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Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： David R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ashish jaiswal Cecilia Rad-Menendez michael.j.preston Frederik De Boever Diana C.El Assal Sarah Daakour michael W.Lomas jean-Claude Twizere David H.Green William C.Ratcliff Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Center for Genomics and Systems Biology(CGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology Research Center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicellularity ***,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain *** this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal *** for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements

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Resistive field generation in intense proton beam interaction with solid targets

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 35-43页

作者： W.Q.Wang j.j.Honrubia Y.Yin X.H.Yang F.Q.Shao Department of Physics National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Department of Nuclear Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina

The Brown-preston-Singleton(BPS)stopping power model is added to our previously developed hybrid code to model ion beam-plasma *** simulations show that both resistive field and ion scattering effects are important for proton beam transport in a solid target,in which they compete with each *** the target is not completely ionized,the self-generated resistive field effect dominates over the ion scattering ***,when the target is completely ionized,this situation is ***,it is found that Ohmic heating is important for higher current densities and materials with high *** energy fraction deposited as Ohmic heating can be as high as 20%-30%.Typical ion divergences with half-angles of about 5°-10°will modify the proton energy deposition substantially and should be taken into account.

关键词： interaction beam intense

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Increased β-Cyanoalanine Nitrilase Activity Improves Cyanide Tolerance and Assimilation in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 231-243页

作者： Brendan O'Leary GaU M. preston Lee j. Sweetlove Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

Plants naturally produce cyanide （CN） which is maintained at low levels in their cells by a process of rapid assimilation. However, high concentrations of environmental CN associated with activities such as industrial pollution are toxic to plants. There is thus an interest in increasing the CN detoxification capacity of plants as a potential route to phytoremediation. Here, Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing the Pseudomonas fluorescens β-cyanoalanine nitrilase pinA were compared with wild-type and a β-cyanoalanine nitrilase knockout line （△Atnit4） for growth in the presence of exogenous CN. After incubation with CN, ＋PfpinA seedlings had increased root length, increased fresh weight, and decreased leaf bleaching compared with wild-type, indicating increased CN tolerance. The increased tolerance was achieved without an increase in β-cyanoalanine synthase activity, the other enzyme in the cyanide assimilation pathway, suggesting that nitrilase activity is the limiting factor for cyanide detoxification. Labeling experiments with [^13C] KCN demonstrated that the altered CN tolerance could be explained by differences in flux from CN to Asn caused by altered β-cyanoalanine nitrilase activity. Metabolite profiling after CN treatment provided new insight into downstream metabolism, revealing onward metabolism of Asn by the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle and accumulation of aromatic amino acids.

关键词： cyanide β-cyanoalanine cyanide detoxification asparagine metabolism nitrilase

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Obesity-induced sperm DNA methylation changes at satellite repeats are reprogrammed in rat offspring

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Asian journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 930-936页

作者： Neil A Youngson Virginie Lecomte Christopher A Maloney preston Leung jia Liu Luke B Hesson Fabio Luciani Lutz Krause Margaret j Morris Department of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Adult Cancer Program Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Brisbane Queensland 4006 Australia University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute University of Queensland 37 Kent Street Woolleongabba Queensland 4102 Australia

There is now strong evidence that the paternal contribution to offspring phenotype at fertilisation is more than just DNA. However, the identity and mechanisms of this nongenetic inheritance are poorly understood. One of the more important questions in this research area is： do changes in sperm DNA methylation have phenotypic consequences for offspring？ We have previously reported that offspring of obese male rats have altered glucose metabolism compared with controls and that this effect was inherited through nongenetic means. Here, we describe investigations into sperm DNA methylation in a new cohort using the same protocol. Male rats on a high-fat diet were 30% heavier than control-fed males at the time of mating （16-19 weeks old, n = 14/14）. A small （0.25%） increase in total 5-methyl-2＇-deoxycytidine was detected in obese rat spermatozoa by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Examination of the repetitive fraction of the genome with methyI-CpG binding domain protein-enriched genome sequencing （MBD-Seq） and pyrosequencing revealed that retrotransposon DNA methylation states in spermatozoa were not affected by obesity, but methylation at satellite repeats throughout the genome was increased. However, examination of muscle, liver, and spermatozoa from male 27-week-old offspring from obese and control fathers （both groups from n = 8 fathers） revealed that normal DNA methylation levels were restored during offspring development. Furthermore, no changes were found in three genomic imprints in obese rat spermatozoa. Our findings have implications for transgenerational epigenetic reprogramming. They suggest that postfertilization mechanisms exist for normalising some environmentally-induced DNA methylation changes in sperm cells.

关键词： methylation obesity spermatozoa

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INTRA-ABDOMINAL HAEMORRHAGE THE RESULT OF THE RUPTURE OF A VARIX ON THE SURFACE OF THE PREGNANT UTERUS

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1934年第10期48卷 1067-1069页

作者： j.preston MAXWELL Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology Peiping Union Medical College

Mrs.P.Y.L.,aet 24,Chinese para I,***.43489,was admitted tothe Peiping Union Medical College Hospital on February 8th,1934,in asemicollapsed *** history was as follows:-She was in the 33rd week of what,with the exception of four very slightattacks of vaginal haemorrhage lasting about a day apiece,had been a *** vomiting had been very slight and had quickly *** considered herself to be in perfect *** noon on February 7th,whilst sitting at lunch she was seized withsevere pain in the lower abdomen and *** had three or four moreattacks of pain in the afternoon and evening and was brought to hospitalabout *** had had no vaginal *** had the aspect

