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Household Air Pollution from Solid Fuels:Health Impact and Interventions(Extract)

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Household Air Pollution from Solid Fuels:Health Impact and I...

resolving controversies surrounding carbon sinks from carbonate weathering

作者： Kirk r.smith University of California BerkeleyCA 94720USA

Nearly all China's rural residents and a shrinking fraction of urban residents use solid fuels(biomass and coal)for household cooking and/or *** a result,by use of global meta-analyses of epidemiological studies,it is estimated that indoor air pollution from solid fuel use in China is responsible for 420 000 premature deaths annually,more than the 300 000 attributed to urban outdoor air pollution in the *** health effects include respiratory illnesses,lung cancer,chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,immune system weakening,and lung function *** poisoning and fluorosis,resulting from "poisonous"coal use,have been observed in certain regions of *** measurements indicate that pollution levels in solid fuel-use households generally exceed China's indoor air quality standards.A range of intervention technologies,from as simple as adding a chimney to a modernized bio-energy program,are available;but they can only be viable with a coordinated support from the government and the commercial sector.

关键词： household fuels indoor air pollution cancer improved stoves poisonous coals respiratory disease burden of disease

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2705-2717页

作者： Xiaoyong BAI Sirui ZHANG Pete smith Chaojun LI Lian XIONG Chaochao DU Yingying XUE Zilin LI Mingkang LONG Minghui LI Xiaoyun ZHANG Shu YANG Qing LUO Xiaoqian SHEN State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK College of resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of Geography and Environmental Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China

The importance of carbonate weathering carbon sinks(CCSs)is almost equal to that of vegetation photosynthesis in the global carbon ***,CCSs have become controversial in formulating carbon neutral policies to deal with global climate problems in various countries,since the carbonate dissolution is *** order to address these controversies,we reviewed recent advances in understanding CCSs and examined the outstanding controversies surrounding *** have analyzed the five controversies,revealing the existence of CCSs,quantifying their magnitude,clarifying their spatiotemporal pattern,and documenting how they have increased and how they evolved under the background of global *** addressing these five controversies,we help to bring clarity to the role of CCSs in the carbon cycle of global terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carbon sink Carbonate weathering Carbon cycle Climate change Anthropogenic driver

喀麦隆初级汉语综合课教学设计 ——以喀麦隆Bilingual Grammar School Molyko为例

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喀麦隆初级汉语综合课教学设计 ——以喀麦隆Bilingual Grammar S...

作者： AGBOr.smith FOMBO 重庆交通大学

学位级别：硕士

本文主要探讨了喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School Molyko”初级汉语综合课的教学设计与实践。通过对该校汉语学习情况的调查研究,以及对综合课教学设计的深入分析,评估和反思,为喀麦隆中学汉语教学提供理论依据和实践指导。本研究具有... 详细信息

