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Improvement of Rice Production under Drought Conditions in West Africa:Application of QTLs in Breeding for Drought Resistance

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Rice science 2022年第6期29卷 512-521页

作者： Kossi Lorimpo ADJAH Maxwell Darko ASANTE Aboubacar TOURE Mawuli AZIADEKEY Francis Osei AMOAKO-ANDOH michael frei Yacouba DIALLO Komi AGBOKA West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use/Climate Change and Agriculture Program IPR/IFRAP.O.Box 224KatibougouMali Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute P.O.Box 3785Fumesua-KumasiGhana University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako(USTTB)P.O.Box 423BamakoMali International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics P.O.Box 320BamakoMali University of Lomé(UL) P.O.Box 1515LoméTogo Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen Giessen 35392Germany Polytechnic Rural Institute of Training and Applied Research(IPR/IFRA) P.O.Box 224KatibougouMali Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-College of Science and Technology Department of Plant Resources DevelopmentP.O.Box 3785Fumesua-KumasiGhana

Rice plays a paramount role in food and nutrition security in many West African countries.Despite the doubling of production during the last decade,rice consumption has grown faster,creating a deficit between the demand and supply.Although the West African sub-region remains the main rice-producing centre on the continent,production is severely hampered by biotic and abiotic stresses.Drought is one of the factors that most severely reduce grain yields of rice.Systems of production need to be established in order to mitigate yield loss as a result of drought.This review discusses the effects of drought on rice production in West Africa and its mitigation with an emphasis on the improvement of tolerance to drought stress.Yield stability can be achieved by developing drought-tolerant varieties through several processes encompassing profiling of known QTLs and identification of new ones,marker-assisted selection,genomic selection,and extensive multi-locational yield trials.We suggest a comprehensive strategy for breeding drought-tolerant rice varieties in West Africa.

关键词： West Africa rice drought-tolerant variety QTL high-throughput genotyping

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ITPK1 is an InsP_(6)/ADP phosphotransferase that controls phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis.

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Molecular Plant 2021年第11期14卷 1864-1880页

作者： Esther Riemer Danye Qiu Debabrata Laha Robert K.Harmel Philipp Gaugler Verena Gaugler michael frei Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei Nargis Parvin Laha Lukas Krusenbaum Robin Schneider Adolfo Saiardi Dorothea Fiedler Henning J.Jessen Gabriel Schaaf Ricardo F.H.Giehl Department of Plant Nutrition Institute of Crop Science and Resource ConservationRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn53115 BonnGermany Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg79104 FreiburgGermany Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology(MRC-LMCB) University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Biochemistry Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560012India Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie 13125 BerlinGermany Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin12489 BerlinGermany Institute of Agronomy and Crop Physiology Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany Department of Physiology&Cell Biology Leibniz-lnstitute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research06466 GaterslebenGermany

In plants, phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is regulated by the interaction of PHR transcription factors with stand-alone SPX proteins, which act as sensors for inositol pyrophosphates. Here, we combined different methods to obtain a comprehensive picture of how inositol (pyro)phosphate metabolism is regulated by Pi and dependent on the inositol phosphate kinase ITPK1. We found that inositol pyrophosphates are more responsive to Pi than lower inositol phosphates, a response conserved across kingdoms. With CE-ESI-MS we could separate different InsP7 isomers in Arabidopsis and rice, and identify 4/6-InsP7 and a PP-InsP4 isomer hitherto not reported in plants. We found that the inositol pyrophosphates 1/3-InsP7, 5-InsP7 and InsP8 increase severalfold in shoots after Pi resupply and that tissue-specific accumulation of inositol pyrophosphates relies on ITPK1 activities and MRP5-dependent InsP6 compartmentalization. Notably, ITPK1 is critical for Pi-dependent 5-InsP7 and InsP8 synthesis in planta and its activity regulates Pi starvation responses in a PHR-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ITPK1-mediated conversion of InsP6 to 5-InsP7 requires high ATP concentrations and that Arabidopsis ITPK1 has an ADP phosphotransferase activity to dephosphorylate specifically 5-InsP7 under low ATP. Collectively, our study provides deeper insights into Pi-dependent changes in nutritional and energetic states with the synthesis of regulatory inositol pyrophosphates.

