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Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： Ali Momeni Barry clarke Yong Sheng Ali Hassanpour WSp 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle mechanisms.The triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as soil.However,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain phenomenon.Therefore a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during loading.This paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the pFC 2D code.To investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,i.***.with rigid and deformable lateral boundary conditions.The DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear band.The comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

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Effectiveness of ivermectin mass drug administration in the control of soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Brandon Le Naomi E.clarke Nicolas Legrand Susana Vaz Nery The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesLevel 6Wallace Wurth BuildingSydneyNSW2052Australia

Background Current soil-transmitted helminth(STH)control guidelines endorse the use of albendazole or meben-dazole for school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy(pC),yet their reduced efficacy against Strongyloides sterc-oralis and Trichuris trichiura presents significant limitations.Emerging evidence indicates that community-wide pC[or mass drug administration(MDA)]using ivermectin,commonly used in other neglected tropical disease(NTD)control programs,may play an important role in controlling these parasites.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin pC in reducing STH prevalence in endemic populations.Methods We searched pubmed,EMBASE,and Web of Science on February 14,2023,for studies that investigated the effectiveness of ivermectin pC,either alone or in combination with other anthelmintic drugs,on STH infec-tions,and provided a measure of STH prevalence before and after pC.We calculated pooled prevalence reductions for each STH using random-effects meta-analyses.Our protocol is available on pROSpERO(registration number CRD42023401219).Results A total of 21 were eligible for the systematic review,of which 15 were eligible for meta-analysis.All studies delivered ivermectin through MDA.The pooled prevalence reduction of S.stercoralis following MDA with ivermec-tin alone was 84.49%(95%CI:54.96-94.66)across five studies and 81.37%(95% CI:61.62-90.96)across seven studies with or without albendazole.The prevalence reduction of T.trichiura was 49.93%(95%CI:18.23-69.34)across five studies with ivermectin alone,and 89.40%(95%CI:73.66-95.73)across three studies with the addition of albendazole.There was high heterogeneity for all syntheses(I^(2)>65%).Conclusions This study underscores the key role of ivermectin-based MDA in addressing limitations in current global STH guidelines in terms of limited efficacy against S.stercoralis and T.trichiura.Based on these findings,revising inter-national STH guidelines to include ivermectin is a promising option to progress the

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths vermectin Albendazole Mass drug administration preventive chemotherapy

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Use of patient-Specific “4D” Tele-Education to Enhance Actual and perceived Knowledge in Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) patients

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 5-17页

作者： Molly clarke Karin Hamann Nancy Klein Laura Olivieri Yue-Hin Loke Department of Inpatient Cardiology Boston Children’s HospitalBoston02115USA Department of Cardiology Children’s National HospitalWashington20001USA Department of Cardiology Noninvasive Cardiac ImagingUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPittsburgh15224USA

Background:patients with congenital heart disease(CHD)will transition to lifelong adult congenital cardiac care.However,their structural heart disease is challenging to convey via two-dimensional drawings.This study utilized a tele-educational environment,with personalized three-dimensional(3D)modeling and health Details(3D+Details=“4D”),to improve actual and perceived knowledge,both important components of transition readiness in CHD patients.Methods:participants aged≥13 years with a history of CHD and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)studies were eligible.Cardiac MRI datasets were then used to segment and create 3D heart models(using Mimics,Materialize Inc.).participantsﬁrst completed the MyHeart Questionnaire,a validated survey of actual knowledge.A tele-educational session was then scheduled,during which participants were shown a 3D model of a normal heart,followed by their personal 3D heart model and speciﬁc health details.participants then repeated the actual knowledge survey,in addition to questionnaires assessing perceived knowledge pre-and post-session,as well as a satisfaction survey.Results:Twenty-two patients were included.Actual knowledge increased from 75%±15%to 89%±20%(p=0.00043)and perceived knowledge increased inﬁve of seven questions.Actual knowledge correlated with perceived knowledge(r=0.608,ppercent of participants ranked the 3D model as“very satisfactory”and ninety-ﬁve percent ranked the educational session as“very help-ful”or“extremely helpful.”Conclusions:The use of“4D”tele-education increased both actual and perceived knowledge and may help improve transition readiness in CHD patients.

关键词： Congenital heart disease tele-education transition

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弱视

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英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第3期19卷 142-147页

作者： Joanna M Jefferis Alan J Connor michael p.clarke 马楠李树宁 Department ofOphthalmology Royal Hallamshire Hospital. Sheffield.UK Department of Ophthahnology Hospital for Sick Children TorontoCanada Newcastle Eye Centre Newcastleupon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LPUK 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科

什么是弱视？弱视一种视皮质功能受损的疾病。它是由于儿童时期视觉发育异常所致，继发于另一个病理过程，可以导致单眼永久的视力下降。弱视会导致一系列的视功能受损（表1）。我们常用“懒惰眼”来指代弱视，但是该病需与斜视相区分... 详细信息

