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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第13期12卷 1985-1990页

作者： Gijs JD van Acker George Perides michael l.steer Department of Surgery and the Boston Pancreas Group Tufts-New England Medical Center 860 Washington StreetBostonMA 02111United States

Acute pancreatitis is generally believed to be a disease in which the pancreas is injured by digestive enzymes that it normally produces. Most of the potentially harmful digestive enzymes produced by pancreatic acinar cells are synthesized and secreted as inactive zymogens which are normally activated only upon entry into the duodenum but, during the early stages of acute pancreatitis, those zymogens become prematurely activated within the pancreas and, presumably, that activation occurs within pancreatic acinar cells. The mechanisms responsible for intracellular activation of digestive enzyme zymogens have not been elucidated with certainty but, according to one widely recognized theory （the ＂co-localization hypothesis＂）, digestive enzyme zymogens are activated by lysosomal hydrolases when the two types of enzymes become co-localized within the same intracellular compartment. This review focuses on the evidence supporting the validity of the m-localization hypothesis as an explanation for digestive enzyme activation during the early stages of pancreatitis. The findings, summarized in this review, support the conclusion that co-localization of lysosomal hydrolases with digestive enzyme zymogens plays a critical role in permitting the intracellular activation of digestive enzymes that leads to acinar cell injury and pancreatitis.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Digestive enzymes Pancreatic acinar cells

Amyloid-beta-dependent phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 dissociates kinesin in Alzheimer＇s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第6期13卷 1066-1080页

作者： Sara H.Mokhtar Min Joung Kim Kylie A.Magee Pei Mun Aui Speros Thomas Maha M.Bakhuraysah Amani A.Alrehaili Jae Young lee David l.steer Rachel Kenny Catriona Mc lean michael F.Azari Antonis Birpanagos Ewlina lipiec Philip Heraud Bayden Wood Steven Petratos Department of Neuroscience Central Clinical School Monash University Prahran Victoria Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash Universityl Clayton Victoria Australia Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology Alfred Hospital Prahran Victoria Australia School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia Division of Animal and Human Physiology Department of Biology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Ilisia Athens Greece The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Applied Spectroscopy RadzikowskiegoKrakow Poland Centre for Biospectroscopy and Department of Microbiology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia

Alzheimer’s disease（AD）is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary *** to the development of these characteristic pathological hallmarks of AD,anterograde axonal transport is ***,the key proteins that initiate these intracellular impairments remain *** collapsin response mediator protein-2（CRMP-2）plays an integral role in kinesin-1-dependent axonal transport and there is evidence that phosphorylation of CRMP-2releases ***,we tested the hypothesis that amyloid-beta（Aβ）-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP-2 disrupts its association with the kinesin-1（an anterograde axonal motor transport protein）in *** found that brain sections and lysates from AD patients demonstrated elevated phosphorylation of CRMP-2 at the T555 ***,in the transgenic Tg2576 mouse model of familial AD（FAD）that exhibits Aβaccumulation in the brain with age,we found substantial co-localization of p T555CRMP-2and dystrophic *** SH-SY5Y differentiated neuronal cultures,Aβ-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP-2 at the T555 site was also elevated and this reduced the CRMP-2 association with *** overexpression of an unphosphorylatable form of CRMP-2 in neurons promoted the re-establishment of CRMP-2-kinesin association and axon *** data suggest that Aβ-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP-2 at the T555 site may directly impair anterograde axonal transport protein function,leading to neuronal defects.

关键词： amyloid-beta protein kinases collapsin response mediator protein microtubules kinesin tubulin

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美国食醋市场最新动态及发展趋势

中国酿造 2006年第12期25卷 76-77页

作者：涂志英邵伟 Harald steer 三峡大学化学与生命科学学院湖北宜昌443001 University

目前全球每年调味品营业额高达2180亿美元,占到食品工业额的10%左右,是典型的'小产品、大市场'.据最新统计数字表明,美国食醋年消费量为130万kl,位居世界第一,其次为日本,年消费量为42万kl,德国居第三位.美国醋厂不仅规模大,而且厂家也... 详细信息

目前全球每年调味品营业额高达2180亿美元,占到食品工业额的10%左右,是典型的'小产品、大市场'.据最新统计数字表明,美国食醋年消费量为130万kl,位居世界第一,其次为日本,年消费量为42万kl,德国居第三位.美国醋厂不仅规模大,而且厂家也多;人均食醋消费量为2.4l.

