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Axial Breakthrough in Athens： Religious Topography and Transformation

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2016年第4期9卷 577-588页

作者： H. A. shapiro Department of Classics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA

Axial Age theory posits that there should be major transformations in Greece （as elsewhere） in the middle of the first millennium BCE. One could point to the creation of the world＇s first democracy in Athens in the years around 508. Equally important, and not unrelated to the democracy, was a re-conceptualizing of the role of religion and worship in society, for which Athens provides especially striking archeological evidence. The physical setting for religious expression changed markedly around the end of the sixth century, especially at Athens. The Agora was filled with cults, temples, and shrines of gods and heroes, laid out along with the establishment of the democracy and adapted to the changing political and social needs of the community. Conversely, the Acropolis, which had been strictly the domain of the goddess Athena, takes on a more civic character in the late sixth century with a radical change in the nature of votives dedicated to her. Thus, in the Greek version of axial breakthrough, religion is not set aside or diluted, but put in the service of a new political order.

关键词： Archaic and classical Greece Athens Acropolis - Agora Cults -Temples Democracy

Long-term outcomes in patients initially responsive to selective laser trabeculoplasty

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第5期8卷 960-964页

作者： Varun Patel Eman El Hawy michael Waisbourd Camila Zangalli Daniel M.shapiro Lalita Gupta michael Hsieh Abigail Kasprenski L.Jay Katz George L.Spaeth Glaucoma Research Center Wills Eye Hospital

AIMTo determine the long-term effects of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of medications used up to 5y following treatment in glaucoma patients receiving maximally tolerated medical therapy (MTMT).METHODSThe Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Research Center retrospectively reviewed the charts of glaucoma patients who underwent SLT after receiving MTMT. Eyes that did not achieve their target pressure within 3mo following SLT were excluded from the study. Changes in mean IOP and number of glaucoma medications used were analyzed at 1, 3, and 5y following ***-five eyes of 67 patients were included in the study. Fifteen eyes that received SLT failed to achieve their target pressure within 3mo and were excluded from the study. The average follow-up time was 37.4mo (±14.4). Mean IOP was significantly reduced 1y after treatment (P=0.005). It was also reduced 3, 5y after treatment without reaching statistical significance (P=0.20 and P=0.072, respectively). There was a significant decrease in mean number of medications used 1, 3, 5y after treatment (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.039, respectively). In the span of 5y, 2 eyes (2.7%) underwent repeat SLT, 7 eyes (9.3%) underwent glaucoma surgery and an additional 3 eyes (4.0%) underwent *** significantly reduced the number of glaucoma medications used 5y following treatment in glaucoma patients receiving MTMT. SLT may delay operating-room surgery.

关键词： selective laser trabeculoplasty long-term intraocular pressure number of medications used maximally tolerated medical therapy glaucoma

Sovereign nations, carnal states

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Do I need to see a urologist for my vasectomy?A comparison of practice patterns between urologists and family medicine physicians

作者： Kam shapiro.

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 540-543页

作者： Natasza M Posielski Daniel D shapiro Xing Wang Brian V Le Department of Urology University of WisconsinMadisonWl 53705USA Department of Biostatistics University of WisconsinMadisonWl 53705USA.

Urologists perform the majority of vasectomies in the United States;however,family medicine physicians(FMPs)perform up to 35%.We hypothesized that d iff ere nces exist in practice patterns and outcomes between urologists and *** nts who underwent a vasectomy from 2010 to 2016 were *** semen analysis(PVSA)practices were compared between urologists and FMPs,before and after release of the 2012 AUA vasectomy *** 2010 to 2016,FMPs performed 1435(35.1%)of all *** follow-up rates were similar between the two groups(63.4%vs 64.8%,P=0.18).Of the patients with follow-up,the median number of PVSAs obtained was 1(range 1-6)in both groups(P=0.22).Following the release of guidelines,fewer urologists obtained multiple PVSAs(69.8%vs 28.9%pre-and post-2012,P<0.01).FMPs had a significant but lesser change in the use of multiple PVSAs(47.5%vs 38.4%,P<0.01).Both groups made appropriate changes in the timing of the first PVSA,but FMPs continued to obtain PVSAs before 8 weeks(15.0%vs 6.5%,P<0.01).FMPs had a higher rate of positive results in PVSAs obtained after 8 weeks,the earliest recommended by the AUA guidelines(4.1%vs 1.3%,P<0.01).Significant differences in PVSA utilization between FMPs and urologists were identified and were impacted by the release of AUA guidelines in *** summary,FMPs obtained multiple PVSAs more frequently and continued to obtain PVSAs prior to the 8-week recommendation,suggesting less penetration of AUA guidelines to nonurology ***,FMPs had more positive results on PVSAs obtained within the recommended window.

关键词： evidence-based practice family practice semen analysis urologist vasectomy

Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15358-15366页

作者： Ruwaida Ben Musa Anuhya Gampa Sanjib Basu Ali Keshavarzian Garth Swanson michael Brown Rana Abraham Keith Bruninga John Losurdo Mark DeMeo Sohrab Mobarhan David shapiro Ece Mutlu Graduate College Rush University Rush University Department of Preventive Medicine Rush University Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Rush University Department of Medicine Clinical Research Section of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionRush University

AIM: To determine the prevalence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HBV screening and vaccination practices for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Hepatitis B Prevalence Vaccination Ulcerative colitis Crohn’ s disease

CTGF, intestinal stellate cells and carcinoid fi brogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第39期13卷 5208-5216页

作者： M Kidd IM Modlin MD shapiro RL Camp SM Mane W Usinger JR Murren Departments of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Departments of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Departments of Affymetrix Resource Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Fibrogen Inc San Francisco CA United States Departments of Medical Oncology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States

AIM： To investigate the role of small intestinal carcinoid tumor-derived fibrotic mediators, TGFβ1 and CTGF, in the mediation of fibrosis via activation of an ＂intestinal＂ stellate cell. METHODS： GI carcinoid tumors were collected for Q RT-PCR analysis of CTGF and TGFβ1. Markers of stellate cell desmoplasia were identified in peritoneal fibrosis by immunohistochemistry and stellate cells cultured from fresh resected fibrotic tissue. CTGF and TGFβ1 were evaluated using quantitative tissue array profiling （AQUA analysis） in a GI carcinoid tissue microarray （TMA） with immunostaining and correlated with clinical and histologically documented fibrosis. Serum CTGF was analyzed using a sandwich ELISA assay. RESULTS： Message levels of both CTGF and TGFβ1 in SI carcinoid tumors were significantly increased （〉 2-fold, P 〈 0.05） versus normal mucosa and gastric （non-fibrotic） carcinoids. Activated stellate cells and markers of stellate cell-mediated fibrosis （vimentin, desmin） were identified in histological fibrosis. An intestinal stellate cell was immunocytochemically and biochemically characterized and its TGFβ1 （10-7M） initiated CTGF transcription response （〉 3-fold, P 〈 0.05） demonstrated. In SI carcinoid tumor patients with documented fibrosis, TMA analysis demonstrated higher CTGF immunostaining （AQUA Score： 92 ± 8, P 〈0.05）, as well as elevated TGFβ1 （90.6 ± 4.4, P 〈 0.05）. Plasma CTGF （normal 12.5 ± 2.6 ng/mL） was increased in SI carcinoid tumor patients （31 ± 10 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05） compared to non-fibrotic GI carcinoids （〈 15 ng/mL） CONCLUSION： SI carcinoid tumor fibrosis is a CTGF/ TGFβl-mediated stellate cell-driven fibrotic response. The delineation of the biology of fibrosis will facilitate diagnosis and enable development of agents to obviate its local and systemic complications.

关键词： Carcinoid Connective tissue growth factor fibrosis Small intestine Stellate cell TGFI

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水浒传

Uncovering the Online Social Structure Surrounding COVID-19

作者：施耐庵罗贯中 Sidney shapiro译

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Journal of Social Computing 2021年第2期2卷 157-165页

作者： Philip D.Waggoner Robert Y.shapiro Samuel Frederick Ming Gong Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy Columbia UniversityNew York CityNY 10027USA Department of Political Science Columbia UniversityNew York CityNY 10027USA. Department of Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences Columbia UniversityNew York CityNY 10027USA

How do people talk about COVID-19 online?To address this question,we offer an unsupervised framework that allows us to examine Twitter framings of the *** approach employs a network-based exploration of social media data to identify,categorize,and understand communication patterns about the novel coronavirus on *** simplest structure that emerges from our analysis is the distinction between the internal/personal,external/global,and generic threat framings of the *** structure replicates in different Twitter samples and is validated using the variation of information measure,reflecting the significance and stability of our *** an exploratory study is useful for understanding the contours of the natural,non-random structure in this online *** contend that this understanding of structure is necessary to address a host of causal,supervised,and related questions downstream.

关键词： COVID-19 networks community detection twitter exploratory data analysis

The Teodorescu Operator in Clifford Analysis

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2012年第4期33卷 625-640页

作者： F.BRACKX H.De SCHEPPER M.E. LUNA-ELIZARRARS M.shapiro Clifford Research Group Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Ghent University Belgium Instituto Politcnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico

Euclidean Clifford analysis is a higher dimensional function theory centred around monogenic functions, i.e., null solutions to a first order vector valued rotation in- variant differential operator called the Dirac operator. More recently, Hermitian Clifford analysis has emerged as a new branch, offering yet a refinement of the Euclidean case; it focuses on the simultaneous null solutions, called Hermitian monogenic functions, to two Hermitian Dirac operators and which are invariant under the action of the unitary group. In Euclidean Clifford analysis, the Teodorescu operator is the right inverse of the Dirac operator __0. In this paper, Teodorescu operators for the Hermitian Dirac operators c9~_ and 0_~, are constructed. Moreover, the structure of the Euclidean and Hermitian Teodor- escu operators is revealed by analyzing the more subtle behaviour of their components. Finally, the obtained inversion relations are still refined for the differential operators is- suing from the Euclidean and Hermitian Dirac operators by splitting the Clifford algebra product into its dot and wedge parts. Their relationship with several complex variables theory is discussed.

关键词： Clifford analysis Teodorescu operator Dirac operator