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Fortification of pork loins with docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and its effect on flavour

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 106-113页

作者： William J Meadus Tyler D Turner michael er dugan Jennifer L Aalhus Pascale Duff David Rolland Bethany Uttaro Lorna L Gibson Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C&E TrailLacombe T4L 1 W1AB Canada

Pork is traditionally low in docosahexanoic acid （DHA, C22：6n-3） and deficient in omega-3 fats for a balanced human diet. DHA as triglycerides was commercially prepared from the microalgae Schizochytfium and injected into fresh pork loins. Treatments of a mixed brine control （CON）, 3.1% sunflower oil in mixed brine （SF） and a 3.1% DHA oil in mixed brine （DHA） were injected into pork loins at 10 mL/100 g and grilled at 205℃. After cooking, the CON and SF pork loins contained 0.03 to 0.05 mg DHA/g of pork and the DHA injected loins contained approximately 1.46 mg DHA/g. This also changed the fatty acid profile of omega-6：omega-3 from, 5 to 1 in the CON pork, to a ratio of 1.7 to 1 in DHA pork. The appearance, odor, oxidation rates and sensory taste, as judged by a trained panel, determined the DHA injected meat to be, ＇slightly desirable＇ and gave lower ＇off flavour＇ scores, relative to the CON and SF injected pork. Pork can be fortified with DHA oil to 146 mg/100 g serving, which would meet half the recommended daily omega 3 fatty acid requirements for adult humans and would be desirable in taste.

关键词： Docosahexaenoic acid Injection marinade Pork Sensory characteristics

Domination Number in Graphs with Minimum Degree Two

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2009年第8期25卷 1253-1268页

作者： er Fang SHAN Moo Young SOHN Xu Dong YUAN michael A. HENNING Department of Mathematics Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China Department of Applied Mathematics Changwon National University 641-773 Changwon Korea Department of Mathematics Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 P. R. China School of Mathematical Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa

A set D of vertices of a graph G = （V, E） is called a dominating set if every vertex of V not in D is adjacent to a vertex of D. In 1996, Reed proved that every graph of order n with minimum degree at least 3 has a dominating set of cardinality at most 3n/8. In this paper we generalize Reed＇s result. We show that every graph G of order n with minimum degree at least 2 has a dominating set of cardinality at most （3n ＋IV21）/8, where V2 denotes the set of vertices of degree 2 in G. As an application of the above result, we show that for k ≥ 1, the k-restricted domination number rk （G, γ） ≤ （3n＋5k）/8 for all graphs of order n with minimum degree at least 3.

关键词： graph dominating set domination number restricted domination number

Physiological functions of hemocytes newly emerged from the cultured hematopoietic organs in the silkworm, Bombyx moil

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Insect Science 2010年第1期17卷 7-20页

作者： Cheng-Long Wang Zhi-Xiang Wang michael M. Kariuki Qing-Zhi Ling Kenji Kiguchi er-Jun Ling Research Centre for Insect Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Applied Biology Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College Ningbo Zhejiang Province China Laboratory of Silkworm Physiology Department of Applied Biology Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan

Cellular immunity is a very important part of insect innate immunity. It is not clear if hemocytes entering the hemolymph require a maturation process to become competent. The establishment of a tissue culture system for the insect hematopoietic organs would enable physiological function assays with hemocytes newly emerged from hematopoietic organs. To this end, we established a hematopoietic organ culture system for the purebred silkworm pnd pS and then studied the physiological functions of the newly emerged hemocytes. We found that Grace＇s medium supplemented with 10% heated silkworm larval plasma was better for culturing the hematopoietic organs ofpndpS. Newly emerged hemocytes phagocytosed propidium iodide-labeled bacteria and encapsulated the Iml-2 coated nickel beads as well as pupal tissue debris. This culture system is therefore capable of generating physiologically functional hemocytes. These hemocytes can be used to study the mechanisms of the hemocyte immune response among others.

关键词： Bombyx mori encapsulation hemocyte hematopoietic organ phagocytosis tissue culture

Synthesis of Polysubstituted 1,4-Dihydropyridines via Four-component Reactions of Arylamine,Acetylenedicarboxylate, Aromatic Aldehyde and Ethyl Acetoacetate

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2012年第4期28卷 652-655页

作者： WU Ping XIA er-yan SUN Jing YAN Chao-guo Department of Biochemical Engineering Yangzhou Polytechnic UniversityYangzhou 225000P.R.China College of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002P..R.China

An efficient synthetic protocol for the 1,4-diaryl-1,4-dihydropyridines was developed via the domino four-component reaction of arylamine,acetylenedicarboxylate,aromatic aldehyde and ethyl *** reaction mechanism invol... 详细信息

关键词： 1 4-Dihydropyridine β-Enamino ester Domino reaction Four-component reaction

Ytterbium triflate hydrate catalyzed michael addition and cyclocondensation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with active methylene compounds

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第9期19卷 1024-1026页

作者： Zhi Wei Chen Yan Li Wang Ren er Chen Wei Ke Su Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University of Technology PR China College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Itangzhou 310014 PR China

Catalyzed by ytterbium（III） triflate hydrate [Yb（OTf）***20], the michael addition and cyclocondensation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with active methylene compounds to afford the 1,4-adducts and benzo[b]pyran deri... 详细信息

关键词： Ytterbium(Ⅲ) triflate hydrate α,β-Unsaturated ketones Active methylene compounds Benzo[b]pyran derivatives

Skeletal faunas from the Qiongzhusian of southern Shaanxi: biodiversity and lithofacies-biofacies links in the Lower Cambrian carbonate settings

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第1期14卷 92-97页

作者： michael STEINer 13355 Berlin Ackerstrasse 71～76 Germany Technische Universitt Berlin Sekr.ACK 14

The Xiaoyang section, located in Zhenba County of Shaanxi Province, is important both for documenting the biodiversity of the Qiongzhusian Stage (Lower Cambrian) and for analyzing lithofacies biofacies links in carbonate depositing environments on the Yangtze Platform. The skeletal fossils from the Xihaoping Member, including linguloid valves, cambroclavid and chancelloriid sclerites, genal and occipital spines of polymerid trilobites, and tubular fossils, are described here as the Eoobolus Cambroclavus fauna, which mainly occurred in peritidal environments. The fossils from the argillaceous limestones of the lower Shuijingtuo Formation, containing lingulate brachiopods, eodiscoid trilobites, bivalved arthropods, microdictyoniid sclerites and siliceous sponge spicules, are regarded as the Palaeobolus Hupeidiscus Kunmingella fauna, which presumably lived in subtidal or deeper water environments. The faunal diversity in the Xihaoping Member is lower than that in the lower Shuijingtuo Formation. The investigations of the skeletal fossil assemblages from carbonate lithofacies in southern Shaanxi will significantly contribute to a detailed documentation of the biodiversity during the Qiongzhusian interval on the Yangtze Platform and add new knowledge on the Cambrian bioradiation.

关键词： skeletal fauna Xihaoping Member Shuijingtuo Formation Lower Cambrian Shaanxi

Asymmetric catalysis in synthetic strategies for chiral benzothiazepines

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Green Synthesis and Catalysis 2020年第1期1卷 12-25页

作者： Haifeng Wang Shuangxi Gu Qiongjiao Yan Li Ding Fen-er Chen School of Chemical Engineering&Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China Pharmaceutical Research Institute Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433China

Chiral benzothiazepines constitute the core structures of many foremost pharmaceuticals with diverse biological activities endowed by their unique scaffolds,which poses a great challenge to organic chemists and pharmaceutical *** review provides a concise overview for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral benzothiazepine derivatives,focusing on advances in asymmetric catalysis,including metal catalysis,small-molecule organocatalysis and enzymatic *** catalytic asymmetric reactions,involving asymmetric epoxidation,reduction,dihydroxylation,hydrogenation,aldol reaction and other sulfa-michael addition,have emerged as powerful strategies for the rapid construction of chiral benzothiazepine through single or multistep *** booming asymmetric synthetic methodology affords us instructive clues for the highly efficient preparation of chiral benzothiazepines,facilitating their large-scale preparation and diversity-oriented synthesis.

关键词： Chiral benzothiazepine Asymmetric catalysis Metal catalysis Enzymatic catalysis Organic catalysis

Comparative performances of new and existing indices of crown asymmetry:an evaluation using tall trees of Eucalyptus pilularis(Smith)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期32卷 43-65页

作者： Fanlin Kong Huiquan Bi michael McLean Fengri Li Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education School of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China Forest Science NSW Department of Primary IndustriesParramattaNSW 2150Australia School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Over the past 50 years,crown asymmetry of forest trees has been evaluated through several indices constructed from the perspective of projected crown shape or displacement but often on an ad hoc basis to address specifi c objectives related to tree growth and competition,stand dynamics,stem form,crown structure and treefall *** sharing some similarities,these indices are largely incoherent and non-comparable as they diff er not only in the scale but also in the direction of their values in indicating the degree of crown *** the fi rst attempt at devising normative measures of crown asymmetry,we adopted a relative scale between 0 for perfect symmetry and 1 for extreme *** existing crown asymmetry indices(CAIs)were brought onto this relative scale after necessary modifi *** new CAIs were adapted from measures of circularity for digital images in computer graphics,indices of income inequality in economics,and a bilateral symmetry indicator in plant leaf *** performances of the 13 CAIs were compared over diff erent numbers of measured crown radii for 30 projected crowns of mature Eucalyptus pilularis trees through benchmarking statistics and rank order correlation *** each CAI,the index value based on the full measurement of 36 evenly spaced radii of a projected crown was taken as the true value in the benchmarking *** index(CAI 13)adapted from the simple bilateral symmetry measure proved to be the least biased and most *** performance was closely followed by that of three other *** minimum number of crown radii that is needed to provide at least an indicative measure of crown asymmetry is *** more accurate and consistent measures,at least 6 or 8 crown radii are *** range of variability in crown morphology of the trees under investigation also needs to be taken into *** the CAIs are from projected crown radii,they can be readily extended to individual tree cr

关键词： Projected crown shape Circularity Inequality Bilateral symmetry Rank order Eucalyptus pilularis

A Parameter–Free Generalized Moment Limiter for High-Order Methods on Unstructured Grids

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2009年第4期1卷 451-480页

作者： michael Yang Z.J.Wang Department of Aerospace Engineering and CFD Center Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

A parameter-free limiting technique is developed for high-order unstructured-grid methods to capture discontinuities when solving hyperbolic conservation *** technique is based on a“troubled-cell”approach,in which cells requiring limiting are first marked,and then a limiter is applied to these marked cells.A parameter-free accuracy-preserving TVD marker based on the cell-averaged solutions and solution derivatives in a local stencil is compared to several other markers in the literature in identifying“troubled cells”.This marker is shown to be reliable and efficient to consistently mark the *** a compact highorder hierarchical moment limiter is developed for arbitrary unstructured *** limiter preserves a degree p polynomial on an arbitrary *** a result,the solution accuracy near smooth local extrema is *** results for the high-order spectral difference methods are provided to illustrate the accuracy,effectiveness,and robustness of the present limiting technique.

关键词： Limiter shock-capturing high-order unstructured grids