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The importance of small decisions

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The importance of small decisions

作者： michael j. o'brien R. Alexander Bentley and William A. Brock.

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从祖先到算法

A near infrared spectroscopy calibration for the prediction of fresh grass quality on Irish pastures

作者： (美)亚历山大·本特利(R. Alexander Bentley)，(美)迈克尔·奥布莱恩(michael j. o'brien)

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 243-253页

作者： Darren j.Murphy Bernadette o’brien michael o’Donovan Tomas Condon michael D.Murphy Teagasc Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreMooreparkFermoyCo.CorkIreland Department of Process Energy and Transport EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland

The aim of this study was to develop near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)calibrations to predict quality parameters,dry matter(DM,g kg1)and crude protein(CP,g kg1 DM),in fresh un-dried *** of these parameters would enable more precise allocation of quality herbage to grazing *** ryegrass samples(n=1615)were collected over the 2017 and 2018 grazing seasons at Teagasc Moorepark to develop a NIRS calibration *** samples were collected for an independent validation dataset(n=197)during the 2019 grazing *** were scanned using a FoSS 6500 spectrometer at 2 nm intervals in the range of 1100~2500 nm and absorption was recorded as log 1/Reflec*** wet chemistry analysis was carried out for both parameters and the resultant data were calibrated against spectral data by means of modified partial least squares regression.A range of mathematical spectral treatments were examined for each calibration,which were ranked in order of standard error of prediction(SEP)and ratio of percent deviation(RPD).Best performing calibrations achieved high predictive precision for DM(R2=0.86 SEP=9.46 g kg1,RPD=2.60)and moderate precision for CP(R2=0.84 SEP=20.38 g kg1 DM,RPD=2.37).These calibrations will aid the optimisation of grassland management and the development of precision agricultural technologies.

关键词： Near infrared spectroscopy Fresh grass analysis Grassland management Grass quality Precision agriculture

Parallel loop recovery with quiescent compensation for high performance feedback control of systems with imperfect actuators

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Control Theory and Technology 2019年第3期17卷 201-215页

作者： Y.V.o'brien j.F.o'brien Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82073 U.S.A.

Actuator limits and imperfections introduce multiple nonlinearities in a feedback *** standard mild-feedback systems (e.g.,PID) are intrinsically robust to such nonlinearities,the stability of large feedback systems is *** eliminates from consideration the usage of imperfect actuators in large feedback applications and available disturbance rej.ction as a result is not *** implementation of multiple-path nonlinear dynamic compensation (NDC),however,allows the combination of large feedback and imperfect actuation and is the focus of this *** nonlinearities due to actuator imperfection are often difficult to model,the stability of the NDC systems is assessed using multivariable absolute stability *** features of a parallel loop recovery system with loop transmission modulus reduction compensation in the quiescent condition are compared to an alternative approach of strict modulus reduction via nonlinear compensation for stability *** of the loop recovery approach is illustrated using experimental data from a voice-coil actuated disturbance rej.ction system.

关键词： Feedback control imperfect actuators nonlinear dynamic compensation

Taxonomic species recognition should be consistent

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 17-18页

作者： Stephen j.o'brien Shu-j.n Luo Guy Harvey oceanographic Center Halmos College of Arts and Sciences Nova Southeastern University The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University

Criteria for species naming have been contentious since the time of Carl *** no clear’right or wrong’convention for species naming,biologists strive to simply convince their *** NSR compendium offers detailed guidance [1-6] that adds quantitative genomic inference to the *** taxonomic assemblages (***,fish,fungi,insects,terrestrial and marine invertebrates,plants,bacteria) are sufficiently distinctive that any generalization is fraught with natural exceptions.

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The role of soluble sugars during drought in tropical tree seedlings with contrasting tolerances

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 389-397页

作者： michael j.o’brien Annabelle Valtat Samuel Abiven Mirj.m S.Studer Robert ong Bernhard Schmid Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Rey Juan Carlosc/Tulipán s/n.E-28933 MóstolesMadridSpain Southeast Asia Rainforest Research Partnership The Peak VistaLorang Punjak 1Tanjung LipatKota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Laboratoire de Géologie UMR 8538Ecole Normale SupérieurePSL Research UniversityCNRSParisFrance Centre de recherche enécologie expérimentale et prédictive(CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance) Département de biologieEcole normale supérieureCNRSPSL University77140St-Pierre-les-NemoursFrance Forest Research Centre Sepilok90715 SandakanSabahMalaysia