本文主要探讨了喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School Molyko”初级汉语综合课的教学设计与实践。通过对该校汉语学习情况的调查研究,以及对综合课教学设计的深入分析,评估和反思,为喀麦隆中学汉语教学提供理论依据和实践指导。本研究具有重要的学术和实际意义,既丰富了国际汉语教育理论,又为汉语教师在非洲国家的教学实践提供了具体参考。在第二章中,研究对喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School Molyko”中学汉语学习情况进行了详尽调查。调查采用问卷、访谈等方法,收集了学生、教师和学校管理者的多维度数据。分析结果显示,该校学生对汉语学习具有较高兴趣,但在学习过程中也面临诸多挑战,如语言环境缺乏、学习资源不足和教学方法单一等问题。这些问题的存在,不仅制约了学生的汉语学习效果,也影响了汉语教学的进一步发展。第三章聚焦于“Bilingual Grammar School Molyko”中学生综合课的教学设计。根据调查结果和教学实践经验,结合汉语国际教育的理论和方法,设计了一套适合喀麦隆中学生的汉语综合课教学方案。该方案从教学目标、课程设置、教学内容、教学方法和评价体系等方面进行了系统规划。教学目标明确,注重听、说、读、写四项技能的全面发展;课程设置合理,既有基础知识的传授,又有文化素养的培养;教学内容丰富,涵盖语言知识、文化知识和交际能力的培养;教学方法多样,采用任务型教学、情景教学等方法,提高学生的学习兴趣和参与度;评价体系完善,既有形成性评价,又有终结性评价,全面监测学生的学习效果。第四章对“Bilingual Grammar School Molyko”初级中文综合课的教学设计进行了评估与反思。评估采用质性和量性相结合的方法,通过课堂观察、学生测试、教师访谈等途径,全面分析了教学设计的实施效果。评估结果表明,该教学设计在提高学生汉语水平和学习兴趣方面取得了一定成效,但也存在一些不足,如教学资源有限、师资力量不足、教学方法需要进一步改进等。基于评估结果,研究提出了一系列改进建议,如增加教学资源投入、加强教师培训、改进教学方法等,为后续的教学实践提供了有益参考。本研究通过对喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School Molyko”初级汉语综合课教学设计的调查、分析和反思,不仅丰富了国际汉语教育理论,也为喀麦隆中学汉语教学实践提供了重要参考。研究结果显示,科学合理的教学设计对提高学生汉语学习效果具有重要作用,但同时也需要持续关注和解决实际教学中存在的问题,才能真正实现汉语教育的长远发展。本论文的研究方法具有一定创新性,通过综合运用问卷调查、访谈、课堂观察和教学评估等多种方法,获取了详实的数据,确保了研究结果的可靠性和科学性。研究不仅对喀麦隆汉语教学具有重要指导意义,也对其他非洲国家的汉语教育实践具有参考价值。希望本研究能够为喀麦隆及其他非洲国家的汉语教学提供有益借鉴,推动国际汉语教育事业的发展。

关键词：喀麦隆中学汉语教学教学设计你好喀麦隆

Wild Nutrition’s Food-Grown® Magnesium Supplementation Increases Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration and reduces Stress in a Healthy Adult Population: A Double-Blind, randomised, Placebo-Controlled Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 509-523页

作者： David Briskey Jane Erickson Chelsie smith Amanda rao School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Australia rDC Clinical Brisbane Australia

Background: Magnesium, an essential mineral crucial for various bodily functions, has been shown to positively influence sleep patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Food-Grown® magnesium in enhancing sleep quality and duration, as well as overall well-being. Methods: Eighty participants were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mg of Food-Grown® magnesium or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) daily for 8 weeks. Participants completed questionnaires assessing sleep quality, daytime drowsiness, quality of life, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, participants maintained daily sleep diaries and wore wrist-worn actigraphy devices. The primary outcome measured was the change in sleep quality and duration. results: Seventy-one participants fulfilled all study requirements (35 in the active group and 36 in the placebo group). Magnesium supplementation significantly improved reported sleep quality, with the active group showing a 32% increase compared to 16% in the placebo group (p = 0.034). Moreover, magnesium supplementation led to a decrease in reported stress scores at week 8 compared to the placebo group (3.7 ± 2.6 vs. 5.5 ± 3.1, respectively). Both the magnesium and placebo groups exhibited significant increases in reported sleep duration and reductions in time to fall asleep, sleep disturbance, sleep latency, sleep medication usage, and total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score at week 8 compared to baseline. Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation notably enhanced sleep quality and reduced stress levels compared to the placebo group. These findings highlight the potential of magnesium as a beneficial supplement for improving sleep quality and overall well-being.

关键词： Magnesium Sleep Quality Sleep Duration Stress Food-Grown

Hybrid Scalable researcher recommendation System Using Azure Data Lake Analytics

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2024年第1期12卷 76-88页

作者： Dinesh Kalla Nathan smith Fnu Samaah Kiran Polimetla Department of Doctoral Studies Colorado Technical University Colorado Springs CO USA Department of Computer Science Harrisburg University of Science and Technology Harrisburg PA USA Adobe Technology Service (ATS) Department Adobe San Jose CA USA

