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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 396-415页

作者： Heinz-Jürgen brink Independent Researcher Hannover Germany

The rotation of the Earth and the related length of the day (LOD) are predominantly affected by tidal dissipation through the Moon and the growth of the Earth’s core. Due to the increased concentration of mass around the rotation axis of the spinning Earth during the growth of the core the rotation should have been accelerated. Controversially the tidal dissipation by the Moon, which is mainly dependent on the availability of open shallow seas and the kind of Moon escape from a nearby position, acts towards a deceleration of the rotating Earth. Measurements of LOD for Phanerozoic and Precambrian times open ways to solve questions concerning the geodynamical history of the Earth. These measurements encompass investigations of growth patterns in fossils and depositional patterns in sediments (Cyclostratigraphy, Tidalites, stromatolites, Rhythmites). These patterns contain information on the LOD and on the changing distance between Earth and Moon and can be used as well for a discussion about the growth of the Earth’s core. By updating an older paper with its simple approach as well as incorporating newly published results provided by the geoscientific community, a moderate to fast growth of the core in a hot early Earth will be favored controversially to the assumption of a delayed development of the core in an originally cold Earth. Core development with acceleration of Earth’s rotation and the contemporaneous slowing down due to tidal dissipation during the filling of the ocean may significantly interrelate.

关键词： Length of the Day Moon Distance Phanerozoic Geodynamic Cycles Tidal Dissipation Earth’s Core

Are Off-Field Activities an Underestimated Risk for Hamstring Injuries in Dutch Male Amateur soccer Players?An Exploratory Analysis of a Prospective Cohort study

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Journal of science in sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 28-36页

作者： Jur J.Brauers Peter Alexander van de Hoef Maarten van smeden Frank J.G.Backx miche. s.brink Department of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy Science and SportsUtrecht UniversityUniversity Medical Center UtrechtBrain CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands Julius Center for Health sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands Center for Human Movement sciences University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore what extent male amateur soccer players participate in off-field activities and whether these off-field activities are associated with the development of hamstring *** Amateur soccer players(n=399)from first-class selection teams(n=32)filled out a baseline screening question-naire concerning off-field activities(i.e.,work and study type and hours,traveling time,sleep,energy costs,and time spent on other activities)and their history of hamstring injury as a part of a cluster-randomized controlled *** one competition,the players reported weekly their hamstring injuries,which were verified by medical/technical ***-able Firth corrected logistic regression models were used to explore associations between off-field activities and hamstring *** sixty-five hamstring injuries were *** injury was significantly associated with hamstring injuries(OR ranging from 1.94[95%CI 1.45-2.61]to 2.02[95%CI 1.49-2.73]),but off-field activities were *** Although amateur soccer players spent a relatively large amount of time on off-field activities,we did not find off-field activities measured at baseline to be associated with hamstring injuries in the subsequent competitive soccer *** contrast,previous hamstring injury was found to be strongly associated with(recurrent)hamstring injuries.

关键词： Risk factors Activities of daily living Psychosocial factors Football Athletic injuries

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原意主义解释与建构主义解释

法律方法

法律方法 2024年第3期 237-261页

作者： [美]大卫·布林克何俊毅(译) 加州大学圣地亚哥分校哲学系圣地亚哥大学法学院圣地亚哥大学法学院法律与哲学研究所西北师范大学法学院

德沃金的法律解释主张可以被认为是一种原意主义法律解释。其认为法律条文意在表达道德或政治原则,为此需遵循语义原意或制宪者意图。法院应根据基本原则和法律规则解释法律,法律原则和法律规则都是语义开放的。法律解释必须确立基本概... 详细信息

