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False dogmas in mood disorders research:Towards a nomothetic network approach

World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第5期12卷 651-667页

作者： michael hj maes Drozdstoy Stoyanov Department of Psychiatry Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Department of Psychiatry Medical University PlovdivPlovdiv 4000Bulgaria

The current understanding of major depressive disorder(MDD)and bipolar disorder(BD)is plagued by a cacophony of controversies as evidenced by competing schools to understand MDD/BD.The DSM/ICD taxonomies have cemented their status as the gold standard for diagnosing MDD/BD.The aim of this review is to discuss the false dogmas that reign in current MDD/BD research with respect to the new,data-driven,machine learning method to model psychiatric illness,namely nomothetic network psychiatry(NNP).This review discusses many false dogmas including:MDD/BD are mind-brain disorders that are best conceptualized using a bio-psycho-social model or mind-brain interactions;mood disorders due to medical disease are attributable to psychosocial stress or chemical imbalances;DSM/ICD are the gold standards to make the MDD/BD diagnosis;severity of illness should be measured using rating scales;clinical remission should be defined using threshold values on rating scale scores;existing diagnostic BD boundaries are too restrictive;and mood disorder spectra are the rule.In contrast,our NNP models show that MDD/BD are not mind-brain or psycho-social but systemic medical disorders;the DSM/ICD taxonomies are counterproductive;a shared core,namely the reoccurrence of illness(ROI),underpins the intertwined recurrence of depressive and manic episodes and suicidal behaviors;mood disorders should be ROI-defined;ROI mediates the effects of nitro-oxidative stress pathways and early lifetime trauma on the phenome of mood disorders;severity of illness and treatment response should be delineated using the NNP-derived causome,pathway,ROI and integrated phenome scores;and MDD and BD are the same illness.

关键词： Nomothetic network psychiatry Depression Mood disorders Affective disorders Inflammation Oxidative and nitrosative stress Neuro-immune

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How to construct neuroscience-informed psychiatric classification?Towards nomothetic networks psychiatry

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： Drozdstoy Stoyanov michael hj maes Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Research InstituteMedical University of PlovdivPlovdiv 4000Bulgaria Department of Psychiatry Deakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia

Psychiatry remains in a permanent state of crisis,which fragmented psychiatry from the field of medicine.The crisis in psychiatry is evidenced by the many different competing approaches to psychiatric illness including psychodynamic,biological,molecular,pan-omics,precision,cognitive and phenomenological psychiatry,folk psychology,mind-brain dualism,descriptive psychopathology,and postpsychiatry.The current“gold standard”Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders/International Classification of Diseases taxonomies of mood disorders and schizophrenia are unreliable and preclude to employ a deductive reasoning approach.Therefore,it is not surprising that mood disorders and schizophrenia research was unable to revise the conventional classifications and did not provide more adequate therapeutic approaches.The aim of this paper is to explain the new nomothetic network psychiatry(NNP)approach,which uses machine learning methods to build data-driven causal models of mental illness by assembling risk-resilience,adverse outcome pathways(AOP),cognitome,brainome,staging,symptomatome,and phenomenome latent scores in a causal model.The latter may be trained,tested and validated with Partial Least Squares analysis.This approach not only allows to compute pathway-phenotypes or biosignatures,but also to construct reliable and replicable nomothetic networks,which are,therefore,generalizable as disease models.After integrating the validated feature vectors into a well-fitting nomothetic network,clustering analysis may be applied on the latent variable scores of the R/R,AOP,cognitome,brainome,and phenome latent vectors.This pattern recognition method may expose new(transdiagnostic)classes of patients which if cross-validated in independent samples may constitute new(transdiagnostic)nosological categories.

关键词： Psychiatry Major depression Mood disorders Schizophrenia Antioxidants Oxydative stress

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Differential aberrant connectivity of precuneus and anterior insula may underpin the diagnosis of schizophrenia and mood disorders

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第12期11卷 1274-1287页

作者： Katrin Aryutova Rositsa Paunova Sevdalina Kandilarova Kristina Stoyanova michael hj maes Drozdstoy Stoyanov Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Medical UniversityPlovdiv 4002Bulgaria Research Institute Medical UniversityPlovdiv 4002Bulgaria

BACKGROUND Over the past decade,resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI)has concentrated on brain networks such as the default mode network(DMN),the salience network(SN),and the central executive network(CEN),allowing for a better understanding of cognitive deficits observed in mental disorders,as well as other characteristic psychopathological phenomena such as thought and behavior disorganization.AIM To investigate differential patterns of effective connectivity across distributed brain networks involved in schizophrenia(SCH)and mood disorders.METHODS The sample comprised 58 patients with either paranoid syndrome in the context of SCH(n=26)or depressive syndrome(Ds)(n=32),in the context of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.The methods used include rs-fMRI and subsequent dynamic causal modeling to determine the direction and strength of connections to and from various nodes in the DMN,SN and CEN.RESULTS A significant excitatory connection from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex to the anterior insula(aI)was observed in the SCH patient group,whereas inhibitory connections from the precuneus to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and from the aI to the precuneus were observed in the Ds group.CONCLUSION The results delineate specific patterns associated with SCH and Ds and offer a better explanation of the underlying mechanisms of these disorders,and inform differential diagnosis and precise treatment targeting.

关键词： Schizophrenia Major depressive disorder Bipolar disorder Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity precuneus insula default mode network salience network

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前边缘皮质神经元自噬功能受损是神经病理性疼痛中焦虑共病的基础

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2024年第5期30卷 370-370页

作者： Fu S Sun hj Wang JX 付苏(译) 刘风雨(校) 不详北京大学神经科学研究所

内侧前额叶皮质(medial prefrontal cortex,mPFC)在慢性疼痛的预测、发展和调控过程中发挥重要作用。其神经可塑性适应不良是慢性神经病理性疼痛与焦虑共病的基础,但其分子和神经元机制尚未阐明。该研究以大鼠坐骨神经分支选择结扎切断(... 详细信息

内侧前额叶皮质(medial prefrontal cortex,mPFC)在慢性疼痛的预测、发展和调控过程中发挥重要作用。其神经可塑性适应不良是慢性神经病理性疼痛与焦虑共病的基础,但其分子和神经元机制尚未阐明。该研究以大鼠坐骨神经分支选择结扎切断(spared nerve injury,SNI)神经病理性疼痛模型为研究对象,观察大鼠在以焦虑样行为为特征的神经病理性疼痛的特定阶段,mPFC的一个核心亚区,前边缘皮质(prelimbic cortex,PrL)的作用。研究者首先发现,在慢性神经病理性疼痛晚期,大鼠出现焦虑样行为并伴有PrL神经元自噬损伤。随后通过带有神经元特异性启动子的腺相关病毒(adeno-associated viral vector,AAV),特异性下调(模拟自噬损伤)及上调PrL神经元内自噬水平(挽救自噬损伤),研究神经元自噬与慢性痛诱发的焦虑样行为的关系。

关键词：神经元自噬神经病理性疼痛慢性痛神经可塑性共病慢性疼痛腺相关病毒大鼠

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Glycine-nitrate auto-combustion synthesis and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline NdAl_(x)Fe_(1-x)O_(3) perovskites

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第1期41卷 108-115页

作者： E.A.Nforna hj.M.Ngantchou J.N.Ghogomu Department of Fundamental Science Higher Technical Teacher Training CollegeUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliCameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 24157DoualaCameroon Department of Chemistry The University of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliCameroon Department of Chemistry University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon

The effect of substitution of Fe^(3+) by Al^(3+) on the structure and magnetic properties of NdAl_(x)Fe_(1-x)O_(3) perovskite nano-powders(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,and 0.5) prepared by the glycine-nitrate auto-combustion method was studied.All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX).The magnetic properties of the samples were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The X-ray results for all samples reveal the formation of an orthorhombic perovskite phase(space group Pbnm) with no secondary phase.The crystallite sizes of the nanoparticles are found to decrease with increasing Al content,and are in the range of 53-38 nm.SEM images show spherical nanoparticles with agglomeration.The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of metal oxygen bonds.The M-H loop of the pristine NdFeO_(3) sample is antiferromagnetic in the a b plane with weak ferromagnetism in the c-axis.Introducing AI inclusions in the pristine polycrystal thereby creating magnetic vacancies is seen to influence the magnetic properties.The magnetic dilution results in enhanced magnetisation at low Al content;x=0.1,0.2(saturation magnetisation being 2.08 and 2.05 emu/g,respectively) compared to the pristine sample with a saturation magnetisation of 1.43 emu/g due to increased exchange interaction.Also dilution with nonmagnetic dopant induces the phase transition from weak ferromagnetic to paramagnetic depending on the impurity concentration.The coercive field for NdFeO_(3) is found to be equal to 1950 Oe and decreases with Al-substitution.These findings lay a ground work for research in tuning magnetic properties and in spintronics with potential applications in data storage,switches and electronic devices.

关键词： Anti-ferromagnetism Weak ferromagnetism Orthorhombic NdAl_(x)Fe_(1-x)O_(3) Perovskite nanopowders Magnetic dilution

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Heteroaggregation between porphyrin and phthalocyanine bearing oppositely charged substituents

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1995年第3期13卷 223-230页

作者： MAO, HF TIAN, hj XU, hj CHINESE ACAD SCI INST PHOTOG CHEMBEIJING 100101PEOPLES R CHINA

Heteroaggregates composed of cationic porphyrin, meso-tetra(p-trimethylamino)porphyrin iodide, its sine complex and anionic phthalocyanine sodium hydroxygallium 4,4',4 '',4 ''-tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine have been investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. It has been found that both free base cationic porphyrin and its zinc complex can form very stable heterodimers with anionic phthalocyanine in water, methanol and dimethylformamide. The stability of the aggregate depends on the polarity as well as the ligation ability of the solvent. No evidence of higher aggregates was detected. Besides axial coordination, steric hindrance which influences the relative orientation of the macrocycles are considered.

