point. Using dye visualizations, the median value and the temporal variability of the reattachment lengths were precisely measured for the asymmetric flows. For each stable flow, sediment tests with plastic particles were carried out. The regions of deposition on the bed of the reservoir were clearly a function of the flow pattern. The transition from an asymmetric flow pattern to a symmetric flow pattern was responsible for an abrupt decrease of the trap efficiency; a number of regression laws were discussed to take it into account.

关键词： Deposition Flow patterns Reservoirs Sediment Shallow water

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Pancreatic cancer survival trends in the US from 2001 to 2014:a CONCORD-3 study

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Cancer Communications 2023年第1期43卷 87-99页

作者： Maj. Nikšić Pamela Minicozzi Hannah K Weir Heather Zimmerman Maria j.Schymura j.dith R Rees michel P Coleman Claudia Allemani 无 Cancer Survival Group Department of Non-Communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUK Centre for Health Services Studies University of KentCanterbury CT27NFUK Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA 30333USA Montana Central Tumor Registry Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion BureauPO Box 2029511400 BroadwayHelenaMT 59620-2951USA Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology New York State Cancer RegistryNew York State Department of Health150 BroadwayAlbanyNY 12204-2719USA New Hampshire State Cancer Registry Norris Cotton Cancer Centerand Department of EpidemiologyGeisel School of MedicineDartmouth CollegeDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterOne Medical Center DriveLebanonNH 03756USA Cancer Division University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust250 Euston RoadLondon NW12PGUK US CONCORDWorking Group

Background:Survival from pancreatic cancer is low *** the US,the 5-year relative survival has been slightly higher for women,whites and younger patients than for their counterparts,and differences in age and stage at diagnosis[Corrections added Nov 16,2022,after first online publication:a new affiliation is added to Maj. Nikšić]may contribute to this *** aimed to examine trends in survival by race,stage,age and sex for adults(15-99 years)diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the ***:This population-based study included 399,427 adults registered with pancreatic cancer in 41 US state cancer registries during 2001-2014,with followup to December 31,*** estimated age-specific and age-standardized net survival at 1 and 5 ***:Overall,12.3%of patients were blacks,and 84.2%were *** 9.5%of patients were diagnosed with localized disease,but 50.5%were diagnosed at an advanced stage;slightly more among blacks,mainly among *** substantial changes were seen over time(2001-2003,2004-2008,2009-2014).In general,1-year net survival was higher in whites than in blacks(26.1%vs.22.1%during 2001-2003,35.1%vs.31.4%during 2009-2014).This difference was particularly evident among patients with localized disease(49.6%in whites vs.44.6%in blacks during 2001-2003,60.1%vs.55.3%during 2009-2014).The survival gap between blacks and whites with localized disease was persistent at 5 years after diagnosis,and it widened over time(from 24.0%vs.21.3%during 2001-2003 to 39.7%vs.31.0%during 2009-2014).The survival gap was wider among men than among ***:Gaps in 1-and 5-year survival between blacks and whites were persistent throughout 2001-2014,especially for patients diagnosed with a localized tumor,for which surgery is currently the only treatment modality with the potential for cure.

关键词： pancreatic cancer race/ethnicity stage net survival population-based cancer registries

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Cellular Auxin Homeostasis： Gatekeeping Is Housekeeping

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 772-786页

作者： michel Ruiz Rosquete Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Applied Life Sciences and Natural Resources (BOKU) 1190 Vienna Austria Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University 9052 Gent Belgium

The phytohormone auxin is essential for plant development and contributes to nearly every aspect of the plant life cycle. The spatio-temporal distribution of auxin depends on a complex interplay between auxin metabolism and cell-to-cell auxin transport. Auxin metabolism and transport are both crucial for plant development; however, it largely remains to be seen how these processes are integrated to ensure defined cellular auxin levels or even gradients within tissues or organs. In this review, we provide a glance at very diverse topics of auxin biology, such as biosynthesis, conj.gation, oxidation, and transport of auxin. This broad, but certainly superficial, overview highlights the mutual importance of auxin metabolism and transport. Moreover, it allows pinpointing how auxin metabolism and transport get integrated to j.intly regulate cellular auxin homeostasis. Even though these processes have been so far only separately studied, we assume that the phytohormonal crosstalk integrates and coordinates auxin metabolism and transport. Besides the integrative power of the global hormone signaling, we additionally introduce the hypothetical concept considering auxin transport components as gatekeepers for auxin responses.

关键词： auxin conj.gation auxin homeostasis auxin metabolism auxin transport.

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Pyrenetetraone-based covalent organic framework as an effective electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 3907-3912页

作者： Paloma Garcia-Arroyo Emiliano Martinez-Perinan j.rge j.Cabrera-Truj.llo Elena Salagre Enrique G.michel j.se I.Martinez Encarnacion Lorenzo j.se L.Segura Departamento de Quimica Organica I Facultad de CC.QuimicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Departamento de Quimica Analitica y Analisis Instrumental Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain Condensed Matter Physics Center(IFIMAC) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain Departamento de Nanoestructuras SuperficiesRecubrimientos y Astrofisica MolecularInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid(ICMMCSIC)28049 MadridSpain Instituto Madrileno de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia(IMDEA-Nanociencia) 28049 MadridSpain Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences(IAdChem) Universidad Autonoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain

A novel porous and crystalline two-dimensional(2D)electrochemically active covalent organic framework(COF)based on ortho-quinone units has been prepared as an innovative approach towards the development of organic cathode materials with multiple redox sites as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).In contrast with most of the previously reported COFs as electrocatalysts for the ORR,the electrocatalytic application of this material towards ORR has been investigated without adding any metal or conductive supporting material and avoiding any additional carbonization ***,the electrochemical properties of the COF material have been compared with two analogue amorphous frameworks with similar chemical composition,which points out the important role of the enhanced crystallinity and porosity of the COF network in its superior performance as an electrocatalyst towards ORR.

关键词： electrocatalysis oxygen reduction reaction metal free pyrenetetraone covalent organic framework

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