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Biogeographic diversification in Nolana(Solanaceae),a ubiquitous member of the Atacama and Peruvian Deserts along the western coast of South America

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 457-476页

作者： michael o.dillon Victor QUIPUSCoA SILVESTRE Department of Botany The Field Museum1400 South Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605USA Departamento de Botánica Universidad Nacional de San Agustín

The present paper reconstructs the biogeographic diversification for Nolana L.f.(Solanaceae),a genus of 89 endemic species largely restricted to fog-dependent desert lomas formations of coastal Peru and *** efforts have reconstructed a phylogenetic estimate for Nolana using a combination of molecular ***,we expand on those results to examine hypotheses of biogeographic origins and diversification *** occupies habitats within a continuous coastal desert and forms a terrestrial archipelago of discrete "islands" unique in size,topography,and species *** locality contains at least one Nolana species and many contain multiple species in *** genus has a Chilean origin,with the basal clades confined to Chile with wide geographic and ecological *** contains two strongly supported clades,suggesting two introductions with subsequent radiation.A Chilean clade of shrubby,small-flowered species appears to have had its origins from the same ancestors of the second line that radiated in Peru and northern *** galapagensis is endemic to the Islas Gala’pagos,with origins traced to Peruvian taxa with a divergence time of 0.35 *** of diversification over the past 4.02 mya in Nolana,in one of the driest habitats on Earth,suggest rapid adaptive radiation in several *** in Nolana may be attributed to characters that confer a competitive advantage in unpredictable and water-dependent environments,such as succulent leaf anatomy and ecophysiology,and the reproductive mericarp unique to *** processes affecting or shaping the biota of western South America are discussed.

关键词： Atacama Desert biogeography chloroplast DNA LEAFY second intron Nolana Peruvian Desert Solanaceae South America.

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The ooDA Loop--How a combat operations process can help leaders make decisions

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第9期 22-23,45页

作者： michael dillon 不详

As a third-generation executive of a family-owned printing business,I've had the good fortune to access incredible mentors and advisers who have bestowed amazing *** counsel has followed me throughout my career,paying... 详细信息

关键词： operations printing owned

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Proteomic and genomic studies of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-clues in the pathogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第26期20卷 8325-8340页

作者： Jun Wei Lim John dillon michael Miller Department of Gas-troenterology University of DundeeNinewells Hospital and Medical School

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a widely prevalent hepatic disorder that covers wide spectrum of liver *** is strongly associated with liver inflammation,metabolic hyperlipidaemia and insulin ***,NAFLD has been considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic *** pathophysiology of NAFLD has not been fully *** patients can remain in the stage of simple steatosis,which generally is a benign condition;whereas others can develop liver inflammation and progress into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** mechanism behind the progression is still not fully *** ongoing proteomic researches have focused on discovering the unbiased circulating biochemical markers to allow early detection and treatment of *** genomic studies have also begun to provide new insights into the gene polymorphism to understand patientdisease ***,NAFLD is considered a complex and mutifactorial disease phenotype resulting from environmental exposures acting on a susceptible polygenic *** paper reviewed the current status of proteomic and genomic studies that have contributed to the understanding of NAFLD *** proteomics section,this review highlighted functional proteins that involved in:(1)transportation;(2)metabolic pathway;(3)acute phase reaction;(4)antiinflammatory;(5)extracellular matrix;and(6)immune *** the genomic studies,this review will discuss genes which involved in:(1)lipolysis;(2)adipokines;and(3)cytokines production.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Proteomics Genomics Metabolic syndrome Pathophysiology

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Phylogeny and putative hybridization in the subtribe Paranepheliinae （Liabeae, Asteraceae）, implications for classification, biogeography, and Andean orogeny

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植物分类学报 2008年第3期46卷 375-390页

作者： Akiko SoEJIMA Jun WEN Mario ZAPATA michael o. dillon School of Science Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History MR C-166 Smithsonian Institution Washington DC 20013 -7012 USA Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Antenor Orrego Trujillo 1075 Peru Department of Botany The Field Museum Chicago IL 60605 USA

The nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the chloroplast trnL-trnF (trnLF) intergenic region were se-quenced for 45 accessions of Paranephelius and six accessions of Pseudonoseris, the two genera of the subtribe Paranepheliinae (Liabeae, Asteraceae) distributed in the alpine regions of the Andes. This data set was used to estimate relationships between these genera and within each genus to aid in evaluating morphological variation and classification. our results with both ITS and trnLF markers support the monophyly of subtribe Paranephelii-nae, and place Pseudonoseris discolor as the first diverged taxon sister to the clade containing Paranephelius. Pseudonoseris szyszylowiczii exhibited intraspecific divergence supporting intergeneric hybridization between Pseudonoseris and Paranephelius. Within Paranephelius, genetic divergence is low and not adequate to fully resolve phylogenetic relationships at the species level, but two genetically and morphologically recognizable groups were revealed by the ITS data. Several accessions possessing multiple ITS sequences represent putative hybrids between the two groups. These putative hybrids have caused some taxonomic confusion and difficulties in establishing species boundaries in Paranephelius. The divergence time estimates based on ITS sequences indi-cated that the stem of subtribe Paranepheliinae dates to 13 million years ago, but the diversification of the crown clade of the extant members began in the early Pleistocene or late Pliocene, perhaps associated with the uplift of the Andes and the climatic changes of global cooling.