This research paper has provided the methodology and design for implementing the hybrid author recommender system using Azure Data Lake Analytics and Power BI. It offers a recommendation for the top 1000 Authors of computer science in different fields of study. The technique used in this paper is handling the inadequate Information for citation;it removes the problem of cold start, which is encountered by very many other recommender systems. In this paper, abstracts, the titles, and the Microsoft academic graphs have been used in coming up with the recommendation list for every document, which is used to combine the content-based approaches and the co-citations. Prioritization and the blending of every technique have been allowed by the tuning system parameters, allowing for the authority in results of recommendation versus the paper novelty. In the end, we do observe that there is a direct correlation between the similarity rankings that have been produced by the system and the scores of the participant. The results coming from the associated scrips of analysis and the user survey have been made available through the recommendation system. Managers must gain the required expertise to fully utilize the benefits that come with business intelligence systems [1]. Data mining has become an important tool for managers that provides insights about their daily operations and leverage the information provided by decision support systems to improve customer relationships [2]. Additionally, managers require business intelligence systems that can rank the output in the order of priority. ranking algorithm can replace the traditional data mining algorithms that will be discussed in-depth in the literature review [3].

关键词： Azure Data Lake U-SQL Author recommendation System Power BI Microsoft Academic Big Data Word Embedding

Accelerating materials discovery using artificial intelligence, high performance computing and robotics

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 767-775页

作者： Edward O.Pyzer-Knapp Jed W.Pitera Peter W.J.Staar Seiji Takeda Teodoro Laino Daniel P.Sanders James Sexton John r.smith Alessandro Curioni IBM research Europe-Daresbury DaresburyUK IBM Almaden research Centre San JoseCAUSA IBM research Europe Zurich RüschlikonSwitzerland IBM research Tokyo TokyoJapan IBM Thomas J.Watson research Centre Yorktown HeightsNYUSA

New tools enable new ways of working,and materials science is no *** materials discovery,traditional manual,serial,and human-intensive work is being augmented by automated,parallel,and iterative processes driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI),simulation and experimental *** this perspective,we describe how these new capabilities enable the acceleration and enrichment of each stage of the discovery *** show,using the example of the development of a novel chemically amplified photoresist,how these technologies’ impacts are amplified when they are used in concert with each other as powerful,heterogeneous workflows.

关键词： artificial computing enable

Bilateral nephrolithiasis and upper tract transitional cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney

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Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 247-249页

作者： Jacob M.Gaines Eric J.Macdonald Arun rai David Hoenig Arthur.smith Zeph Okeke Tareq Aro The smith Institute for Urology Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellLake SuccessNYUSA

Nephroureterectomy is currently the criterion-standard treatment for high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC).Current guidelines and expert opinions propose some exceptions to this approach based on patient characteristics,disease status,and function of the contralateral *** present a rare case of a patient with horseshoe kidney,bilateral large nephrolithiasis,high-grade UTUC in one moiety,and relative parenchymal thinning of the contralateral *** patient was treated with a percutaneous,minimally invasive,nephron sparing *** patient also had intracollecting system instillations of gemcitabine and *** invasive percutaneous resection of high-grade UTUC is a safe procedure in select *** guidelines may not apply to all patients;unique scenarios with UTUC may require personalized decision-making and treatment at specialized centers.

关键词： Upper tract urothelial cancer Percutaneous resection Horseshoe kidney Nephrolithiasis

Impact of COVID-19 on Safety Performance for Motorcycles: Pre-and during-Pandemic Conditions

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 390-401页

作者： Hongyun Chen Amelia Lawson Charles Hurda Madalyn smith Tate Grant Civil Engineering Department Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach FL USA

Florida has the highest number of motorcycle fatalities in the United States and contains the second largest population of registered motorcycles. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the roads, traffic, and driving behavior in the continental United States. Motorcycle crashes decreased during the COVID-19 years (2020 and 2021) while the fatality rates increased. The purpose of this study is to 1) investigate motorcycle crashes before and during the Pandemic period to understand the impacts on motorcycle safety and contributing factors to the crash severity levels;2) develop the crash predictive model for different degrees of severity in motorcycle crashes in Florida. Florida statewide crash data were collected. T tests have been conducted to compare the contributing factors between two periods. The injury severities are significantly different among all five levels between those during normal period and the Pandemic period. A crash predictive model has been developed to determine the facts to injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes. A total of eight variables are found to significantly increase the injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes during the Pandemic period.

关键词： Motorcycle Crash Pandemic Injury Severity Contributing Factors

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. rooney Gerald r. smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems