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Geography education for Sustainable Development

Geography and Sustainability 2020年第1期1卷 88-92页

作者： michael e.Meadows Department of environmental&Geographical Science University of Cape TownRondebosch 7701South Africa School of Geographical Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China College of Geography and environmental Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

Increased pressure on the earth’s resources has led to what is increasingly referred to as the climate *** a whole range of environmental parameters have been transformed through such pressures,the effect of human activities on the climate is symbolic of the nature of the human footprint upon our planet and makes the lack of any coherent political leadership in most countries even more *** discipline of Geography has a distinct advantage in developing a more holistic understanding of global environmental challenges in that it reaches across all the sciences(including social sciences and humanities).Geographical education therefore represents an important vehicle for citizens of all ages to help them understand the complexity of the sustainability goal and what can(and should)be done to achieve a more sustainable *** this essay,I reflect on three approaches that are available to individuals and communities towards taking the steps to *** philosophy embodied by the International Year of Global Understanding(IYGU)is suggested as a particularly valuable tool for geography *** activities of the International Geographical Union(IGU)offer important opportunities for geographers to learn from each other and promote best practice in geographical ***‘the science for sustainability’,Geography has an increasingly important role to play in developing the knowledge and the skills to equip future generations with the tools to adapt to and mitigate potentially catastrophic global environmental change.

关键词： Geographical education SDGs Anthropocene Global environmental change IYGU International Charter on Geographical education

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east African topography and volcanism explained by a single,migrating plume

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1669-1680页

作者： rakib Hassan Simon e.Williams michael Gurnis Dietmar Muller School of Geosciences Room 412Madsen Building F09 Eastern AvenueThe University of SydneyNSW2006Australia Seismological Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA Now at Geoscience Australia GPO Box 378CanberraACT2601Australia State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China

Anomalous topographic swells and Cenozoic volcanism in east Africa have been associated with mantle *** models involving one or more fixed plumes beneath the northeastward migrating African plate have been suggested to explain the space-time distribution of magmatism in east *** devise paleogeographically constrained global models of mantle convection and,based on the evolution of flow in the deepest lower mantle,show that the Afar plume migrated southward throughout its *** models suggest that the mobile Afar plume provides a dynamically consistent explanation for the spatial extent of the southward propagation of the east African rift system(eArS),which is difficult to explain by the northeastward migration of Africa over one or more fixed plumes alone,over the last≈45 *** further show that the age-progression of volcanism associated with the southward propagation of eArS is consistent with the apparent surface hotspot motion that results from southward motion of the modelled Afar plume beneath the northeastward migrating African *** models suggest that the Afar plume became weaker as it migrated southwards,consistent with trends observed in the geochemical record.

关键词： Numerical mantle flow models Deep mantle flow LLSVP morphology Plume dynamics Plume motion Dynamic topography

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Clinical outcomes for men with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy—results from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative community-based registry

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 502-511页

作者： Kerri r.Beckmann michael e.O'Callaghan Andrew D.Vincent Kim L.Moretti Nicholas r.Brook Cancer epidemiology and Population Health research University of South AustraliaAdelaideAustralia Translational Oncology and Urology research Division of Pharmaceutical and Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUK South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideAustralia The Freemason's Foundation Centre for Men's Health Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Discipline of Surgery University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Department of Urology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia

Objective Positive surgical margins(PSMs)after radical prostatectomy(rP)indicate failure of surgery to completely clear *** confer an increased risk of biochemical recurrence(BCr),but how more robust outcomes are affected is *** study investigated factors associated with PSMs following rP and determined their impact on clinical outcomes(BCr,second treatment[radiotherapy and/or androgen deprivation therapy],and prostate cancer-specific mortality[PCSM]).Methods The study cohort included men diagnosed with prostate cancer(pT2-3b/N0/M0)between January 1998 and June 2016 who underwent rP from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative *** associated with risk of PSMs were identified using Poisson *** impact of PSMs on clinical outcomes(BCr,second treatment,and PCSM)was assessed using competing risk *** Of the 2827 eligible participants,28%had PSMs—10%apical,6%bladder neck,17%posterolateral,and 5%at multiple *** follow-up was 9.6 years with 81 deaths from prostate cancer *** of PSM increased with higher pathological grade and pathological tumor stage,and greater tumour volume,but decreased with increasing surgeon volume(odds ratio[Or]:0.93;95%confidence interval[CI]:0.88-0.98,per 100 previous prostatectomies).PSMs were associated with increased risk of BCr(adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio[sHr]2.5;95%CI 2.1-3.1)and second treatment(sHr 2.9;95%CI 2.4-3.5).risk of BCr was increased similarly for each PSM location,but was higher for multiple margin *** found no association between PSMs and *** Our findings support previous research suggesting that PSMs are not independently associated with PCSM despite strong association with *** PSM rates remains an important objective,given the higher likelihood of secondary treatment with associated comorbidities.