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The transcription factor RelB restrains group 2 innate lymphoid cells and type 2 immune pathology in vivo

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 230-242页

作者： Lei Zhang Yuanlin Ying Shuqiu Chen preston R.Arnold Fafa Tian Laurie j.Minze Xiang Xiao Xian C.Li Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of SurgeryHouston Methodist HospitalTexas Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Neurology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina Department of Urology Southeast University Zhongda HospitalNanjingChina Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

The exact relationships between group 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2s)and Th2 cells in type 2 pathology,as well as the mechanisms that restrain the responses of these cells,remain poorly *** we examined the roles of ILC2s and Th2 cells in type 2 lung pathology in vivo using germline and conditional fie/b-deficient *** found that mice with germline deletion of Relb^(-/-)spontaneously developed prominent type 2 pathology in the lung,which contrasted sharply with mice with T-cell-specific Relb deletion(Relb^(f/f)Cd4-Cre),which were healthy with no observed autoimmune *** also found that in contrast to wild-type B6 mice,Rel6-defident mice showed markedly expanded ILC2s but not ILC1s or ***,adoptive transfer of naive CD4^(+)T cells into Rag1^(-/-)Relb^(-/-)hosts induced prominent type 2 lung pathology,which was inhibited by depletion of ***,we showed that Relb deletion led to enhanced expression of Bcl11b,a key transcription factor for *** concluded that RelB plays a critical role in restraining ILC2s,primarily by suppressing Bcl11b activity,and consequently inhibits type 2 lung pathology in vivo.

关键词： Allergic inflammation Innate lymphoid cells NF-kB RelB Th2 cells type 2 pathology

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CYSTS OF THE UTERUS

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Chinese Medical journal 1932年第2期46卷 224-226页

作者： j.preston MAXWELL F.R.C.S. F.C.O.G. Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peiping Union Medical CollegePeiping.

True cysts in the uterine substance are extremely rare,with theexception of the small cysts,called Ovula Nabothi,which occur inthe cervix,and are due to blocking of the orifice of a cervical *** one may occasionally meet with a case of true uterine cyst,ofwhich condition the following patient presented an ***.V.C.,Russian,aet 28,was admitted to the Peiping Union Medical Col-lege Hospital on May 4th,*** had been married twice,first at the age oftwenty,being widowed at twenty-five;and then again married at the age oftwenty-six.

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PROTEIN SHOCK AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF PITUITRIN

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1933年第1期47卷 66-68页

作者： P.W.WANG j.preston MAXWELL Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peiping Union Medical College Peiping

Protein shock due to the administration of pituitrin is extremelyrare,but it is alarming when it does occur,and for this reason it iswell that the details of cases exhibiting this shock should be put ***.Y.T.L.,***.30834,a Chinese housewife,aged 36,para Ⅸ,wasadmitted in labour on july 12th,1932,to the Peiping Union Medical *** was at full *** had been some nausea and vomiting

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THE FUNNEL PELVIS

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1936年第5期50卷 672-682页

作者： j.preston MAXWELL Y.H.CHENG,M.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peiping Union Medical CollegePeiping.

The aetiology and classification of funnel pelves is *** part played by late and adult rickets in the formation of thispelvis is *** best method of measuring and estimating the amount of con-traction is *** treatment ...

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Timing of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in post-stroke patients does not impact mortality, complications, or outcomes

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2022年第5期13卷 77-87页

作者： Kavya M Reddy preston Lee Parul j Gor Antonio Cheesman Noor Al-Hammadi David john Westrich jason Taylor Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Internal Medicine Santa Clara Valley Medical CenterSan JoseCA 95128United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mercy HospitalSaint LouisMO 63141United States David john Westrich Jason TaylorDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO 63104United States Saint Louis University Center for Health Outcomes Research Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO 63104United States

BACKGROUND Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy(PEG)tubes are often placed for dysphagia following a stroke in order to maintain sufficient caloric *** 2011 ASGE guidelines recommend delaying PEG tube placement for two weeks,as half of patients with dysphagia improve within 2 *** are few studies comparing outcomes based on timing of PEG tube placement,and there is increasing demand for early PEG tube placement to meet requirements for timely discharge to rehab and skilled nursing *** To assess the safety of early(≤7 d post stroke)vs late(>7 d post stroke)PEG tube placement and evaluate whether pre-procedural risk factors could predict mortality or *** We performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing PEG tube placement for dysphagia following a stroke at two hospitals in Saint Louis,MO between january 2011 and December *** were identified by keyword search of endoscopy ***,peri-procedural complication rates,and post-procedural complication rates were compared in both *** of morbidity and mortality such as protein-calorie malnutrition,presence of an independent cardiovascular risk equivalent,and presence of Systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)criteria or documented infection were evaluated by multivariate logistic *** 154 patients had a PEG tube placed for dysphagia following a stroke,92 in the late group and 62 in the early *** were 32 observed deaths,with 8 occurring within 30 d of the *** was an increase in peri-procedural and post-procedural complications with delayed PEG placement which was not statistically *** length of stay was significantly less in patients with early PEG tube placement(12.9 vs 22.34 d,P<0.001).Protein calorie malnutrition,presence of SIRS criteria and/or documented infection prior to procedure or having a cardiovascular disease risk equivalent did not significantly predict mortality or complicati

关键词： Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube Dysphagia Stroke Enteral nutrition Gastrostomy/adverse effect

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