什么是弱视？弱视一种视皮质功能受损的疾病。它是由于儿童时期视觉发育异常所致，继发于另一个病理过程，可以导致单眼永久的视力下降。弱视会导致一系列的视功能受损（表1）。我们常用“懒惰眼”来指代弱视，但是该病需与斜视相区分。斜视与弱视有可能同时存在，但是治疗必须分别进行。

关键词：视皮质功能受损儿童时期视觉发育异常视功能受损

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Functional lumen imaging probe use in a high-volume practice:practical and technical implications

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第7期16卷 396-405页

作者： Yan Jiang Raul Vazquez-Reyes Afrin Kamal Thomas Zikos George Triadafilopoulos John O clarke Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineRedwoodCA 94063United States

BACKGROUND The functional lumen imaging probe(FLIp)is a Food and Drug Administration approved tool to aid the diagnosis and management of esophageal disorders.However,widespread adoption of FLIp remains limited and its utility in highvolume practices remains unclear.AIM To analyze large sample data on clinical use of FLIp and provide insight on several technical aspects when performing FLIp.METHODS We conducted a retrospective comparative and descriptive analysis of FLIp procedures performed by a single provider at an academic medical center.There was a total of 398 FLIp procedures identified.patient medical records were reviewed and data regarding demographics and procedural details were collected.Statistical tests,including chi-squared,t-test,and multivariable logistic and linear regression,were performed.RESULTS There was an increase in FLIp cases with each successive time period of 13 months(n=68,146,184,respectively)with notable rises specifically for indications of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease.There was a shift toward use of the longer FLIp balloon catheter for diagnostic purposes(overall 70.4%vs 29.6%,pperformed in conjunction with other diagnostics/interventions,such as dilation and wireless pH probe placement.procedures were nearly equally performed with anesthesia vs moderate sedation(51.4%anesthesia),with no major complications.patients who had anesthesia were less likely to have recurrent antegrade contractions[odds ratio(OR)=0.4,95%CI:0.3-0.8]and were also more likely to have absent contractility(OR=2.4,95%CI:1.3-CONCLUSION FLIp cases have increased in our practice with expanding indications for its use.Given limited normative data,providers should be aware of several potential technical issues,including the possible impact of sedation choice when assessing esophageal motility patterns.

关键词： Gastroenterology Endoscopy Functional lumen imaging probe Esophagus Motility

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中国非动脉硬化性心血管疾病人群脂蛋白(a)水平分布特征及影响因素

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中华流行病学杂志 2024年第6期45卷 779-786页

作者：柯雅蕾潘烺吕筠孙点剑一裴培陈怡平杨玲杜怀东 clarke Robert 陈君石陈铮鸣章晓陈婷李润琴齐丽彤李立明余灿清代表中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目协作组北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系北京100191 北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心北京100191 重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学) 北京100191 牛津大学临床与流行病学研究中心纳菲尔德人群健康系牛津OX37LF 国家食品安全风险评估中心北京100022 北京诺华制药有限公司北京102200 北京大学第一医院心内科北京100034 不详

目的描述中国非动脉硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)人群脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]的分布并分析其影响因素。方法基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目的一项巢式病例对照研究,选取其中进行了血液生化指标检测的对照人群进行分析,使用参比实验室检定的多克隆... 详细信息

目的描述中国非动脉硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)人群脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]的分布并分析其影响因素。方法基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目的一项巢式病例对照研究,选取其中进行了血液生化指标检测的对照人群进行分析,使用参比实验室检定的多克隆抗体比浊法测定Lp(a)水平,≥75.0 nmol/L定义为高Lp(a)。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析Lp(a)水平的影响因素。结果在纳入研究的5870名非ASCVD人群中,Lp(a)水平呈正偏态分布,M(Q1,Q3)为17.5(8.8,43.5)nmol/L。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性与高Lp(a)相关(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.05~1.43),中心性肥胖者的高Lp(a)风险降低(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.52~0.89)。随TC、LDL-C、载脂蛋白A1(Apo A1)和载脂蛋白B(Apo B)水平升高,高Lp(a)风险增加,各升高组的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.40(1.76~3.24)、2.68(1.36~4.93)、1.29(1.03~1.61)和1.65(1.27~2.13);HDL-C降低组高Lp(a)风险降低,OR值(95%CI)为0.76(0.61~0.94);而TG、Apo A1与Apo B的比值(Apo A1/B)与高Lp(a)风险呈负相关,TG升高组的OR值(95%CI)为0.73(0.60~0.89),Apo A1/B升高组的OR值(95%CI)为0.60(0.50~0.72);Lp(a)水平与血脂指标(除Apo A1外)的相关性均存在线性趋势(线性趋势检验p≤0.001)。未发现行为生活方式因素如饮食、吸烟、体力活动水平与Lp(a)水平存在统计学关联。结论Lp(a)水平与性别及中心性肥胖有关,但受行为生活方式因素影响较小。

关键词：脂蛋白(a) 非动脉硬化性心血管疾病人群分布影响因素

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Sendai Framework’s Global Targets A and B: Opinions from the Global platform for Disaster Risk Reduction’s Ignite Stage 2019

