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应对新污染物挑战，保护人类和生态健康（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第6期 1-2页

作者：曲久辉 michael r.hoffmann 余刚 School of Environment Tsinghua University Linde-robinson Laboratories California Institute of Technology Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology Beijing Normal University

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Kinetics of microwave-enhanced oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第1期5卷 57-64页

作者： Deming ZHAO Jie CHENG michael r.hoffmann College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310032China W.M.Keck Laboratories California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA

Aqueous solutions of phenol were oxidized by hydrogen peroxide assisted by microwave(MW)irradiation.A simple kinetic model for the overall degradation of phenol in the presence of excess H_(2)O_(2) is proposed in which the degradation rate of phenol is expressed as a linear function of the concentrations of phenol and H_(2)O_(2).A detailed parametric study showed that the degradation rate of phenol increased with increasing[H_(2)O_(2)]until saturation was *** degradation followed apparent zero-order kinetics under MW radiation or H_(2)O_(2) ***,after 90 min of irradiation,the observed kinetics shifted to pseudo first *** overall reaction rates were significantly enhanced in the combined MW/H_(2)O_(2) system,mainly because microwave could accelerate H_(2)O_(2) to generate hydroxyl radical(·OH)and other reactive oxygen *** observed synergetic effects of the MW/H_(2)O_(2) process resulted in an increased in the net reaction rate by a factor of *** hydrogen peroxide is present in a large stoichiometric excess,the time required to achieve complete mineralization is reduced significantly.

关键词： microwave(MW)irradiation hydrogen peroxide phenol synergetic effects kinetic model

Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第2期3卷 129-151页

作者： Chad D.VECITIS Hyunwoong PArK Jie CHENG Brian T.MADEr michael r.hoffmann W.M.Keck Laboratories California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCalifornia 91125USA 3M Environmental Laboratory 3M CenterBuilding 260-05-N-17MaplewoodMN 55144-1000USA

Fluorochemicals(FCs)are oxidatively recalcitrant,environmentally persistent,and resistant to most conventional treatment *** have unique physiochemical properties derived from fluorine which is the most electronegative ***(PFOS),and perfluorooctanoate(PFOA)have been detected globally in the hydrosphere,atmosphere and *** treatment technologies such as reverses osmosis,nano-filtration and activated carbon can remove FCs from ***,incineration of the concentrated waste is required for complete FC ***,a number of alternative technologies for FC decomposition have been *** FC degradation technologies span a wide range of chemical processes including direct photolysis,photocatalytic oxidation,photochemical oxidation,photochemical reduction,thermally-induced reduction,and sonochemical *** paper reviews these FC degradation technologies in terms of kinetics,mechanism,energetic cost,and *** optimal PFOS/PFOA treatment method is strongly dependent upon the FC concentration,background organic and metal concentration,and available degradation time.

关键词： fluorochemical(FC)degradation technologies perfluoroctanesulfonate(PFOS) perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) oxidation reduction photolysis thermolysis review

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超声波降解全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的动力学

化工学报 2011年第3期62卷 829-835页

作者：赵德明丁成徐新华 michael r.hoffmann 浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江杭州310027 浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院浙江杭州310032 W.M.Keck Laboratories California Institute of TechnologyPasadena

引言全氟辛烷磺酸基化合物和全氟辛酸化合物是一类重要的全氟化表面活性剂,也是其他许多全氟化合物的重要前体。自20世纪60年代电化学氟化反应方法应用于全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）等全氟化合物的生产以来,

关键词：全氟辛烷磺酸全氟辛酸超声波动力学

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Transcranial photobiomodulation for the brain: a wide range of clinical applications

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： michael r.Hamblin Laser research Centre Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT)is a rapidly growing approach to the healing,stimulation,protection,and regeneration of many human organs and tissue *** started in the 1960s as low-level laser therapy for wound healing,but since then the introduction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dramatically increased the number of applications and reports of positive *** generally uses red(620-700 nm)and/or near-infrared(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular mechanisms(de Freitas and Hamblin,2016).While laser therapists continue to use various types of laser in their office practice,LEDs are ideally suited for home use devices because they are completely safe and without any known significant adverse *** the various body parts on which PBMT has been shown to exert beneficial effects,the brain stands out as perhaps the most promising *** has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation,while increasing mitochondrial function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the brain(Hamblin,2016).Moreover,PBMT can stimulate the processes of synaptogenesis,neurogenesis,and neuroplasticity thus helping the brain to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound

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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T.Moran michael r.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme?s active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. Thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+and other cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

The Ca^(2+)-sensing receptor and the pocketome:comparing nature's complexity with human intervention in receptor modulation

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3153-3154页

作者： Edda S.F.Matthees Carsten hoffmann Institut fur Molekulare Zellbiologie CMB-Center for Molecular BiomedicineUniversitatsklinikum JenaHans-Knoll StraBe 2D-07745 JenaGermany Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Hans-KnollStraBe2D-07745 JenaGermany

In a recent paper published in Nature,the relatively understudied Ca^(2+)-sensing,receptor(Casr)within the Gprotein-coupled receptor(GPCr)family C,gained attention due to pioneering research led by Georgios Skiniotis ... 详细信息

关键词： Stanford gained Skin

Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： michael r.Bedford Birger Svihus Aaron J.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

review of Moirésuperconductivity and application of the roeser-Huber formula

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 9-28页

作者： michael r.Koblischka Anjela Koblischka-Veneva Institute of Experimental Physics Saarland UniversityCampus C 6366123 SaarbrückenGermany

Moirésuperconductivity represents a new class of superconducting materials since the discovery of superconductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a much bigger crystal parameter as the original lattice constant of ***,experimentally changing the Moirétwist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a variation of the superconducting properties and enables a new way of engineering 2D superconducting *** of the robust superconducting state of MATBG as function of charge carrier density,temperature and applied magnetic fields are *** influence of the top/bottom hexagonal boron nitride layer thickness on the superconducting properties of MATBG was also demonstrated in the *** all fabricated MATBG devices,changing of the charge carrier density leads to the appearance of insulating,metallic and even ferromagnetic states,which separate several superconducting domes in the phase diagram(longitudinal resistance,rxx,as function of temperature T and charge carrier density,n).Further works have considered MATBG combined with WSe2‐layers,twisted bi‐layer WSe2,magic‐angle trilayer graphene(MATTG),and most recently,four‐layer(MAT4G)and five‐layer(MAT5G)*** differences between the layered,cuprate high‐Tc superconductors and the Moirésuperconductors are compiled *** collected information is then used to apply the roeser‐Huber formalism to Moiré‐type superconductivity to calculate the superconducting transition temperature,Tc,using only information of the Moirélattice and the electronic *** account for the different charge carrier densities in the experimental data sets and the low charge carrier mass demands that a new parameterηmust be introduced to the roeser‐Huber formalism to enable the description of several superconducting domes found in the phase diagram for a given Moiré*** so,the calculated data fit well to the correlation curve defined within the roeser‐Hube

关键词： MoiréSuperconductors Twisted bilayer graphene Magic angle Multilayer graphene stacks Superconducting transition temperature roeser‐Huber formalism