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Disparities in chiropractic utilization by race,ethnicity and socioeconomic status:A scoping review of the literature

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第2期21卷 159-167页

作者： jordan A.Gliedt Antoinette L.Spector michael j.schneider joni Williams Staci Young Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI 53201USA Department of Physical Therapy University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15219USA Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA Department of Medicine Division of Internal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA Department of Family and Community Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA

Background Chiropractic is the largest complementary and alternative medicine profession in the United States,with increasing global growth.A preliminary literature review suggests a lack of widespread diversity of chiropractic patient *** There have been no prior studies to comprehensively integrate the literature on chiropractic utilization rates by race,ethnicity,and socioeconomic *** purpose of this scoping review is to identify and describe the current state of knowledge of chiropractic utilization by race,ethnicity,education level,employment status,and income and poverty *** strategy Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed,Ovid MEDLINE,Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,and Index to Chiropractic Literature from inception to May *** criteria Articles that reported race or ethnicity,education level,employment status,income or poverty level variables and chiropractic utilization rates for adults(≥18 years of age)were eligible for this *** extraction and analysis Data extracted from articles were citation information,patient characteristics,race and ethnicity,education level,employment status,income and poverty level,and chiropractic utilization rate.A descriptive numerical summary of included studies is *** study provides a qualitative thematic narrative of chiropractic utilization with attention to race and ethnicity,education level,income and poverty level,and employment *** A total of 69 articles were eligible for *** articles were published since 2003 and reported data from study populations in the United *** the race,ethnicity and socioeconomic categories that were most commonly reported,chiropractic utilization was the highest for individuals identifying as European American/White/non-Hispanic White/Caucasian(median 20.00%;interquartile range 2.70%-64.60%),those with employment as a main income sourc

关键词： Chiropractic Utilization Health inequities Health disparities Low-back pain Neck pain

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Rethinking the egg

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 81-82页

作者： michael j.Benton School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol

Our image of early dinosaur eggs must change. Early dinosaur eggs are portrayed as soft-shelled, like those of modern lizards or snakes [1], and yet all the evidence is that early dinosaurs at least laid leathery-shel...

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Universal Hyperthermal Model for Mass Extinctions

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journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 704-707页

作者： michael j.Benton Paleobiology Research Group School of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolLife Sciences BuildingTyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK

INTRODUCTION Earth scientists have long sought universal features of past extinction *** can be argued that each past extinction event was a singularity,caused by combinations of circumstances that are unique in each case,and therefore that the search for common causes is ***,a key feature of the uniformitarian approach to geology is that past processes are the same as modern-day processes and,with that in mind,earth scientists are keen to use their knowledge to contribute some understanding to the study of the present and future climate crisis.

关键词： extinction singularity Extinction

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APPROXIMATING THE STATIONARY BELLMAN EQUATION BY HIERARCHICAL TENSOR PRODUCTS

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journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期42卷 638-661页

作者： Mathias Oster Leon Sallandt Reinhold schneider Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17.Juni 13510623 BerlinGermany

We treat infinite horizon optimal control problems by solving the associated stationary Bellman equation numerically to compute the value function and an optimal feedback *** dynamical systems under consideration are spatial discretizations of non linear parabolic partial differential equations(PDE),which means that the Bellman equation suffers from the curse of *** non linearity is handled by the Policy Iteration algorithm,where the problem is reduced to a sequence of linear equations,which remain the computational bottleneck due to their high *** reformulate the linearized Bellman equations via the Koopman operator into an operator equation,that is solved using a minimal residual *** the Koopman operator we identify a preconditioner for operator equation,which deems essential in our numerical *** overcome computational infeasability we use low rank hierarchical tensor product approximation/tree-based tensor formats,in particular tensor trains(TT tensors)and multi-polynomials,together with high-dimensional quadrature,*** controlling a destabilized version of viscous Burgers and a diffusion equation with unstable reaction term numerical evidence is given.

关键词： Feedback control Dynamic programming Hamilton-jacobi-Bellman Tensor product approximation Variational Monte-Carlo

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Harnessing naturally occurring mutations for T-cell therapy:a potential new avenue to enhance treatment efficacy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： michael Hiltensperger jürgen Ruland Kilian Schober Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany TranslaTUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Garcia et *** a sophisticated approach to identify fitness-enhancing mutations for T cells that was inspired by cancer evolution.1 The identified CARD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced tumor rejection and persistence of engineered T cells in multiple tumor models and might have the potential to improve efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in cancer patients.