关键词： diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 1 inositol phosphates inositol pyrophosphates phosphate homeostasis phosphate signaling

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Perianal fistulodesis–A pilot study of a novel minimally invasive surgical and medical approach for closure of perianal fistulae

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第2期13卷 187-197页

作者： Roxanne Villiger Daniela Cabalzar-Wondberg Daniela Zeller Pascal frei Luc Biedermann Christian Schneider michael Scharl Gerhard Rogler Matthias Turina Andreas Rickenbacher Benjamin Misselwitz Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Visceral-and Transplant Surgery University Hospital of ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Department of Surgery Zeller SurgeryZurich 8008Switzerland Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital of ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Visceral Surgery and Medicine University Hospital of BernBern 3010Switzerland

BACKGROUND Perianal fistulae strongly impact on quality of life of affected patients.AIM To challenge and novel minimally invasive treatment options are needed.METHODS Patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)in remission and patients without inflammatory bowel disease(non-IBD patients)were treated with fistulodesis,a method including curettage of fistula tract,flushing with acetylcysteine and doxycycline,Z-suture of the inner fistula opening,fibrin glue instillation,and Zsuture of the outer fistula opening followed by post-operative antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for two weeks.Patients with a maximum of 2 fistula openings and no clinical or endosonographic signs of a complicated fistula were included.The primary end point was fistula healing,defined as macroscopic and clinical fistula closure and lack of patient reported fistula symptoms at 24 wk.RESULTS Fistulodesis was performed in 17 non-IBD and 3 CD patients,with a total of 22 fistulae.After 24 wk,all fistulae were healed in 4 non-IBD and 2 CD patients(overall 30%)and fistula remained closed until the end of follow-up at 10-25 mo.In a secondary per-fistula analysis,7 out of 22 fistulae(32%)were closed.Perianal disease activity index(PDAI)improved in patients with fistula healing.Low PDAI was associated with favorable outcome(P=0.0013).No serious adverse events were observed.CONCLUSION Fistulodesis is feasible and safe for perianal fistula closure.Overall success rates is at 30%comparable to other similar techniques.A trend for better outcomes in patients with low PDAI needs to be confirmed.

关键词： Fistula Fibrin glue Crohn's disease Perianal disease activity index Inflammatory bowel disease Fistula closure

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Multipurpose use of the over-the-scope-clip system(“Bear claw”) in the gastrointestinal tract:Swiss experience in a tertiary center

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16287-16292页

作者： michael Christian Sulz Reto Bertolini Remus frei Gian-Marco Semadeni Jan Borovicka Christa Meyenberger Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 9007 GallenSwitzerland

AIM:To evaluate the outcome of over-the-scope-clip system(OTSC)for endoscopic treatment of various indications in daily clinical practice in Switzerland.METHODS:This prospective,consecutive case series was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from September 2010 to January 2014.Indications for OTSC application were fistulae,anastomotic leakage,perforation,unroofed submucosal lesion for biopsy,refractory bleeding,and stent fixation in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Primary technical success was defined as the adequate deployment of the OTSC on the target lesion.Clinical success was defined as resolution of the problem;for instance,no requirement for surgery or further endoscopic intervention.In cases of recurrence,retreatment of a lesion with a second intervention was possible.Complications were classified into those related to sedation,endoscopy,or deployment of the clip.RESULTS:A total of 28 OTSC system applications werecarried out in 21 patients[median age 64 years(range42-85),33%females].The main indications were fistulae(52%),mostly after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube removal,and anastomotic leakage after GI surgery(29%).Further indications were unroofed submucosal lesions after biopsy,upper gastrointestinal bleeding,or esophageal stent fixation.The OTSC treatments were applied either in the upper(48%)or lower(52%)GI tract.The mean lesion size was 8 mm(range:2-20 mm).Primary technical success and clinical success rates were 85%and 67%,respectively.In53%of cases,the suction method was used without accessories(e.g.,twin grasper or tissue anchor).No endoscopy-related or OTSC-related complications were observed.CONCLUSION:OTSC is a useful tool for endoscopic closure of various GI lesions,including fistulae and leakages.Future randomized prospective multicenter trials are warranted.

关键词： Over-the-scope-clip system OTSC Bear claw Endoscop

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Late biliary complications in human alveolar echinococcosis are associated with high mortality

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5881-5888页

作者： Pascal frei Benjamin Misselwitz Meher K Prakash Alain M Schoepfer Bettina M Prinz Vavricka Beat Müllhaupt michael Fried Kuno Lehmann Rudolf W Ammann Stephan R Vavricka Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois1011 LausanneSwitzerland Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary and Transplantation Center Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stadtspital Triemli8063 ZurichSwitzerland

