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Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMr-based metabolomics

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 45-61页

作者： Fabio Casu Aaron M.Watson Justin Yost T.Gibson Gaylord Daniel W.Bearden michael.r.denson Marine resources research Institute South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Bozeman Fish Technology Center United States Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Biochemical Sciences Group Chemical Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Hollings Marine Laboratory

A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal(SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate(FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets(named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B12(0.012 mg/kg), folate(10 mg/kg), methionine(1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet(named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet(named FWS) with methionine supplementation(1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet(named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet(named SBM60), and a “natural” diet(named N) made up of equal parts of fish(cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues(liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMr)-based *** results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics(Pr hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets(Prent supplementatio

关键词： Aquaculture Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance red drum Soybean meal N-Formimino-L-glutamate

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Transcranial photobiomodulation for the brain: a wide range of clinical applications

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： michael r.Hamblin Laser research Centre Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT)is a rapidly growing approach to the healing,stimulation,protection,and regeneration of many human organs and tissue *** started in the 1960s as low-level laser therapy for wound healing,but since then the introduction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dramatically increased the number of applications and reports of positive *** generally uses red(620-700 nm)and/or near-infrared(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular mechanisms(de Freitas and Hamblin,2016).While laser therapists continue to use various types of laser in their office practice,LEDs are ideally suited for home use devices because they are completely safe and without any known significant adverse *** the various body parts on which PBMT has been shown to exert beneficial effects,the brain stands out as perhaps the most promising *** has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation,while increasing mitochondrial function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the brain(Hamblin,2016).Moreover,PBMT can stimulate the processes of synaptogenesis,neurogenesis,and neuroplasticity thus helping the brain to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound

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Navigating the Challenges of Emerging Contaminants to Protect Human and Ecological Health

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 1-2页

作者： Jiuhui Qu michael r.Hoffmann Gang Yu School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Linde-robinson Laboratories California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519000China

Emerging contaminants are defined as chemicals that are not currently(or have only recently been)regulated and about which there are concerns regarding their impact on human or ecological *** contaminants are widely detected in air,water,soil,sediment,and biotic *** is against this backdrop of urgency that we have curated this special issue titled“Emerging Contaminants Control:Science and Technology,”with the goal of uniting the latest scientific insights and pioneering strategies to address this global *** special issue embarks on a comprehensive examination of the emerging contaminants dilemma,covering aspects such as risk assessment,remediation technologies,environmental surveying,and the broader implications for *** a collection of articles,we probe deep into the core of this issue,showcasing studies that range from appraising environmental risks to forging new methods for treatment and scrutinizing the occurrence of contaminants across different environmental settings.

关键词： Ecological surveying environmental

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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T.Moran michael r.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme?s active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. Thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+and other cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

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Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： michael r.Bedford Birger Svihus Aaron J.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

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review of Moirésuperconductivity and application of the roeser-Huber formula

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 9-28页

作者： michael r.Koblischka Anjela Koblischka-Veneva Institute of Experimental Physics Saarland UniversityCampus C 6366123 SaarbrückenGermany

Moirésuperconductivity represents a new class of superconducting materials since the discovery of superconductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a much bigger crystal parameter as the original lattice constant of ***,experimentally changing the Moirétwist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a variation of the superconducting properties and enables a new way of engineering 2D superconducting *** of the robust superconducting state of MATBG as function of charge carrier density,temperature and applied magnetic fields are *** influence of the top/bottom hexagonal boron nitride layer thickness on the superconducting properties of MATBG was also demonstrated in the *** all fabricated MATBG devices,changing of the charge carrier density leads to the appearance of insulating,metallic and even ferromagnetic states,which separate several superconducting domes in the phase diagram(longitudinal resistance,rxx,as function of temperature T and charge carrier density,n).Further works have considered MATBG combined with WSe2‐layers,twisted bi‐layer WSe2,magic‐angle trilayer graphene(MATTG),and most recently,four‐layer(MAT4G)and five‐layer(MAT5G)*** differences between the layered,cuprate high‐Tc superconductors and the Moirésuperconductors are compiled *** collected information is then used to apply the roeser‐Huber formalism to Moiré‐type superconductivity to calculate the superconducting transition temperature,Tc,using only information of the Moirélattice and the electronic *** account for the different charge carrier densities in the experimental data sets and the low charge carrier mass demands that a new parameterηmust be introduced to the roeser‐Huber formalism to enable the description of several superconducting domes found in the phase diagram for a given Moiré*** so,the calculated data fit well to the correlation curve defined within the roeser‐Hube

关键词： MoiréSuperconductors Twisted bilayer graphene Magic angle Multilayer graphene stacks Superconducting transition temperature roeser‐Huber formalism

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Dietary xylo‑oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1325-1335页