关键词： Prostate cancer Positive surgical margin Biochemical recurrence radical

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exploring and integrating cellulolytic systems of insects to advance biofuel technology

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 163-165页

作者： Jian-Zhong Sun michael e. Scharf Biofuels Institute School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013Jiangsu China entomology and Nematology Department PO Box 110620 Bldg 970 Natural Area Dr. University of FloridaGainesville FL 32611-0620 USA

In line with the requirements for sustainable economies and clean environments, cellulose-based biofuels have recently received tremendous attention both in industry and academic communities worldwide. Alternative and renewable fuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass offer the potential to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate global climate change.

关键词： PreFACeS & forewords INSeCTS BIOMASS energy

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Identification of a novel population of human cord blood cells with hema-topoietic and chondrocytic potential

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Cell research 2004年第4期14卷 268-282页

作者： Karen e JAY,Anne rOULeAU,T michael UNDerHILL,Mickie BHATIA Stem Cell Biology and regenerative Medicine The John P. robarts research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5K8 Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Stem Cell Biology and regenerative Medicine The John P. robarts research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5K8 Canada Department of Physiology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Stem Cell Biology and regenerative Medicine The John P. robarts research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5K8 Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada. Department of Physiology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada

With the exception of mature erythrocytes, cells within the human hematopoietic system are characterized by the cell surface expression of the pan-leukocyte receptor CD45. Here, we identify a novel subset among mononuclear cord blood cells depleted of lineage commitment markers (Lin) that are devoid of CD45 expression. Surprisingly, functional examination of Lin"CD45" cells also lacking cell surface CD34 revealed they were capable of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor capacity. Co-culture with mouse embryonic limb bud cells demonstrated that Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were capable of contributing to cartilage nodules and differentiating into human chondrocytes. BMP-4, a mesodermal factor known to promote chondrogenesis, significantly augmented Lin-CD45-CD34- differentiation into chondrocytes. Moreover, unlike CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells, Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were unable to proliferate or survive in liquid cultures, whereas single Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were able to chimerize the inner cell mass (IC

关键词： hematopoietic chondrocyte CD45 embryonic.

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Vulvar infl ammation as a manifestation of Crohn＇s disease

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World Journal of emergency Medicine 2017年第4期8卷 305-307页

作者： michael e. Abboud Sarah e. Frasure Department of emergency Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA

Crohn＇s disease is a chronic inflammatory boweldisease that is also associated with extra-intestinal complications, such as arthritis, erythema nodosum,deep venous thrombosis, and uveitis. Involvement of thevulva, however, is a rare fi nding in female patients withCrohn＇s disease. We present a case of vulvar Crohn＇sdisease and discuss the disease process and treatmentoptions for affected patients.

关键词： Crohn's disease chronic inflammatory complications

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The Japanese ladybirds, Coccinula crotchi and Coccinula sinensis, are infected with very closely related strains of male-killing Flavobacterium

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 699-706页

作者： Sherif elnagdy Susan Messing michael e. N. Majerus Department of Genetics University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EH UK Botany Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

Male-killing is 1 of 4 known strategies that inherited parasitic endosymbionts have evolved to manipulate their host＇s reproduction. In early male-killing, infected male offspring are killed early in embryogenesis. Within the Insecta, male-killing bacteria have been found in a wide range of hosts. The Coccinellidae families of beetles, better known as ladybirds, are particularly prone to male-killer invasion. In samples of the coccinellid, