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Preoperative physiological esophageal assessment for anti-reflux surgery:A guide for surgeons on high-resolution manometry and pH testing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第16期27卷 1751-1769页

作者： Michael Yodice Alexandra Mignucci Virali Shah Christopher Ashley micheal Tadros Department of Gastroenterology Albany Medical CollegeAlbanyNY 12208United States Section of Gastroenterology Stratton VA Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States Department of Gastroenterology Albany Medical CenterSchenectadyNY 12309United States

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most commonlyencountered digestive diseases in the world, with the prevalence continuing toincrease. Many patients are successfully treated with lifestyle modifications andproton pump inhibitor therapy, but a subset of patients require more aggressiveintervention for control of their symptoms. Surgical treatment with fundoplicationis a viable option for patients with GERD, as it attempts to improve the integrityof the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). While surgery can be as effective asmedical treatment, it can also be associated with side effects such as dysphagia,bloating, and abdominal pain. Therefore, a thorough pre-operative assessment iscrucial to select appropriate surgical candidates. Newer technologies arebecoming increasingly available to help clinicians identify patients with true LESdysfunction, such as pH-impedance studies and high-resolution manometry(HRM). Pre-operative evaluation should be aimed at confirming the diagnosis ofGERD, ruling out any major motility disorders, and selecting appropriate surgicalcandidates. HRM and pH testing are key tests to consider for patients with GERDlike symptoms, and the addition of provocative measures such as straight legraises and multiple rapid swallows to HRM protocol can assess the presence ofunderlying hiatal hernias and to test a patient’s peristaltic reserve prior tosurgery.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Fundoplication High resolution manometry pH-impedance Anti-reflux surgery Pre-operative assessment

Host plant selection of Chrysolina clathrata （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） from Mpumalanga, South Africa

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Insect Science 2009年第1期16卷 81-88页

作者： Robert S. Boyd micheal A. Davis Michael A. Wall Kevin Balkwill Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA C.E. Moss Herbarium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 WITS 2050 Johannesburg South Africa

Hyperaccumulated elements such as Ni may defend plants against some natural enemies whereas other enemies may circumvent this defense. The Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii Roessler （Asteraceae） is a host plant species for Chrysolina clathrata （Clark）, which suffers no apparent harm by consuming its leaf tissue. Beetle specimens collected from B. coddii had a whole body Ni concentration of 260μg/g dry weight, despite consuming leaf material containing 15 100μg Ni/g. Two experiments were conducted with adults of this beetle species： a no-choice experiment and a choice experiment. In the nochoice experiment we offered beetles foliage of one of four speeies ofBerkheya： B. coddii, B. rehmannii Thell. var. rogersiana Thell., B. echinacea （Harv.） O. Hoffm. ex Burtt Davey, and B. insignis （Harv.） Thell. The two former species are Ni hyperaccumulators （defined as having leafNi concentration 〉 1 000 μg/g） whereas the latter have low Ni levels （〈 200 μg/g） in their leaves. Masses of beetles were monitored for 6 days. Choice experiments used growing stem tips from the same Berkheya species, placed into Petri dishes with five Chrysolina beetles in each, and the amount of feeding damage caused on each of the four species was recorded. Beetles in the no-choice experiment gained mass when offered B. coddii, maintained mass on leaves of the other Ni hyperaccumulator （B. rehmannii var. rogersiana）, and lost mass when offered non-hyperaccumulator leaves. In the choice test, beetles strongly preferred B. coddii to other Berkheya species. We conclude that C. clathrata may be host-specific on B. coddii.

关键词： Berkheya coddii bioaccumulation heavy metals host plant specialist nickel

The effects of tobacco taxation and pricing on the prevalence of smoking in Africa

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 364-373页

作者： Mustapha Immurana micheal Kofi Boachie Abdul-Aziz Iddrisu Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana Department of Health Policy Planning and Management School of Public HealthUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana Banking Technology and Finance Department Kumasi Technical UniversityKumasiGhana