作者： Carla Castro Shahram Niknafs Gemma Gonzalez‑Ortiz Xinle Tan michael r.Bedford Eugeni roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental ***-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in *** may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier *** aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXrF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler *** A total of 128 broiler chickens(ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%*** treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens *** intake and body weight were recorded *** d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics *** Dietary XOS/AXrF supplementation improved feed efficiency(Prom d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol *** analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padjred to the non-supplemented *** the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization ***-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXrF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal *** Dietary XOS/AXrF supplementation improved gr

关键词： Actin Arabinoxylans Broiler Cell turnover Energy metabolism Jejunum Xylo-oligosaccharides

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Monogenic deficiency in murine intestinal Cdc42 leads to mucosal inflammation that induces crypt dysplasia

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 413-429页

作者： Dongsheng Zhang Wenjuan Tang Haitao Niu William Tse Hai-Bin ruan Helmut Dolznig Thomas Knosel Friedrich Karl-Heinz Madeleine Themanns Jiang Wang Mingquan Song Lee denson Lukas Kenner richard Moriggl Yi Zheng Xiaonan Han Division of Hematology and Oncology Division of Cancer BiologyDepartment of MedicineMetroHealth Medical Center(MHMC)Case Western Reserve University(CWRU)School of MedicineClevelandOH 44109USA Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Program Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University(CWRU)ClevelandOH 44106USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center(CCHMC)CincinnatiOH 45229USA Children’s Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 201102China School of Medicine Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510632China Laboratory Animal Science(ILAS) Chinese Academy of Medical Science(CAMS)and Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)Beijing 100006China Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMI 55455USA Institute of Medical Genetics Medical University of ViennaVienna 1040Austria Institute of Pathology Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunich 80539Germany Institute of Biochemistry II University Hospital JenaJena 07743Germany Laboratory Animal Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVienna 1210Austria Department of Pathology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221USA Department of Gastroenterology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong 266005China Department of Pathology Medical University of ViennaVienna 1040Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer research Vienna 1090Austria Medical University of Vienna Vienna 1040Austria Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVienna 1210Austria Division of Experimental Hematology CCHMCCincinnatiOH 45229USA

CDC42 controls intestinal epithelial(IEC)stem cell(IESC)*** aberrant CDC42 initiates intestinal inflammation or neoplasia is *** utilized models of inflam-matory bowel diseases(IBD),colorectal cancer,aging,and IESC injury to determine the loss of intestinal Cdc42 upon inflammation and *** specimens were collected to determine the levels of CDC42 in IBD or colorectal ***42 floxed mice were crossed with Villin-Cre,Villin-CreErT2 and/or Lgr5-eGFP-IrES-CreErT2,or Bmi1-CreErT2 mice to generate Cdc42 deficient ***,colitis,aging,and intestinal organoid were used to evaluate CDC42 upon mucosal inflammation,IESC/progenitor regenerative capacity,and IEC *** studies revealed that increased CDC42 in colorectal cancer correlated with lower survival;in contrast,lower levels of CDC42 were found in the inflamed IBD *** Cdc42 depletion significantly reduced Lgr5+IEsCs,increased progenitors'hyperplasia,and induced mucosal inflammation,which led to crypt *** Cdc42 depletion markedly enhanced irra-diation-or chemical-induced *** or inhibition of Cdc42 reduced colonic Lgr5+IESC *** conclusion,depletion of Cdc42 reduces the IESC regeneration and IEC repair,leading to prolonged mucosal *** monogenic loss of Cdc42 in-duces mucosal inflammation,which could result in intestinal neoplasia in the context of aging.

关键词： Cell divisioncycle 42(CDC42) Colitis Colorectal cancer(CrC) Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) Intestinal epithelial cell(IEC) Intestinal epithelial stem cell(IESC) Irradiation

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应对新污染物挑战，保护人类和生态健康（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第6期 1-2页

作者：曲久辉 michael r.Hoffmann 余刚 School of Environment Tsinghua University Linde-robinson Laboratories California Institute of Technology Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology Beijing Normal University

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Fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxide nanopatterns: Detailed structural investigation

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Nano research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tandra Ghoshal michael A.Morris School of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we demonstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled block copolymer assisted in situ inclusion *** separated long-range ordered polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved through thermo-solvent *** patterns produced had long-range order and domain sizes>1μ*** BCP structures were lightly etched and modified by anhydrous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybdenum precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP *** ordered molybdenum oxide nanowire arrays were then fabricated by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room *** oxides were converted to sulphides by thermal evaporation at different temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the composition and phases of the molybdenum oxide and sulphide *** mapping was performed to investigate the interfaces between the oxide and sulphide nanowires with the substrate *** formation and stability of the sulphide nanowires were studied at different *** photoluminescence and raman properties were studied at different formation temperatures to investigate defects and estimate the number of layers.

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence

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