德沃金的法律解释主张可以被认为是一种原意主义法律解释。其认为法律条文意在表达道德或政治原则,为此需遵循语义原意或制宪者意图。法院应根据基本原则和法律规则解释法律,法律原则和法律规则都是语义开放的。法律解释必须确立基本概念的最佳观念。制宪者同时具有具体意图和抽象意图,宪法裁决应恪守其抽象意图。对宪法解释要进行原意主义限制,将这种限制作为能够为政治道德提供宪法解释和司法审查的方式。原意主义必须考虑制宪者的语义意图。原则原意主义是建构性解释的重要组成部分。

关键词：原意主义语义假设制宪者意图原则原意主义建构性解释

Thermo-Mechanical Influence on the Internal Friction of a 51CrV4 shaft

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第11期29卷 131-135页

作者： J.Göken I.s.Golovin T.s.Andrianova K.steinhoff H.brink Faculty of Maritime studies University of Applied Sciences Emden-LeerBergmannstrasse 3626789 LeerGermany Department of Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals National Research Technological University'MISIS'119049MoscowLeninskiy Prospekt 4Russia Chair of Metal Forming Technology University of KasselKurt-Wolters-Str.334125 KasselGermany

The influence of simultaneously applied mechanical and thermal treatment is used for producing a geometrically complex shaft from 51CrV4 steel resulting in widely differing formations of ***'properties such as internal friction(IF),hardness and electrical resistivity are affected by this change of microstructure *** snoek–Koster peak is identified and analyzed in the actual steel structure.

关键词： 51CrV4 structure steel

Past,present and future of industrial plantation forestry and implication on future timber harvesting technology

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 339-351页

作者： Andrew McEwan Enrico Marchi Raffaele spinelli Michal brink Department of Agriculture Food and Forest SystemsFlorence UniversityVia San Bonaventura1350145 FlorenceItaly school of Natural Resource Management Nelson Mandela Metropolitan UniversityGeorge CampusGeorgeSouth Africa Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto per la BioEconomiaVia Madonna del Piano 10Sesto FiorentinoItaly Australian Forest Operations Research Alliance University of the Sunshine CoastLocked Bag 4Maroochydore DCQLD 4558Australia University of Pretoria Private Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Plantation forests are established,and expanding,to satisfy increasing global demand for timber *** societal values,such as safety,productivity,environmental,quality and social are influencing the plantation forestry *** is primarily driven through an ever increasing world population,which in turn influences the way nations view the value systems by which they *** people require more resources-also forest ***,the availability of information is influencing the pace of technological *** changes could result in a difference in the management of plantations that could affect the forest engineering systems of the *** review aimed to summarize the current status of plantation forests;summarize future developments and possible scenarios in forest plantation management for the various products;and assess whether these developments in a plantation environment could affect the harvesting systems *** influencing the form of plantations include the type and nature of the plantation owner;the change in demand for different and new forest products;climate change factors,including the use of biomass for energy,carbon sequestration and trading;ecosystem services and other products and services;and sustainability certification of forest *** impact and influence of these factors were summarised into a series of key drivers that will influence the technology used in harvesting machines,as well as the choice of harvesting machines,systems and *** drivers were the effect of variations in tree size,the expansion of plantation areas onto more difficult terrain,diversity in plantation design,increased attention towards site impacts and the increased use of biomass for *** information is provided regarding how the harvesting systems could be affected.

关键词： Plantations Forest products Biomass Harvesting system Mechanization Trends Technology

Involuntary admission and treatment of patients with mental disorder

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第1期31卷 99-112页

作者： simei Zhang Graham Mellsop Johann brink Xiaoping Wang Mental Health Institute of The second Xiangya Hospital Hunan Province Technology Institute of PsychiatryKey Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan ProvinceCentral South University Waikato Clinical school University of Auckland University of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Despite the efforts of the World Health Organization to internationally standardize strategies for mental-health care delivery,the rules and regulations for involuntary admission and treatment of patients with mental disorder still differ markedly across countries. This review was undertaken to describe the regulations and mental-health laws from diverse countries and districts of Europe（UK,Austria,Denmark,France,Germany,Italy,Ireland,and Norway）,the Americas（Canada,UsA,and Brazil）,Australasia（Australia and New Zealand）,and Asia（Japan and China）. We outline the criteria and procedures for involuntary admission to psychiatric hospitals and to community services,illustrate the key features oflaws related to these issues,and discuss their implications for contemporary psychiatric practice. This review may help to standardize the introduction oflegislation that allows involuntary admission and treatment of patients with mental disorders in the mainland of China,and contribute to improved mental-health care. In this review,involuntary admission or treatment does not include the placement of mentally-ill offenders,or any other aspect of forensic psychiatry.