Background:Tobacco use continues to kill millions of people globally,making it one of the major causes of preventable ***,there has been a very marginal fall in the prevalence of tobacco smoking in *** taxes(hence prices)are part of the main measures suggested to decrease the demand for tobacco products,this study investigates how tobacco taxation and pricing influence the prevalence of smoking in 24 African ***:Using panel data on 24 African countries sourced from the World Health Organization(WHO)and the World Bank databases for the period 2010 to 2016,this study employs the system Generalized Method of Moments(GMM)estimator to investigate the effects of tobacco taxation and pricing on the prevalence of *** system GMM estimator is used due its ability to deal with potential endogeneity of tobacco taxation and pricing:the likelihood that the prevalence of smoking can influence tobacco taxation and pricing which may lead to biased ***:Tobacco taxation and pricing have negative significant effects on the prevalence of smoking among the selected countries after controlling for growth of Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita,urbanization,death rate and net inflows of Foreign Direct Investment(FDI).Specifically,a percentage increase in tobacco price is found to decrease the prevalence of smoking by between 0.11 to 0.14%,while a percentage increase in tobacco tax decreases the prevalence of smoking by between 0.25 to 0.36%,all at 1%level of ***:Since tobacco taxation and pricing are found to have negative significant effects on the prevalence of smoking,the implication is that,their use can be intensified by African policy makers towards achieving the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)recommended targets and hence decrease the prevalence of tobacco smoking in *** so may therefore help in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)3.5(prevention and treatment of

关键词： Africa Price Smoking prevalence Taxes Tobacco

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Hepatic Sarcoidosis

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2013年第2期1卷 87-93页

作者： micheal Tadros Faripour Forouhar George Y.Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CTUSA Department of Anatomic Pathology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT USA

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in affected *** involvement is the most common site of disease ***,hepatic involvement is also common in sarcoidosis,occurring in up to 70% of *** patients with liver involvement are ***,the majority of cases are discovered incidentally,frequently by the finding of elevated liver *** in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen,fatigue,pruritus,and jaundice may be associated with liver *** hypertension and cirrhosis are complications linked to long-standing hepatic *** biopsy is usually required to confirm the *** is important to differentiate hepatic sarcoidosis from other autoimmune and granulomatous liver *** all cases of hepatic sarcoidosis require *** symptomatic patients,the first line treatment includes corticosteroids or ursodeoxycholic *** immunosuppressant agents can be used as second line ***,severe cases require liver transplantation.

关键词： Sarcoid Granuloma Epitheloid

4D Design and Simulation Technologies and Process Design Patterns to Support Lean Construction Methods

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 179-184页

作者： Manfred Breit Manfred Vogel Fritz Hubi Fabian Mrki micheal Raps i4Ds University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland

The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial findings suggest that Process Design Pattern may have the potential to intuitively support ICT based lean construction. We initiated a 'Process Archeology' in order to reveal the requirements for tools that can support the planning, simulation and control of lean construction methods. First findings show that existing tools provide only limited support and therefore, we started to develop new methodologies and technologies to overcome these shortcomings. Through the introduction of Process Design Patterns, we intent to establish process thinking in the interdisciplinary POP design. Optimized construction processes may be synthesized with semi-automatic methods by applying Process Design Patterns on building structures. By providing process templates that integrate problem solution and expert knowledge, Process Design Patterns may have the potential to ensure high quality process models.

关键词： 4D design process and organization modeling and simulation process design patterns lean construction methods

Large-area nanopatterned graphene for ultrasensitive gas sensing

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Nano Research 2014年第5期7卷 743-754页

作者： Alberto Cagliani David micheal Angus Mackenzie Lisa Katharina Tschammer Filippo Pizzocchero Kristoffer Almdal Peter Boggild DTU Nanotech-Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology Technical University ofDenmark Building 345 ~rsteds Plads 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark

Chemical vapor deposited （CVD） graphene is nanopatterned using a spherical block copolymer etch mask. The use of spherical rather than cylindrical block copolymers allows homogeneous patterning of cm-scale areas without any substrate surface treatment. Raman spectroscopy was used to study the con- trolled generation of point defects in the graphene lattice with increasing etching time, confirming that alongside the nanomesh patterning, the nanopatterned CVD graphene presents a high defect density between the mesh holes. The nanopatterned samples showed sensitivities for NO2 of more than one order of magnitude higher than for non-patterned graphene. NO2 concentrations as low as 300 ppt were detected with an ultimate detection limit of tens of ppt. This is the smallest value reported so far for non-UV illuminated graphene chemiresistive NO2 gas sensors. The dramatic improvement in the gas sensitivity is believed to be due to the high adsorption site density, thanks to the combination of edge sites and point defect sites. This work opens the possibility of large area fabrication of nanopatterned graphene with extremely high densities of adsorption sites for sensing applications.