关键词： PORPHYRIN PHTHALOCYANINE HETEROAGGREGATION

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Solvent effects on competitive intramolecular electron transfer and energy transfer in a covalently linked porphyrin-phthalocyanine heterodimer

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1996年第5期14卷 412-420页

作者： Tian, hj Zhou, QF Shen, SY Xu, hj ACAD SINICA INST PHOTOG CHEMBEIJING 100101PEOPLES R CHINA

Photophysical properties of a porphyrin-phthalocyanine heterodimer covalently linked with a dipentoxy chain have been studied. Absorption spectra show that there is weak exciton coupling between the two chromophores in the ground state. Fluorescence spectra show that intramolecular energy transfer from porphyrin to phthalocyanine moiety occurs in competition with electron transfer. The efficiency of these two processes depends upon the mutual orientation of the two chromophores. The effect of solvent, polarity on the intramolecular processes is also discussed.

关键词： solvent effects electron transfer energy transfer porphyrin phthalocyanine

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Nonlinear Effect of Wave Propagation in Shallow Water

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China Ocean Engineering 1999年第1期14卷 109-114页

作者： Li, RJ Wang, hj Ocean Univ Qingdao Qingdao 266003 Peoples R China

In this paper, a nonlinear model is presented to describe wave transformation in shallow water with the zero- vorticity equation of wave- number vector and energy conservation equation. The nonlinear effect due to an empirical dispersion relation (by Hedges) is compared with that of Dalrymple's dispersion relation. The model is tested against the laboratory measurements for the case of a submerged elliptical shoal on a slope beach, where both refraction and diffraction are significant. The computation results, compared with those obtained through linear dispersion relation, show that the nonlinear effect of wave transformation in shallow water is important. And the empirical dispersion relation is suitable for researching the nonlinearity of wave in shallow water.

关键词： wave propagation shallow water nonlinearity refraction and diffraction empirical dispersion relation

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Tissue transglutaminase levels above 100 U/mL and celiac disease:A prospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4399-4403页

作者： Amani Mubarak Victorien M Wolters Frits hj Gmelig-Meyling Fiebo JW ten Kate Roderick hj Houwen Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center Utrecht3508 AB UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Immunology University Medical Center Utrecht3508 AB UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Pathology University Medical Center Utrecht3508 AB UtrechtThe Netherlands

AIM:To investigate whether a tissue-transglutaminase antibody(tTGA) level ≥ 100 U/mL is sufficient for the diagnosis of celiac disease(CD).METHODS:Children suspected of having CD were prospectively included in our study between March 2009 and September 2011.All patients with immune globulin A deficiency and all patients on a gluten-free diet were excluded from the study.Anti-endomysium antibodies(EMA) were detected by means of immunofluorescence using sections of distal monkey esophagus(EUROIMMUN,Luebeck,Germany).Serum anti-tTGA were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using human recombinant tissue transglutaminase(ELiA Celikey IgA kit Phadia AB,Uppsala,Sweden).The histological slides were graded by a single experienced pathologist using the Marsh classification as modified by Oberhuber.Marsh Ⅱ and Ⅲ lesions were considered to be diagnostic for the disease.The positive predictive values(PPVs),negative predictive values(NPVs),sensitivity and specificity of EMA and tTGA along with their 95% CI(for the cut off values > 10 and ≥ 100 U/mL) were calculated using histology as the gold standard for CD.RESULTS:A total of 183 children were included in the study.A total of 70(38.3%) were male,while 113(61.7%) were female.The age range was between 1.0 and 17.6 years,and the mean age was 6.2 years.One hundred twenty(65.6%) patients had a small intestinal biopsy diagnostic for the disease;3 patients had a Marsh Ⅱ lesion,and 117 patients had a Marsh Ⅲ lesion.Of the patients without CD,only 4 patients had a MarshⅠlesion.Of the 183 patients,136 patients were positive for EMA,of whom 20 did not have CD,yielding a PPV for EMA of 85%(95% CI:78%-90%) and a corresponding specificity of 68%(95% CI:55%-79%).The NPV and specificity for EMA were 91%(95% CI:79%-97%) and 97%(95% CI:91%-99%),respectively.Increased levels of tTGA were found in 130 patients,although only 116 patients truly had histological evidence of the disease.The PPV for tTGA was 89%(95% CI:82%-94%),and the corresponding specificity was 78%(95% CI:65%-8

关键词：组织型转谷氨酰胺酶疾病酶联免疫吸附试验免疫球蛋白A 谷氨酰胺转胺酶病变组织水腹腔

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Synthesis of Bis(macrocyclic) Polyamines Containing Rigid Bridging Groups

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1997年第3期8卷 209-212页

作者： Wang, hj Wu, CT WUHAN UNIV DEPT CHEMWUHAN 430072PEOPLES R CHINA

This paper deals with the synthesis of three new symmetrical bis (macrocylic) polyamines and their dinuclear copper(I) complexes. All these compounds were identified by elemental analysis and spectral analysis(IR,H-1 ... 详细信息

关键词： HCl Synthesis of Bis macrocyclic Polyamines Containing Rigid Bridging Groups HNMR

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