关键词： involuntary admission involuntary treatment mental-health legislation compulsory admission commitment criteria

Does feeding more phases reduce ammonia concentrations from broiler litter?

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 152-159页

作者： Madri brink Geert P.J.Janssens Evelyne Delezie Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food(ILVO)Animal Sciences UnitScheldeweg 689090 MelleBelgium Department of Veterinary and Biosciences Ghent UniversityHeidestraat 199820 MerelbekeBelgium

We compared a 3-and 5-phase feeding program in terms of ammonia concentrations measured at litter level,litter composition and quality,nitrogen(N)utilization,performance,welfare,and meat deposition in broilers.A total of 744 Ross 308 male broilers was divided into 2 treatments,each with 6 *** 3-phase diets were formulated to CP and digestible lysine contents of 205 and 11.5 g/kg(0 to 9 d),195 and 10.8 g/kg(9 to 24 d),and 183.3 and 10.15 g/kg(24 to 39 d),*** 5-phase diets had additional phases from 17 to 24 d and 32 to 39 d with CP and digestible lysine contents of 188 and 10.4 g/kg and 177 and 9.8 g/kg,*** 5 phases reduced the NH3concentrations at litter level by37.95%and 20.81%at 23(Ps a tendency for a lower litter total ammoniacal nitrogen concentration for the 5-phase treatment than the 3-phase treatment at 24 and 39 d of age(Pso tended to be lower for the 5-phase treatment at 39 d of age(Ps fed the 5-phase treatments had a lower incidence of foot lesions at 24 d of age(Ps well as carcass yield could be maintained,except for FCR,which was higher for the 5-phase treatment between 17 and 24 d of age and the overall period(Pspectively).The impact of the 5-phase treatment regarding the utilization of N(digestibility,excretion,and retention)was less clear,however the NH3volatilized from the litter was significantly *** 5 phases may therefore potentially reduce the NH3emitted from broiler houses which has several environmental and health *** the 5-phase treatment resulted in a significant decrease in feed efficiency,growth performance and meat deposition were maintained.

关键词： Broiler Ammonia Phase feeding Crude protein Performance

Reduction of dietary crude protein and feed form:Impact on broiler litter quality,ammonia concentrations,excreta composition,performance,welfare,and meat quality

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 291-303页

作者： Madri brink Geert P.J.Janssens Peter Demeyer Ozer Bagci Evelyne Delezie Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food(ILVO)Animal Sciences UnitScheldeweg 689090 MelleBelgium Department of Nutrition Genetics and EthologyGhent UniversityHeidestraat 199820 MerelbekeBelgium Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food(ILVO)Agricultural Engineering UnitBurg.Van Gansberghelaan 1159820 MerelbekeBelgium Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology5600 MB-EindhovenNetherlands.