关键词：食醋发展趋势美国市场消费量营业额调味品数字表

Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 98-105页

作者： Cletos Mapiye Tyler D Turner John A Basarab Vern S Baron Jennifer l Aalhus michael ER Dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C & E Trail Lacombe Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C & E Trail Lacombe Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada

Background： The current study evaluated the subcutaneous fatty acid （FA） composition of calf- and yearling-fed steer with or without growth promoting implants. Crossbred steers （n = 112; 267 ± 5.0 kg） of the same contemporary group were allocated to one of four production system and implant strategy based treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Results： There were no interactions （P 〉 0.05） between production systems and growth promoting implants for the total and individual subcutaneous FA. Yearling as opposed to calf finishing reduced （P 〈 0.05） subcutaneous proportions of C20：3n-6, trans （t）l 2-18：1, C14：0, several minor cis-monounsaturated FA （c-MUFA; c9-14：1, c11-16：1, cl 1-18：1, cl 2-18：1, cl 3-18：1, c9-20：1 and cl 1-20：1）, and increased （P 〈 0.05） subcutaneous proportions of tl 1 cl 5-18：2, total and individual branched-chain FA. Subcutaneous fat from steers implanted with growth promotants had higher （P 〈 0.05） proportions of total polyunsaturated FA （PUFA）, total n-6 PUFA, C18：2n-6 and individual t-18：1 isomers （t6 to tl0） compared to non-implanted steers. Conclusions： Overall, current findings show that production systems and growth promotants led to only minor differences in subcutaneous FA composition of beef steers.

关键词： Age at feedlot entry Beef Fatty acids Growth implant steers

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剥蚀对活动逆冲断层地震活动性的影响

地壳构造与地壳应力 2018年第1期5卷 23-32页

作者： Philippe steer Martine Simoes Rodolphe Cattin J.Bruce H.Shyu 王璞(翻译) 黄禄渊(校对) Geosciences Rennes Universite Rennes 1 and CNRS UMR 6118RennesFrance Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Sorbonne Paris CiteUniversity Paris DiderotUMR 7154 CNRSF-75005 ParisFrance Geosciences Montpellier Universite Montpellier Ⅱ and CNRS UMR 5243France Department of Geosciences National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10617Taiwan 不详

评估地震危害仍然是地球科学中最具挑战性的科学问题之一。经典理论认为深部构造运动是驱动地震活动断层上的应力持续加载的唯一机制。这里我们通过一个力学模型显示,在一个地震周期的时间范围内,剥蚀也会显著影响逆冲断层的应力加载。... 详细信息

评估地震危害仍然是地球科学中最具挑战性的科学问题之一。经典理论认为深部构造运动是驱动地震活动断层上的应力持续加载的唯一机制。这里我们通过一个力学模型显示,在一个地震周期的时间范围内,剥蚀也会显著影响逆冲断层的应力加载。事实上,例如台湾和其他活动逆冲造山带约0.1~20mm/a的剥蚀率就可以将震中附近的逆冲断层的库仑应力提高约0.1~10bar。在连续的或短暂和强烈的地震过程中,地表所发生的物质转移是地表附近断层的震间应力加载的主要机制。这种应力可能足以引发浅层地震活动或促进大陆深部地震的破裂一直延续到地表。

关键词：地震活动性逆冲断层剥蚀率库仑应力深部地震科学问题地球科学地震危害

Improving beef hamburger quality and fatty acid profiles through dietary manipulation and exploitation of fat depot heterogeneity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 111-121页

作者： Cletos Mapiye Jennifer l Aalhus Payam Vahmani David C Rolland Timothy A McAllister Hushton C Block Bethany Uttaro Spencer D Proctor michael E R Dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre6000 C and E TrailLacombeAlberta T4L 1 W1Canada Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityP.Bag X1Matieland 7602 South Africa Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre1st Avenue South 5403PO Box 3000LethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1 Canada Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases laboratory Diabetes and Mazankowski InstitutesLi Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E1Canada