关键词：系统演化杂交生物地理学安第斯山脉造山运动

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Thermal Performance of MR-16 Light Emitting Diode Products

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Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 2016年第4期6卷 127-138页

作者： michael Beck Heather dillon Belinda Li Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Portland Portland USA

The thermal properties of Light Emitting Diode (LED) products have a significant impact on their longevity and overall performance. Products which are unable to adequately dissipate heat degrade, shortening the projected lifespan. A testing apparatus has been constructed to characterize the thermal behavior of MR-16 LED products. This paper documents the testing setup and measurement results for 9 separate products, and identifies product characteristics which demonstrate higher success at heat dissipation. The thermal performance was quantified using experimental data and heat transfer models. Calculations to quantify the magnitude of heat transferred through radiation and convection in each LED product were performed. Results indicate some of the products are better optimized to enhance convection heat transfer.

关键词： Heat Transfer LED MR-16 Convection Radiation Thermal Performance Lighting

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Association of serum bilirubin and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A feasible therapeutic avenue?

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2014年第4期3卷 209-216页

作者： Mohamed S Anwar John F dillon michael H Miller Gut Group Medical Research Institute Ninewells Hospital and Medical School University of Dundee Dundee DD1 9SY United Kingdom

AIM： To the look at the current strength of evidence and the potential application of anti-oxidants in this ***： Two electronic databases （PubMed and Web of Knowledge） were searched to January 2013 to find studies addressing serum bilirubin levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. The search used key word combinations in relation to NAFLD and serum bilirubin specifc to human adults only. After screening selected studies were reviewed in depth by two inde-pendent reviewers. Data synthesis with further metaanalysis was planned but not possible due to the het-erogeneity of the outcome measures in these ***： out of 416 studies screened only seven studies were considered suitable for inclusion. All seven studies consistently reported an inverse association of bilirubin with NAFLD despite the heterogeneous sample of studies. only two studies were prospective. No negative studies were ***： Most studies suggest a correlation between high bilirubin levels of any type are inversely correlated with NAFLD. But to date most of these stud-ies have been poorly designed to allow meaningful con-clusions, except one cohort study. There is a need for a large prospective cohort study in multiple populations to test this hypothesis fully before mechanistic associa-tions can be established and therapeutic options of the apparent anti-oxidant effect of bilirubin be explored in NAFLD. Furthermore these studies should include analysis of UGT1A1 gene to expound upon underlying cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.

关键词： Review Systematic Bilirubin Hyperbiliru-binemia Anti-oxidants Adult Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review and meta analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第23期19卷 3678-3684页

作者： Srinivas R Puli Nikhil Kalva Matthew L Bechtold Smitha R Pamulaparthy Micheal D Cashman Norman C Estes Richard H Pearl Fritz-Henry Volmar Sonu dillon michael F Shekleton David Forcione Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Illinois Peoria Campus OSF Saint Francis Medical CenterPeoria IL 61637 United States Department of Internal Medicine University of Illinois Peoria Campus OSF Saint Francis Medical CenterPeoria IL 61637 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbia MS 65212 United States Department of Surgery University of Illinois Peoria Campus OSF Saint Francis Medical CenterPeoria IL 61637 United States Interventional Endoscopy Services Gastrointestinal Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02114 United States

AIM: To detect pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) has been varied. This study is undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in detecting ***: only EUS studies confirmed by surgery or appropriate follow-up were selected. Articles were searched in Medline, ovid journals, Medline nonindexed citations, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews. Pooling was conducted by both fixed and random effects model). RESULTS: Initial search identified 2610 reference articles, of these 140 relevant articles were selected and reviewed. Data was extracted from 13 studies (n = 456) which met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity of EUS in detecting a PNETs was 87.2% (95%CI: 82.2-91.2). EUS had a pooled specificity of 98.0% (95%CI: 94.3-99.6). The positive likelihood ratio of EUS was 11.1 (95%CI: 5.34-22.8) and negative likelihood ratio was 0.17 (95%CI: 0.13-0.24). The diagnostic odds ratio, the odds of having anatomic PNETs in positive as compared to negative EUS studies was 94.7 (95%CI: 37.9-236.1). Begg-Mazumdar bias indicator for publication bias gave a Kendall's tau value of 0.31 (P = 0.16), indication no publication bias. The P for χ2 heterogeneity for all the pooled accuracy estimates was > 0.10. CoNCLUSIoN: EUS has excellent sensitivity and specificity to detect PNETs. EUS should be strongly considered for evaluation of PNETs.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Ultrasound Endosonography Pancreatic mass Neuroendocrine tumors Sensitivity Specificity Positive predictive value Negative predictive value