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 651-663页

作者： Nibedita S.Ray-Bennett Krishna clarke Daniel Mendez School of Business University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Avoidable Deaths Network University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Office of the president Saint michael Parish of Saint MichaelCaribbean Development BankBridgetown 11000Barbados

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 set seven global targets of which the first two targets are to reduce disaster deaths(target A) and diminish the number of affected people globally(target B)by 2030.To realize these targets,the United Nations General Assembly’s Expert Working Group provided indicators to measure progress as well as terminologies for these targets in 2017.Research around these targets is nascent.This article contributes to the understanding of the targets by exploring:(1) what are the conditions that may hinder achieving targets,as well as those that may accelerate their achievement at the national and local levels;and(2) which types of organizations should lead a country’s effort to reduce disaster deaths?These questions were answered by opinion survey research carried out at the Sixth Session of the Global platform for Disaster Risk Reduction.The participants identified disaster risk reduction efforts,early warning systems,awareness,finance and investment(among others) as the important facilitating factors to achieve targets A and B.Minimal investment in human security,lack of response and coordination,uncertainty of climate change,poor information,lack of campaigns and low budget allocation(among others) are considered as the important hindering factors for these targets by the participants.The findings also suggest that the facilitating and hindering variables of targets A and B are interconnected with global target E(disaster risk governance and capacity building).The majority of the participants thought that it is the national government who should lead in a country’s effort to reduce disaster deaths.Based on these findings,a few recommendations have been made to improve policy and practice related to the indicators as well as to reimagine theories so that targets A and B can be realized in alignment with target E at the national and local levels by 2030.

关键词： Disaster deaths Disaster risk reduction Global platform for Disaster Risk Reduction HealthEDRM Health system Sendai Framework’s targets A and B

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Interpreting uninterpretable predictors:kernel methods,Shtarkov solutions,and random forests

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2022年第1期6卷 10-28页

作者： T.M.Le Bertrand clarke Department of mathematics scienceand informaticsmercer universityatlantagausa department of statistics university of nebraska-lincolnlincolnneusa

Many of the best predictors for complex problems are typically regarded as hard to interpret physically.These include kernel methods,Shtarkov solutions,and random forests.We show that,despite the inability to interpret these three predictors to infinite precision,they can be asymptotically approximated and admit conceptual interpretations in terms of their mathe-matical/statistical properties.The resulting expressions can be in terms of polynomials,basis elements,or other functions that an analyst may regard as interpretable.

关键词： Bayes boosting kernel methods random forest Shtarkov predictor stacking

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From laboratory to the field: consistent effects of experience on host location by the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 863-872页

作者： Ayad Masry John p.Cunningham Anthony R.clarke School of Earth Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria Research AgilBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Associative learning is well documented in Hymenopteran parasitoids, where it is thought to be an adaptive mechanism for increasing successful host location in complex environments. Based on this learning capacity, it has been suggested that providing prerelease training to parasitoids reared for inundative release may lead to a subsequent increase in their efficacy as biological control agents. Using the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha krausii we tested this hypothesis in a series of associative learning experiments which involved the parasitoid, two host fruits (tomatoes and nectarine), and one host fly (Bactrocera ttyoni). In sequential Y-tube olfactometer studies, large field-cage studies, and then open field studies, naive wasps showed a consistent preference for nectarines over tomatoes. The preference for nectarines was retained, but not significantly increased, for wasps which had prior training exposure to nectarines. However, and again consistently at all three spatial scales, prior experience on tomatoes led to significantly increased attraction to this fruit by tomato-trained wasps, including those liberated freely in the environment. These results, showing consistency of learning at multiple spatial scales, gives confidence to the many laboratory-based learning studies which are extrapolated to the field without testing. The experiment also provides direct experimental support for the proposed practice of enhancing the quality of inundatively released parasitoids through associative learning.

关键词： biological control inundative release learning mass rearing Opiinae Tephritidae

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“Digging in the Dirt”faecal microRNAs as dietary biomarkers of host-microbe interactions

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 292-294页

作者： Gerard M.Moloney John F.Cryan Gerard clarke Department of Anatomy&Neuroscience University College CorkCorkIreland ApC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkCorkIreland Department of psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science University College CorkCorkIreland

The role of diet and nutrition in maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become a central part of chronic disease prevention(1).Chronic conditions such as cancer,Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and obesity are more prevalent in people with poor diets(2).Food consumption is controlled by physiological systems such as the gut-microbiome and distinct neuroendocrine pathways that overlap to promote host nutritional gain resulting in people living longer healthier lives(3).A recent analysis of the global burden of disease by the World Health Organization(WHO),noted that factors associated with poor diet,including obesity and malnutrition,critically undermine health and wellbeing.They note that undernutrition,deficiencies in key nutrients and obesity have high social and economic impacts.Cardiovascular disease,cancer,diabetes,and respiratory diseases account for 77%of all diseases and are responsible for 86%of all premature deaths(4).There is an appreciation that diets that reduce or eliminate red meats and animal fats results in the reduction of many of the indicators of poor diet,such as body mass index(BMI)and levels of cholesterol in the blood.

关键词： prevention eliminate overlap

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