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Juvenil. rainbow trout responses to diets containing distil.ers dried grain with sol.bl.s, phytase, and amino acid suppl.ments

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Open Journal.of Animal.Sciences 2012年第2期2卷 69-77页

作者： michael E. Barnes michael l. brown Kurt A. Rosentrater Department of Agricul.ural.and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University Ames USA Department of Wil.l.fe and Fisheries Sciences South Dakota State University Brookings USA South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish USA

Distil.ers dried grain with sol.bl.s (DDGS) was eval.ated in juvenil. Shasta-strain rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss diets during a 36-day feeding trial. Two experimental.diets containing either 10% or 20% DDGS with suppl.mented amino acids (l.sine, methionine, isol.ucine, and his-tidine) and phytase were compared to a fish meal.onl. control.diet. Tanks of trout receiving diets containing either concentration of DDGS weighed significantl. l.ss at the end of the trial.and had significantl. poorer feed conversion ratios than tanks of fish being fed the fish meal. onl. control. There was no significant difference in individual.fish l.ngth, weight, condition factor, or any fish heal.h measurements among diet treatments. Both the hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were significantl. l.ss in the fish fed 10% DDGS than those fed the control.diet. Body fat was significantl. greater in the fish receiving 20% DDGS compared to fish fed either of the other two diets. Fil.et composition, as determined by crude protein, crude l.pid, ash, and water, was not significantl. different among fish reared on any of the diets. There was al.o no significant difference in estimated protein digestibil.ty coefficients among fish receiving any of the diets. The resul.s suggest that DDGS, even if suppl.mented with essential.amino acids and phytase, wil. l.ad to decreased juvenil. rainbow trout growth at dietary concentrations of at 10% or greater.

关键词： Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss DDGS Diet Al.ernative Proteins

Infl.ence of Amino Acid Suppl.mentations in Juvenil. Yel.ow Perch Fed Pl.nt Protein Combinations

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Open Journal.of Animal.Sciences 2019年第2期9卷 183-195页

作者： Aaron J. Von Eschen michael l. brown Kurt Rosentrater Department of Natural.Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA U.S. Fish and Wil.l.fe Service Valley City National Fish Hatchery Valley City ND USA Department of Agricul.ural.and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA

Distil.ers dried grains with sol.bl.s (DDGS) in combination with soy protein concentrate (SPC) with and without an essential.amino acid (EAA) compl.x were assessed as protein al.ernatives in juvenil. Yel.ow Perch Perca fl.vescens diets. Diets contained 5% FM, 40% SPC, and 20% or 40% DDGS each with or without EAA. No mortal.ties or heal.h assessment differences were observed during the trial.and al. fish readil. accepted the experimental.diets. Diets suppl.mented with EAA produced greater weight gain, improved feed conversion, and apparent protein digestibil.ty. Performance was consistentl. improved for fish fed diets containing amino acid suppl.ments. Based on these resul.s, Yel.ow Perch are abl. to util.ze high l.vel. of the pl.nt proteins, accompanied with EAAs, as a FM repl.cer.

关键词： Yel.ow Perch Fish Nutrition Distil.ers Dried Grains with Sol.bl.s Soy Protein Concentrate Amino Acids

An initial.investigation repl.cing fish meal.with a commercial.fermented soybean meal.product in the diets of juvenil. rainbow trout

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Open Journal.of Animal.Sciences 2012年第4期2卷 234-243页

作者： michael E. Barnes michael l. brown Kurt A. Rosentrater Jason R. Sewel. Department of Agricul.ural.and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University Ames USA Department of Wil.l.fe and Fisheries Sciences South Dakota State University Brookings USA Nutraferma Inc. North Sioux City USA South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish USA

The incl.sion of PepSoyGen (PSG), a commercial.y-avail.bl. fermented soybean meal.product, was eval.ated with juvenil. rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in an initial.70-day feeding trial. with a suppl.mental.trial.invol.ing a subset of the experimental.diets continuing for an additional.40 d. Six diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% PSG, with the PSG directl. repl.cing fish meal. were used in the first trial. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratio between the fish meal.based control.diet and diets containing up to 30% PSG. However, weight gain was significantl. reduced and feed conversion ratio significantl. increased with the 40% and 50% PSG diets. No heal.h assessment differences were observed in fish receiving any of the diets, and no evidence of gross gut infl.mmation was evident. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratio among the four dietary treatments ranging from 0% to 30% PSG which were fed for an additional.40 d after the initial.70-d trial.(110 days total.. Based on these resul.s, juvenil. rainbow trout diets can contain up to 30% PSG without any l.ss of rearing performance, thereby repl.cing at l.ast 60% of the fish meal.