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Tree Population Dynamics of Three Altitudinal Vegetation Communities on Mount Cameroon(1989-2004)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第4期8卷 495-504页

作者： Philip F.FoRBoSEH Terry C.H.SUNDERLAND James A.CoMISKEY michael BALINGA Plan Cameroon P O Box 25236 MessaYaoundéCameroon Centre for International Forestry Research(CIFoR) Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service120 Chatham Lane Smithsonian Institution S.Dillon Ripley Center1100 JeffersonDrive SW Washington DC 20560USA Center for International Forestry Research(CIFoR)

Changes in permanent sample plots in the lowland,submontane and montane forests on Mount Cameroon(4,095 m above sea level),an active volcano,are described for 15 years from 1989 to *** the study period,the stocking level of trees with a diameter at breast height(DBH) ≥ 10 cm in the three forests were lower than in pan-tropical stands suggesting a significant impact of volcanic and human-related activities on the vegetation communities on the *** mortality rates in the submontane and montane forests were consistent with those reported for comparable altitudinal ranges in the Blue Mountains of *** annual mortality rate was higher in the lowland forest than other lowland sites *** between recruitment and mortality rates was large suggesting that the three vegetation communities have not reached their *** seven-year difference in half-life of large trees(with a DBH ≥ 50 cm) in the submontane and montane forests suggests an altitudinal effect on turnover of larger trees that in turn contributes to the frequent small stature of high altitude *** was little evidence of an altitudinal effect on species turnover and growth *** finding supports generalizations about the zero effect of growth on the stature of high altitude *** forest dynamics is crucially important in the management of tropical montane environmentsand in this instance particularly so given the recent creation of the Mount Cameroon National Park.

关键词： Growth rates Recruitment Mortality Altitude Half-life Mount Cameroon

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对加拿大东南部湖泊从酸沉降效应中恢复的评价

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AMBIo－人类环境杂志 2003年第3期32卷 176-182页

作者： Dean S.Jeffries Thomas A.Clair Suzanne Couture Peter J.dillon Jacques Dupont Wendel(BiIl)Keller Donald K. McNico michael A.Turner Robert Vet Russell Weeber 张路加拿大环境署国立水研究所加拿大环境署特伦特大学环境与资源系魁北克环境署水环境信息中心劳伦大学生物系加拿大环境署野生动物中心渔业和海洋局

北美洲So_2排放量的减少激起了人们对加拿大东南部的水生态系统能迅速摆脱酸化的状态的期待。但是只有那些明显减少了排放量的冶炼厂附近的湖泊达到了这种期望值。在临近大西洋的省份魁北克和安大略,受远程污染源影响的湖泊的硫酸根离子... 详细信息

北美洲So_2排放量的减少激起了人们对加拿大东南部的水生态系统能迅速摆脱酸化的状态的期待。但是只有那些明显减少了排放量的冶炼厂附近的湖泊达到了这种期望值。在临近大西洋的省份魁北克和安大略,受远程污染源影响的湖泊的硫酸根离子(So_4^(2-))浓度都有一定降低,但pH和碱度则仅有较少量的提高。对于这种延迟的酸度响应,有如下几种因素可以解释:碱基阳离子含量的下降,干旱加速So_4^(2-)的迁栘,水体内部碱性物项生成机制遭到破坏;同时硝酸盐和有机阴离子含量的提高也可能是其中的原因。对加拿大东南部生物恢复的监测资料非常有限,即使有的话,在萨德伯里(Sudbury)和基拉尼(Killarney)地区以外也很难找到恢复的证据。比如,尽管除了酸化作用外其他因素也对上述现象有一定影响,新思科舍河中的大西洋鲑鱼出现率和安大略湖潜鸟的繁殖成功率实际上正在下降。化学和生物学模型预测,只有比目前法规要求严格的多的So_2排放削减额才能促进广泛的化学恢复和其后的生物恢复,而在加拿大东南部的众多湖泊中重建工业化前的化学与生物学条件或许很难实现。

关键词：加拿大湖泊酸沉降恢复评价远程污染源

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