关键词： graphene gas sensor nitrogen dioxide nanopatteming defects

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激光激发等离子体中的光吸收实验(英文)

核聚变与等离子体物理 2001年第4期21卷 215-223页

作者：郑永真 Tondell G micheal Xie 核工业西南物理研究院成都610041 GET研究中心美国达拉斯tx75038

利用两个激光等离子体相互作用获得离子的吸收光谱的技术已得到很大改善。实验中采用了新的信号检测系统和新的数据处理技术。此实验技术已成功地应用到对瞬态的中等Z离子的吸收谱的测量。获得了BeⅣ、BeⅢ、BeⅡ和BeⅠ离子的 1s电子的... 详细信息

利用两个激光等离子体相互作用获得离子的吸收光谱的技术已得到很大改善。实验中采用了新的信号检测系统和新的数据处理技术。此实验技术已成功地应用到对瞬态的中等Z离子的吸收谱的测量。获得了BeⅣ、BeⅢ、BeⅡ和BeⅠ离子的 1s电子的吸收谱及相关的软X射线范围内的光电离谱。简要地讨论了实验得到的碳离子的初步结果。

关键词：光吸收实验吸收光谱光电离子谱等离子体激光相互作用测量

Metal concentrations of insects associated with the South African Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii （Asteraceae）

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Insect Science 2006年第2期13卷 85-102页

作者： ROBERT S. BOYD micheal A. DAVIS MICHAEL A. WALL KEVIN BALKWILL Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego USA C.E. Moss Herbarium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand South Africa

The high levels of some metals in metal hyperaccumulator plants may be transferred to insect associates. We surveyed insects collected from the South African Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii to document whole-body metal concentrations （Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn）. We also documented the concentrations of these metals in leaves, stems and inflorescences, finding extremely elevated levels of Ni （4 700-16 000μg/g） and high values （5-34μg/g） for Co, Cr, and Pb. Of 26 insect morphotypes collected from B. coddii, seven heteropterans, one coleopteran, and one orthopteran contained relatively high concentrations of Ni （〉 500μg/g）. The large number of high-Ni heteropterans adds to discoveries of others （from California USA and New Caledonia） and suggests that members of this insect order may be particularly Ni tolerant. Nymphs of the orthopteran （Stenoscepa） contained 3 500 μg Ni/g, the greatest Ni concentration yet reported for an insect. We also found two beetles with elevated levels of Mg （〉 2 800 μg/g）, one beetle with elevated Cu （〉 70 μg/g） and one heteropteran with an elevated level of Mn （〉 200 μg/g）. Our results show that insects feeding on a Ni hyperaccumulator can mobilize Ni into food webs, although we found no evidence of Ni biomagnification in either herbivore or carnivore insect taxa. We also conclude that some insects associated with hyperaccumulators can contain Ni levels that are high enough to be toxic to vertebrates.

关键词： Berkheya coddii biomagnification food webs heavy metals hyperaccumulation,South Africa

Colorectal cancer screening in the COVID-19 era

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第4期13卷 238-251页

作者： Anusri Kadakuntla Tiffany Wang Karen Medgyesy Enxhi Rrapi James Litynski Gillian Adynski micheal Tadros Albany Medical College Albany Medical CollegeAlbanyNY 12208United States Division of Gastroenterology Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States National Clinician Scholars Program Duke University School of NursingDurhamNC 27710United States

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most diagnosed form of cancer and second most deadly cancer *** of better screening has improved both incidence and ***,as the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic began,healthcare resources were shunted away from cancer screening services resulting in a sharp decrease in CRC screening and a backlog of patients awaiting screening *** may have significant effects on CRC cancer mortality,as delayed screening may lead to advanced cancer at *** to overcome COVID-19 related disruption include utilizing stool-based cancer tests,developing screening protocols based on individual risk factors,expanding telehealth,and increasing open access *** this review,we will summarize the effects of COVID-19 on CRC screening,the potential longoutcomes,and ways to adapt CRC screening during this global pandemic.

关键词： Colorectal cancer COVID-19 Colonoscopy Early detection of cancer Diagnostic screening programs Mass screening