Background： Hamburger is the most consumed beef product in North America, but lacks in nutritional appeal due to its high fat content and high proportion of saturated fatty acids （SFA）. Objectives of the present study were to improve the FA profiles of hamburgers made with perirenal fat （PRF） and subcutaneous fat （SCF） when feeding steers different diets along with examining differences in sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Diets included a control diet containing 70：30 red clover silage： barley based concentrate, a diet containing sunflower-seed （SS） substituted for barley, and diets containing SS with 15% wheat dried distillers＇ grain with solubles （DDGS-15） or 30% DDGS （DDGS-30）. Hamburgers were made from triceps brachii and either PRF or SCF （80：20 w/w）. Results： Perirenal fat versus SCF hamburgers FA had 14.3% more （P 〈0.05） 18：0, 11.8% less cis （c）9-18：1 （P 〈0.05）, and 1.82% more total trdns （t）-18：1 mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1. During sensory evaluation, PRF versus SCF hamburgers had greater （P 〈0.05） mouth coating, but the difference was less than one panel unit. Examining effects of steer diet within PRF hamburgers, feeding the SS compared to the control diet increased （P 〈0.05） t-18：1 by 2.89% mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1, feeding DGGS-15 diet led to no further changes （P 〉0.05）, but feeding DDGS-30 diet reduced the proportions of （P 〈0.05） of t-18：1 chiefly tl 1-18：1. Feeding SS and DDGS diets had small but significant （P 〈0.05） effects on hamburger sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Conclusions： Feeding high-forage diets including SS and 15% DDGS, and taking advantage of the FA heterogeneity between fat depots offers an opportunity to differentially enhance beef hamburgers with 18：2n-6 biohydrogenation products （le., t11-18：1） with potential human health benefits without compromising their sensory attributes and oxidative stability during retail display.

关键词： Beef DDGS Fat depot Fatty acids Sensory attributes Oxidative stability

Vitamin A administration at birth promotes calf growth and intramuscular fat development in Angus beef cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 991-999页

作者： Corrine l.Harris Bo Wang Jeneane M.Deavila Jan R.Busboom Martin Maquivar Steven M.Parish Brent McCann Mark l.Nelson Min Du Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University State Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University

Background: Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is an important factor contributing to the palatability of beef. Vitamin A, through its active metabolite, retinoic acid, promotes the formation of new fat cells(adipogenesis). As intramuscular adipogenesis is active during the neonatal stage, we hypothesized that vitamin A administration during the neonatal stage would enhance intramuscular adipogenesis and ***: Angus steer calves(n = 30), in a completely randomized design, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups at birth, receiving 0, 150,000, or 300,000 IU of vitamin A at both birth and one month of age.A biopsy of the biceps femoris muscle was collected at two months of age. After weaning at 210 d of age, steers were fed a backgrounding diet in a feedlot until 308 d of age, when they were transitioned to a high concentrate finishing diet and implanted with trenbolone/estradiol/tylosin mixture. steers were harvested at an average of 438 d of age. All diets were formulated to meet nutrient ***: Weaning weight and weight during the backgrounding phase were linearly increased(P level, though no difference in body weight was observed at harvest. Intramuscular fat of steers at 308 d of age, measured by ultrasound, quadratically increased(P level from 4.0±0.26 % to 4.9±0.26 %.Similarly, carcass marbling score in the ribeye quadratically increased(P lusion: Administration of vitamin A at birth increased weaning weight and enhanced marbling fat ***, vitamin A administration provides a practical method for increasing marbling and early growth of beef cattle.