Nitrogen(N)excreted by poultry is converted to ammonia(NH3),presenting an environmental risk and a health risk to the farmer and animals.A study was performed to investigate the effect of reduced CP and feed form on broiler performance and welfare,meat and litter quality,N utilization,and NH3 concentrations at litter level.A total of 2,232 Ross 308 male broilers was divided into 6 treatments and 6 replicates,which was fed diets in both pellet and mash forms with different CP levels of 205.0 g/kg(H,high),187.5 g/kg(M,intermediate)and 175.0 g/kg(L,low)in the grower phase and 195.0 g/kg(H),180.0 g/kg(M)and 165.6 g/kg(L)in the finisher *** amino acids(AA)were supplemented to maintain digestible AA-to-digestible lysine *** dietary CP content to 187.5 g/kg in the grower phase and 180.0 g/kg in the finisher phase reduced NH3 concentrations at litter level(Ps had better litter qualities and lower incidences of foot and hock lesions than pellet treatments at d 38(Ps with reduced CP had lower incidence of foot lesions at d 38(Ps fed pelleted diets had higher ADFI,ADG,and final BW,improved feed conversion ratio(FCR),and heavier carcasses(Pse fed mash diets over a production period of 39 *** could not be maintained when birds were fed L CP pelleted *** study demonstrated that,with the supplementation of AA to meet requirements,the concentration of dietary CP can be reduced to 187.5 and 180.0 g/kg in the grower and finisher phases respectively,without impairing broiler performance,meat yield and *** diets were favorable when considering the overall litter quality and welfare of the ***,they could not maintain the same broiler performance and slaughter yield as pelleted *** from the present study may assist the poultry sector towards a socially acceptable lowemission

关键词： Broiler Ammonia Crude protein Feed form Performance

Adhesive wear mechanisms uncovered by atomistic simulations

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Friction 2018年第3期6卷 245-259页

作者： Jean-Fran?ois MOLINARI Ramin AGHABABAEI Tobias.brink Lucas FRéROT Enrico MILANEsE Civil Engineering Department Materials Science Department école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Department of Engineering-Mechanical Engineering Aarhus Universitet

In this review, we discuss our recent advances in modeling adhesive wear mechanisms using coarse-grained atomistic simulations. In particular, we present how a model pair potential reveals the transition from ductile shearing of an asperity to the formation of a debris particle. This transition occurs at a critical junction size, which determines the particle size at its birth. Atomistic simulations also reveal that for nearby asperities, crack shielding mechanisms result in a wear volume proportional to an effective area larger than the real contact area. As the density of microcontacts increases with load, we propose this crack shielding mechanism as a key to understand the transition from mild to severe wear. We conclude with open questions and a road map to incorporate these findings in mesoscale continuum models. Because these mesoscale models allow an accurate statistical representation of rough surfaces, they provide a simple means to interpret classical phenomenological wear models and wear coefficients from physics-based principles.

关键词： adhesive wear molecular dynamics continuum mechanics

B3 0749+460A: A New Repeat “Changing-look” Active Galactic Nucleus Associated with X-Ray spectral slope Variations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第1期22卷 114-125页

作者： J.Wang W.K.Zheng D.W.Xu T.G.brink A.V.Filippenko C.Gao s.s.sun J.Y.Wei Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Key Laboratory of space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Astronomy University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-3411USA school of Astronomy and space science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Miller Institute for Basic Research in science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Here we report an identification of B3 0749+460 A as a new double-peaked local "changing-look" active galactic nucleus(CL-AGN) in terms of our multi-epoch spectroscopic analysis. By comparing our new spectra taken in 2021 with the ones taken by the sloan Digital sky survey in 2004, BOss in 2013 and Ma NGA in 2016, we reveal type transitions of seyfert(sy) 1.9 → sy1.8 → sy1.9. In the transitions, the classical broad Hα emission fades away after 2013 and disappears in our 2021 spectrum, although the absence of broad Hβ can be traced back to at least 2016. A follow-up observation in X-rays by the swift/XRT reveals that(1) the X-ray emission level gradually decreased since 2005;and(2)the X-ray spectrum is soft in the optical "turn-off" state and hard in the "turn-on" state. We argue that the disappearance of the classical broad Hα emission can be likely explained by the disk-wind broad-line-region model, in which the CL phenomenon is sensitive to luminosity in individual AGNs.

关键词： galaxies:seyfert galaxies:nuclei (galaxies:)quasars:emission lines (galaxies:)quasars:individual(B30749+460A) X-rays:galaxies