AIM:To evaluate the incidence of late biliary complications in non-resectable alveolar echinococcosis(AE)under long-term chemotherapy with benzimidazoles.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of AE patients with biliary complications occurring more than three years after the diagnosis of AE.We compared characteristics of patients with and without biliary complications,analyzed potential risk factor for biliary complications and performed survival analyses.RESULTS:Ninety four of 148 patients with AE in Zurich had non-resectable AE requiring long-term benzimidazole chemotherapy,of which 26(28%)patients developed late biliary complications.These patients had a median age of 55.5(35.5-65)years at diagnosis of AE and developed biliary complications after 15(8.25-19)years of chemotherapy.The most common biliary complications during long-term chemotherapy were late-onset cholangitis(n=14),sclerosing cholangitis-like lesions(n=8),hepatolithiasis(n=5),affection of the common bile duct(n=7)and secondary biliary cirrhosis(n=7).Thirteen of the 26 patients had undergone surgery(including 12 resections)before chemotherapy.Previous surgery was a risk factor for late biliary complications in linear regression analysis(P=0.012).CONCLUSION:Late biliary complications can be observed in nearly one third of patients with non-resectable AE,with previous surgery being a potential risk factor.After the occurrence of late biliary complications,the median survival is only 3 years,suggesting that late biliary complications indicate a poor prognostic outcome.

关键词： Alveolar echinococcosis Biliary strictures Biliary

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破裂和未破裂颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗实践标准

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国际脑血管病杂志 2013年第6期21卷 418-424页

作者： Athos Patsalides Ketan R Bulsara Daniel P Hsu Todd Abruzzo Sandm Narayanan Mahesh V Jayaraman Gary Duckwiler Richard Paul Klucznik michael Kelly Joshua A Hirsch Don Heck Jeffery Stmshine Don frei michael J Alexander Huy M Do Philip M Meyers 邱忠明(译) 张君(译) 徐格林(译) From the Department of Neurological Sure'y New York Presbyterian Hospital weill Comell Medical College New York New York USA Department of Neurosurgery Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA Department of Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA Department of Neurosurgery University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA Departments of Neurosurgmy & Neurology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan USA Departments of Diagaostic Imaging mad Neurosurgery Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA Department of Radiological Sciences UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles California USA Department of Nenroradiology Methodist Hospital Houston Texas USA Department of Neurosurgery Royal University Hospital University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada NeuroEndovascular Program Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Radiology Forsyth Medical Center Winston Salem North Carolina USA Department of Radiology University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA Department of Interventional Neuroradiology Radiology Imaging Associates Engiewood Colorado USA Department of Neurosurg:ry Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery Stanford University Medical Center Stanford California USA Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery Columbia University New York New York USA 南京军区南京总医院神经内科 210002

弹簧圈栓塞最初被设计并经美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗显微外科手术夹闭风险高的脑动脉瘤，但目前该方法越来越被认为是颅内动脉瘤的一线治疗方法。动脉瘤血管内治疗技术已有长足进步，新器材的研发使得以前因血管解剖结构复杂... 详细信息

弹簧圈栓塞最初被设计并经美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗显微外科手术夹闭风险高的脑动脉瘤，但目前该方法越来越被认为是颅内动脉瘤的一线治疗方法。动脉瘤血管内治疗技术已有长足进步，新器材的研发使得以前因血管解剖结构复杂而无法填塞的动脉瘤也得以治疗，从而扩大了血管内治疗的适应证。而且，血管内弹簧圈栓塞已成为当前动脉瘤血管内治疗的主流方法；医学文献证明，在特定患者人群中，弹簧圈栓塞的转归优于外科手术夹闭。最近的一份美国心脏协会（AmericanHeartAssociation，AHA）科学声明指出，对于适合治疗的脑动脉瘤，不论是血管内栓塞还是显微外科手术夹闭，均为破裂动脉瘤I级推荐治疗方法和未破裂动脉瘤的11a级推荐治疗方法。在这两组患者中，治疗利大于弊。一个在血管显微神经外科、神经重症监护和介入神经外科方面有着丰富经验的多学科团队最有利于对颅内动脉瘤的处理实施最佳的技术。神经血管联合写作组此前已发表过一份联合声明，提出了有关脑血管介入治疗的培训和认证的推荐意见。

关键词：颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗未破裂动脉瘤血管内弹簧圈栓塞血管内治疗技术美国食品药品监督管理局外科手术夹闭标准脑动脉瘤

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Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandemic

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 542-552,I0026-I0032页

作者： Thanh N Nguyen Diogo C Haussen Muhammad M Qureshi Hiroshi Yamagami Toshiyuki Fujinaka Ossama Y Mansour Mohamad Abdalkader michael Frankel Zhongming Qiu Allan Taylor Pedro Lylyk Omer F Eker Laura Mechtouff Michel Piotin Fabricio Oliveira Lima Francisco Mont'Alverne Wazim Izzath Nobuyuki Sakai Mahmoud Mohammaden Alhamza R Al-Bayati Leonardo Renieri Salvatore Mangiafico David Ozretic Vanessa Chalumeau Saima Ahmad Umair Rashid Syed Irteza Hussain Seby John Emma Griffin John Thornton Jose Antonio Fiorot Rodrigo Rivera Nadia Hammami Anna M Cervantes-Arslanian Hormuzdiyar H Dasenbrock Huynh Le Vu Viet Quy Nguyen Steven Hetts Romain Bourcier Romain Guile Melanie Walker Malveeka Sharma Don frei Pascal Jabbour Nabeel Herial Fawaz Al-Mufti Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir Ozlem Aykac Dheeraj Gandhi Chandril Chugh Charles Matouk Pascale Lavoie Randall Edgell Andre Beer-Furlan michael Chen Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer Vitor Mendes Pereira Patrick Nicholson Vikram Huded Nobuyuki Ohara Daisuke Watanabe Dong Hun Shin Pedro SC Magalhaes Raghid Kikano Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez Mudassir Farooqui Amal Abou-Hamden Tatsuo Amano Ryoo Yamamoto Adrienne Weeks Elena A Cora Rotem Sivan-Hoffmann Roberto Crosa Markus Möhlenbruch Simon Nagel Hosam Al-Jehani Sunil A Sheth Victor S Lopez Rivera James E Siegler Achmad Fidaus Sani Ajit S Puri Anna Luisa Kuhn Gianmarco Bernava Paolo Machi Daniel G Abud Octavio M Pontes-Neto Ajay K Wakhloo Barbara Voetsch Eytan Raz Shadi Yaghi Brijesh P Mehta Naoto Kimura Mamoru Murakami Jin Soo Lee Ji Man Hong Robert Fahed Gregory Walker Eiji Hagashi Steve M Cordina Hong Gee Roh Ken Wong Juan F Arenillas Mario Martinez-Galdamez Jordi Blasco Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez Luisa Fonseca M Luis Silva Teddy Y Wu Simon John Alex Brehm Marios Psychogios William J Mack Matthew Tenser Tatemi Todaka Miki Fujimura Roberta Novakovic Jun Deguchi Yuri Sugiura Hiroshi Tokimura Rakesh Khatri michael Kelly Lissa Peeling Yuichi Murayama Hugh Stephen Winters Johnny Wong Mohamed Teleb Jeremy Payne Hiroki Fukuda Kosuke Miyake Junsuke Shimbo Yusuke Sug Neurology RadiologyBoston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology Marcus Stroke&Neuroscience CenterGrady Memorial HospitalEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Radiology Radiation OncologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurosurgery National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurology Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt Radiology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Xinqiao HospitalChongqingChina Neurosurgery University of Cape TownRondeboschWestern CapeSouth Africa Neurosurgery Interventional NeuroradiologyClinica La Sagrada FamiliaBuenos AiresArgentina Neuroradiologie Neurologie VasculaireHospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Neurologie Vasculaire Hospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Interventional Neuroradiology Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de RothschildParisÎle-de FranceFrance Neurology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Interventional Neuroradiology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Neuroradiology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Department of Neurosurgery Kobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan Interventional Neurovascular Unit University Hospital CareggiFirenzeToscanaItaly Neuroradiology University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia Interventional Neuroradiology Hopital BicetreLe Kremlin-BicetreFrance Stroke and Interventional Neuroradiology Lahore General HospitalLahorePakistan Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Department of Radiology Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland Neurology Stroke UnitHospital-Estadual CentralVitoriaBrazil Neuroradiology Instituto de Neurocirugia Dr AsengoSantiagoChile Interventional Neuroradiology Institut National de NeurologieTunisTunisia Neurology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurosurgery Boston Medical Center

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic,decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported.The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional,retrospective,observational study across 6 continents,37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres.Patients with the diagnosis of SAH,aneurysmal SAH,ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,codes.The 3-month cumulative volume,monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before(1 year and immediately before)and during the pandemic,defined as 1 March-31 May 2020.The prior 1-year control period(1 March-31 May 2019)was obtained to account for seasonal variation.Findings There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations,with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic,representing a relative decline of 22.5%(95%CI−24.3%to−20.7%,p<0.0001).Embolisation of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1170-1035 procedures,respectively,representing an 11.5%(95%CI−13.5%to−9.8%,p=0.002)relative drop.Subgroup analysis was noted for aneurysmal SAH hospitalisation decline from 834 to 626 hospitalisations,a 24.9%relative decline(95%CI−28.0%to−22.1%,p<0.0001).A relative increase in ruptured aneurysm coiling was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1%(95%CI 32.3%to 50.6%,p=0.008)despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this tertile.Interpretation There was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations,aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 pandemic.These findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies,such as stroke and myocardial infarction.

关键词： diagnosis representing subarachnoid

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