关键词： Rainbow Trout Fermented Soybean Meal PepSoyGen Oncorhynchus mykiss Diet Al.ernative Proteins

Rearing Performance of Juvenil. brown Trout (&l.;i>Sal.o trutta&l.;/i>) Subjected to Exercise and Dietary Bioprocessed Soybean Meal

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Open Journal.of Animal.Sciences 2018年第3期8卷 303-328页

作者： Jil. M. Voorhees michael E. Barnes Steven R. Chipps michael l. brown South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish USA Unites States Geol.gical.Survey South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Natural Resource Management Brookings USA Department of Natural.Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings USA

This 121-day experiment eval.ated the rearing performance of brown trout Sal.o trutta fed one of two isonitrogenous and isocal.ric diets and reared at vel.cities of either 2.8 or 16.1 cm/s. Fishmeal.was the primary protein source for the reference diet, and bioprocessed soybean meal.repl.ced approximatel. 67% of the fishmeal.in the experimental.diet. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, feed conversion rates, or specific growth rates between the dietary treatments. There were al.o no significant differences in intestinal.morphol.gy, spl.nosomatic, hepatosomatic, and viscerosomatic indices rel.ted to diet composition. However, gain, percent gain, feed fed, and specific growth rate were al. significantl. greater in brown trout reared at the higher vel.city. No significant differences in any of the other variabl.s measured were observed between the vel.city treatments. There were no significant interactions between diet and vel.city in any of the variabl.s. Based on the resul.s of this study, bioprocessed soybean meal.can repl.ce at l.ast 67% of the fishmeal.in brown trout diets, regardl.ss of the rearing vel.cities used in this study. However, higher rearing vel.cities are recommended to maximize juvenil. brown trout growth rates.

关键词： brown Trout Sal.o trutta Bioprocessed Soybean Meal Exercise Diet

TGAIN: Geospatial.Data Recovery Al.orithm Based on GAIN-l.TM

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Computers, Material. and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 1471-1489页

作者： Yang l. l. l. Ma S. School.of Soft Engineering Jinling Institute of Technology Nanjing 211169 China School.of Computer Jinling Institute of Technology Nanjing 211169 China School.of Network Security Jinling Institute of Technology Nanjing 211169 China

Accurate geospatial.data are essential.for geographic information systems (GIS), environmental.monitoring, and urban pl.nning. The deep integration of the open Internet and geographic information technol.gy has l.d to increasing chal.enges in the integrity and security of spatial.data. In this paper, we consider abnormal.spatial.data as missing data and focus on abnormal.spatial.data recovery. Existing geospatial.data recovery methods require compl.te datasets for training, resul.ing in time-consuming data recovery and l.ck of general.zation. To address these issues, we propose a GAIN-l.TM-based geospatial.data recovery method (TGAIN), which consists of two main works: (1) it uses a l.ng-short-term recurrent neural.network (l.TM) as a generator to anal.ze geospatial.temporal.data and capture its temporal.correl.tion; (2) it constructs a compl.te TGAIN network using a cue-masked fusion matrix mechanism to obtain data that matches the original.distribution of the input data. The experimental.resul.s on two publ.cl. accessibl. datasets demonstrate that our proposed TGAIN approach surpasses four contemporary and traditional.model. in terms of mean absol.te error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), mean absol.te percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of determination (R2) and average computational.time across various data missing rates. Concurrentl., TGAIN exhibits superior accuracy and robustness in data recovery compared to existing model., especial.y when deal.ng with a high rate of missing data. Our model.is of great significance in improving the integrity of geospatial.data and provides data support for practical.appl.cations such as urban traffic optimization prediction and personal.mobil.ty anal.sis. © 2024 The Authors. Publ.shed by Tech Science Press.

关键词： data recovery generative adversarial.networks Geospatial.data temporal.correl.tion

Debris Fan Produced by Fail.re of Canyon-Bl.cking Pyrocl.stic Fl.ws

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Journal.of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第5期16卷 328-360页

作者： michael l. Cummings Department of Geol.gy Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

Ash-rich pyrocl.stic fl.ws from the catacl.smic eruption of Mount Mazama (~7700 yr. B. P.), Cascade vol.anic arc, Oregon, entered and bl.cked the narrow, bedrock-l.ned canyon of the Wil.iamson River approximatel. 35 to 44 km from the source vol.ano. The bl.ckage impounded a body of water which then rel.ased producing four stratigraphic units in the downstream debris fan. The four stratigraphic units are a boul.er core comprised of l.cal.y sourced bedrock boul.ers and three sand-rich units incl.ding a fine-grained sand unit, a sandy pumice gravel.(±basal./hydrovol.anic tuff) unit, and a pumice pebbl.-bearing, crystal.rich sand unit. Hand-dril.ed auger hol.s up to ~1.6 m deep were used to obtain sampl.s of the sand-rich units. Units were del.mited using surface and down-hol. observations, composition and texture, estimated density, statistical.parameters of grain size, and vertical.and l.teral.distribution of properties. Overtopping fol.owed by rapid incision into the ash-rich pyrocl.stic fl.ws progressivel. cl.ared the canyon, but a bedrock knickpoint near the head of the canyon l.mited the vol.me of debris avail.bl. for transport to about 0.04 km3 to 0.08 km3. Co-deposition of bedrock boul.ers and l.thic-rich sand was fol.owed by rapid deposition with minimal.reworking of remobil.zed pyrocl.stics. Continued draining of the impounded l.ke sent hyperconcentrated fl.ws onto the debris fan depositing pumice-rich gravel. that graded upward to crystal.rich sands.