关键词： cancer potential

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Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： michael R.Bedford Birger Svihus Aaron j.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

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Mathematical beauty and Palladian architecture:Measuring and comparing visual complexity and diversity

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 729-740页

作者： ju Hyun Lee michael j.Ostwald School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign&ArchitectureThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Palladio’s design principles,including proportion and harmony,have often been associated with mathematical definitions of ***,the geometric and semantic properties of his fac¸ades have rarely been analysed in a holistic *** is little evidence of how mathematical beauty may be embodied in his *** research investigates complexity(fractal dimension or D)and diversity(perplexity or PP)as aesthetic indices,aiming to capture distinct characteristics of Palladian *** D and PP values of 22 Palladian villa fac¸ades are measured and analysed,before being compared with those of three Renaissance facades by Sebastiano *** combination of D and PP captures the geometric and semantic aesthetic qualities of architectural ***,the developed scatter plot of D and PP results supports the identification of four distinct aesthetic types of Palladian fac¸ade *** novel combination of D and PP measures contributes to a better understanding of one definition of the mathematical beauty of architecture,wherein“the whole is other than the sum of the parts”in compositional terms(a famous Gestalt principle).Specifically,this research provides new mathematical insights into the visual character of Palladian architecture and compares two important measures thereof.

关键词： Palladian architecture Complexity Diversity Mathematical beauty Perplexity Fac¸ade design

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Use of donepezil for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adult and pediatric populations:a scoping review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery L.Miller Nathan K.Evanson j.michael Taylor University of Cincinnati College of Medicine CincinnatiOHUSA Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacologic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric *** inhibitors such as donepezil have been evaluated in adult patients after traumatic brain injury,but relatively less is known about the effect in pediatric *** goal of this review is to identify knowledge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibito rs as a potential a djuvant treatment fo r neurocognitive decline in pediatric patients with traumatic brain *** queried PubMed to identify literature published from database inception thro ugh june 2023 desc ribing the use of donepezil in young adult traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined *** on preselected search criteria,340 unique papers we re selected for title and abstra ct ***-two reco rds were reviewed in full after eliminating preclinical studies and pape rs outside the scope of the *** adult traumatic brain injury,we review results from 14 papers detailing 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil is well tole rated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive *** children,3 pape rs report on 5 children recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing limited *** additional 15 pediatric studies conducted in populations at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader look at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age *** its promise for efficacy in adults with traumatic brain injury and tole rability in pediatric patients,we believe further study of donepezil for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase inhibitor adult cognition donepezil pediatrics traumatic brain injury

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Back to the drawing board:Overview of the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3182-3184页

作者： jeffrey A Lowell michael j Farber Keith Sultan Department of Medicine Zucker School of Medicine at HofstraNorth Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical CenterManhassetNY 11030United States Preclinical Studies New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineGlen HeadNY 11545United States Division of Gastroenterology Northwell HealthNorth Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical CenterGreat NeckNY 10021United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined *** et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(DBT).While current evidence for DBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this *** importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment *** prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Biologics Immunomodulators Dual-therapy Combination therapy

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Modeling displacement flow inside a full-length casing string for well cementing

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 1-16页

作者： Hu Dai Ali Eslami jason schneider Gefei Liu Fred Schwering Pegasus Vertex Inc.USA Laval University Canada Sanjel Energy Services Canada Athabasca Oil Corporation Canada

While computer modeling of annular displacement efficiency is widely applied in cementing engineering,modeling the displacement flow inside a casing or drill string for cementing operations has received less *** predicting displacement efficiency inside a full-length pipe is desired by cementing engineers,the attempt of developing a model with both efficiency and accuracy faces *** to computer simulators for this purpose is *** with annular flow,the displacement flow inside pipe,although within a simpler geometry and without eccentricity effect,is not simpler in physics,modelling strategy and predictability,because a variety of flow patterns and flow instabilities can develop to create complicated fluid *** this paper,we present an integrated numerical model developed to simulate displacement flows inside a full-length pipe,which connects an existing annulus model to enable complete displacement simulations of cementing *** model uses three-dimensional grid to solve fluid concentrations with degrees of mixing,and incorporates flow instability detection and flow regime *** in cementing,the model accounts for effects of pumping rate,well inclination,pipe rotation,fluid densities,rheological parameters and *** computationally efficient model does not rely on high-resolution mesh as often required by conventional Computational Fluid Dynamics models,thus it is suitable to be implemented in a cementing software for daily use by well cementing *** methodology of the model is discussed in detail in this *** validate the model,we examine simulation results against experimental results obtained in our laboratory tests and CFD simulations;acceptable agreement is found under different testing *** also presented two case studies of real cementing jobs with cement evaluation logs compared to simulation results,showing that the model can predict consistent displacement efficie

关键词： Inside pipe displacement Displacement efficiency Numerical model Primary cementing Displacement flow

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