关键词： Beef Calf Cattle Marbling fat Quality Vitamin A

Does the scent of a potential mate prevent the resorption of oocytes by apoptosis in Nauphoeta cinerea？

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Insect Science 2009年第5期16卷 393-398页

作者： Emma l. B. Barrett Allen J. Moore Patricia J. Moore Centre for Ecology and Conservation School of Biosciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn Cornwall UK

We expect organisms to have evolved mechanisms to gather and use the information available within their environments, to steer resource investment decisions toward the traits that will give the greatest fitness returns. Pheromones are social signals, a common purpose of which is to act as indicators of mate presence. Consequently, pheromones have the potential to act as signals to increase or maintain reproductive investment over that of competing life-history traits. In the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea （Oliver）, females pay costs of maintaining investment in reproduction when there are no males, and males produce pheromones that are known to effect female reproductive outcomes. Whether the pheromones have an influence on resource physiology is unknown. We subjected newly eclosed females to either a synthetic blend of male pheromones or control. We dissected females at 7, 12, 17 or 22 days. We measured apoptosis levels and size of all oocytes within the vitellerium, and measured dry fat body mass. Synthetic male pheromone blend did not have an effect on any measure of female reproductive or somatic resource physiology. Although negative results are always problematic, the success of the synthetic pheromone method in the past suggests that females may be insensitive to male pheromones in the pre-oviposition period, and may rely on mating stimulus rather than pheromone as the cue for oocyte maintenance and growth. Previous studies reporting effects of male pheromones on female reproduction suggest that the period of pheromone sensitivity may be between mating and birth.

关键词： apoptosis environment oocyte ovary pheromone predictable trade-off

Neural Network Based Adaptive Backstepping Tracking Control for Accommodation Vessel 36

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Neural Network Based Adaptive Backstepping Tracking Control ...

Neonatal vitamin A injection promotes cattle muscle growth and increases oxidative muscle fibers

第36届中国控制会议

作者： Guoxing Wen C.l.Philip Chen Ning Zhou Zhao Xu Department of mathematics Binzhou University Department of Computer and Information Science Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Macau Dalian Maritime University College of Computer and Information Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629185

Combined with the backstepping technique,a neural network(NN)-based adaptive tracking control scheme is proposed for the Accommodation Vessel(AV).The control objective is to steer AV following the trajectory of Floating Production Storage and Offloading(FPSO) and keeping the desired distance with FPSO so that the smooth gangway operation can be *** order to fulfill the control task,backstepping is used to achieve the tracking of trajectory;adaptive neural network is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamic of AV for controller ***,it is proven that the proposed control approach can guarantee AV following to *** simulation results further demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Adaptive tracking control Backstepping Neural network Accommodation Vessel

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 140-149页

作者： Bo Wang Wei Nie Xing Fu Jeanene M de Avila Yannan Ma Mei-Jun Zhu Martin Maquivar Steven M Parish Jan R Busboom Mark l Nelson Min Du State Key lab of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University Department of Animal Sciences Louisiana State University College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University School of Food Science Washington State University College of Veterinary Science Washington State University

Background: Vitamin A and its metabolite,retinoic acid(RA),are important regulators of cell differentiation and organ *** impact on beef cattle muscle growth remains ***: Angus steer calves were administrated with 0(control) or 150,000 IU vitamin A(retinyl palmitate in glycerol,i.m.) per calf at birth and 1 month of *** 2 months of age,a biopsy of the Biceps femoris muscle was obtained to analyze the immediate effects of vitamin A injection on myogenic capacity of muscle *** resulting steers were harvested at 14 months of ***: Vitamin A administration increased cattle growth at 2 *** 2 months of age,Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7,MYF5,MYOD and *** derived mononuclear cells were further isolated and induced myogenesis in *** myotubes and a higher degree of myogenesis was observed in vitamin A ***,vitamin A increased latissimus dorsi(lD) muscle fiber size at *** addition,vitamin A increased the ratio of oxidative type I and type IIA fibers and reduced the glycolic type IIX ***,we found that RA,a key bioactive metabolite of vitamin A,activated PPARGC1 A promoter,which explains the upregulated expression of PPARGC1 A in skeletal ***: Vitamin A administration to neonatal calves enhanced postnatal muscle growth by promoting myogenesis and increasing satellite cell density,accompanied with a shift to oxidative muscle fibers.

关键词： Cattle Muscle Fiber type Muscle growth Myogenesis PAX7 Satellite cells Vitamin A