Aims Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are plant storage compounds used for metabolism,transport,osmoregulation and regrowth following the loss of plant *** in conditions suitable for optimal growth,plants continue to store *** storage may be due to passive accumulation from sink-inhibited growth or active reserves that come at the expense of *** former pathway implies that NSCs may be a by-product of sink limitation,while the latter suggests a functional role of NSCs for use during poor *** Using 13C pulse labelling,we traced the source of soluble sugars in stem and root organs during drought and everwet conditions for seedlings of two tropical tree species that differ in drought tolerance to estimate the relative allocation of NSCs stored prior to drought versus NSCs assimilated during *** monitored growth,stomatal conductance,stem water potential and NSC storage to assess a broad carbon response to *** Findings We found that the drought-sensitive species had reduced growth,conserved NSC concentrations in leaf,stem and root organs and had a larger proportion of soluble sugars in stem and root organs that originated from pre-drought storage relative to seedlings in control *** contrast,the drought-tolerant species maintained growth and stem and root NSC concentrations but had reduced leaf NSCs concentrations with a larger proportion of stem and root soluble sugars originated from freshly assimilated photosynthates relative to control *** results suggest the drought-sensitive species passively accumulated NSCs during water deficit due to growth inhibition,while the drought-tolerant species actively responded to water deficit by allocating NSCs to stem and root *** strategies seem correlated with baseline maximum growth rates,which supports previous research suggesting a trade-off between growth and drought tolerance while providing new evidence for the importance of plasticity in

关键词： ^(13)C labelling carbohydrate storage drought tolerance hydraulic function Shorea parvifolia Shorea beccariana source–sink allocation

Multi-length scale modeling of carburization,martensitic microstructure evolution and fatigue properties of steel gears

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 157-165页

作者： Edward Charles Henry Crawford o’brien Hemantha Kumar Yeddu School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUnited Kingdom

Multi-length scale modeling is performed to(i)predict the carburized case depth of SAE8620 steel gears by solving the Fick’s second law of diffusion,(ii)model the martensitic microstructure evolution in a grain inside the carburized case as well as to study the effect of stress cycling on retained austenite(RA)and martensite using a 3D phase-field model,(iii)simulate the effect of carburization and different RA contents on macroscale fatigue behavior of SAE8620 steel spur gear using the finite element *** diffusion model predicts that the case depth increases with increasing heat treatment time and *** phase-field simulations show that RA can transform to martensite during fatigue loading,where the extent of the transformation will depend on the type of stresses applied,*** in a high stress regime or low stress regime of fatigue *** transformation of martensite to austenite is also observed in low RA sample under high stress *** macroscale simulations show that the carburized case with high RA gives rise to better fatigue life compared to that with low RA.

关键词： Phase-field model Martensitic transformation Microstructure Gear steel Carburization

Applying molecular genetic tools to tiger conservation

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 351-362页

作者： Shu-j.n LUo Warren E.j.HNSoN Stephen j.o’brien School of Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijingChina Laboratory of Genomic Diversity National Cancer InstituteFrederickMDUSA

The utility of molecular genetic approaches in conservation of endangered taxa is now commonly *** the past decade,conservation genetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing and microsatellite genotyping have provided powerful tools to resolve taxonomy uncertainty of tiger subspecies,to define conservation units,to reconstruct phylogeography and demographic history,to examine the genetic ancestry of extinct subspecies,to assess population genetic status non-invasively,and to verify genetic background of captive tigers *** genetic status of tiger subspecies and populations and implications for developing strategies for the survival of this charismatic species both in situ and ex situ are discussed.

关键词： conservation genetics mitochondrial DNA microsatellite subspecies tiger

Contested incrementalism: Elemental’s Quinta Monroy settlement fifteen years on

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第2期10卷 263-273页

作者： David o’brien Sandra Carrasco Faculty of Architecture Building and PlanninsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Architecture and Built Environment University of NewcastleAustralia

Quinta Monroy is an award-winning co-designed settlement for 93 families on half a hectare of land at Iquique in northern ***,complaints about the disorderly settlement peaked after the landowner^death and provoked untenured residents to seek government subsidies to redevelop the *** 2003,a government social housing proj.ct was coordinated by the,,Elementar,architecture firm with US$10,000 per *** the residenfs temporary relocation,93 modular and interlinked apartments were built around a series of *** apartments,which were designed as,fhalf-houses,M were subsequently co-opted by residents adding rooms in locations planned in advance by *** households have since doubled the size of their apartment and reformed the settlement in ways not anticipated by *** paper details a spatial and ethnographic study of the Quinta Monroy settlement since redevelopment to identify opportunities and risks that accompany this type of social housing *** study reveals evidence that residents,capacities to enlarge apartments commonly exceeds the architects expectations and that unregulated expansions often compromise the settlements *** research anticipates further opportunities for expansion in this semi-regulated settlement and investigates possibilities that another contested slum settlement may emerge.

关键词： Social housing Incremental development Co-design Aravena Chile