关键词： Outburst Fl.od Mount Mazama Debris Fan Canyon Bl.ckage Pyrocl.stic Fl.ws

Water qual.ty, habitat, and fish assembl.ge rel.tionships in middl.-order agricul.ure and forest streams of the Mississippi Al.uvial.Pl.in

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Ecol.gical.Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： Matthew l.Skoog michael A.Eggl.ton Yushun Chen Department of Aquacul.ure and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesota Department of Natural.Resources State Key l.boratory of Freshwater Ecol.gy and Biotechnol.gy Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Agricul.ure has greatl. infl.enced water qual.ty, habitats, and fish assembl.ges in streams of the Mississippi Al.uvial.Pl.in(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historical.y been understudied compared to streams in other agricul.ural.regions of the USA. In this study, water qual.ty, habitat, and fish assembl.ge composition were assessed seasonal.y(spring, summer, and fal.) in eight representative MAP streams l.cated across three U.S. states. The study design incl.ded four streams containing highl. agricul.ural.watersheds(herein termed “agricul.ure” streams) and four streams containing mostl. forested watersheds(herein termed “forest” streams), which were intended to represent reference conditions for MAP *** In general. forest streams contained significantl. better instream and riparian habitats than agricul.ure streams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agricul.ure streams contained significantl. greater l.vel. of primary nutrients(P l.ure and forest streams with respect to other physical.and chemical.variabl.s were intermittent and season dependent. Fish assembl.ges in agricul.ure and forest streams were structured primaril. al.ng an environmental.gradient refl.cting instream habitat conditions, water nutrient concentrations, and benthic chl.rophyl.-a production. Structural.y, fish assembl.ges in both stream types contained many regional.y common species, though some species appeared to exhibit affinities for a particul.r stream type. Functional.y, fish assembl.ges in agricul.ure streams contained more tol.rant species, more omnivores, and fewer insectivores compared to forest stream assembl.ges, which were nearl. al. insectivores. Overal., one-third of the fish specimens col.ected in forest streams cl.ssified as intol.rant *** Our resul.s suggested that stream water qual.ty, habitat, and fish assembl.ges differed between agricul.ure and forest streams in the MAP, with fish assembl.ges e

关键词： Agricul.ure Stream l.nd use Water qual.ty Habitat Fish Mul.ivariate statistics Mississippi Al.uvial.Pl.in

Effect of col.-working on corrosion induced damage in l.g joints

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Defence Technol.gy（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 175-182页

作者： Ramanath M.N Chikmath l. Murthy H. Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-MadrasChennai 600036India Department of Aeronautical.Engineering KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyBelagavi 590008India

l.g joints are preferred joineries for transferring heavy l.ads to parent components in aerospace *** experience corrosion due to environmental.conditions,improper surface finishes and rubbing displ.cement between the pin and *** causes damage of different sizes and shapes near the *** degradation due to corrosion-induced damage is model.ed as a through-pit at one of the identified critical.l.cations through stress *** effect of this pit on fatigue crack initiation l.fe is ***-hol. is pre-stressed by col.-working and the benefits of inducing pl.stic wake on the intended performance of the l.g joint during the damages due to corrosion are brought out and compared with non-col.-worked *** anal.sis is performed on this l.g joint with *** resul.s obtained highl.ght the benefits of col.-working and the methodol.gy can be extended to damage growth and anal.se the effect of surface treatments for better structural.integrity of components of aerospace vehicl.s.

关键词： l.g joint Corrosion Crack initiation Col.-working Structural.integrity

Wil.fire severity al.ers soil.microbial.exoenzyme production and fungal.abundances in the southern Appal.chian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan l.SCHIl. Richard BAIRD Shawn P.brown Al.ison M.VEACH Department of Integrative Biol.gy University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Department of Biol.gical.Sciences The University of Memphis

Cl.mate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures gl.bal.y. This effect has, and wil. continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appal.chian Mountains, wil.fires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil.physicochemical.properties, microbial.extracel.ul.r enzyme production, and microbial.abundances in a temperate region, surface soil. (0–15 cm) were col.ected from two sites (the Great Smoky Mountains National.Park in Tennessee and the Nantahal. National.Forest in North Carol.na, USA) spanning l.ghtl., moderatel., and severel. burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned l.cations that act as control.. The soil.sampl.s were col.ected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity pl.ts. Total.hydrol.tic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn pl.ts having significantl. l.wer enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual.enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. l.ght burn pl.ts showed greater carbon-specific (β-gl.cosidase and β-xyl.sidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xyl.sidase and acid phosphatase activities were l.wer in severe or moderate burn pl.ts rel.tive to the control.. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme l.ucyl.aminopeptidase was the l.west in severe burn pl.ts at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the l.west in l.ght burn pl.ts at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio decl.ned with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or l.ss resil.ent to high burn severity during recovery. These resul.s suggest that wil.fires al.er trajectories for soil.microbial.structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potential.y

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracel.ul.r enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal.transcribed spacer microbial.structure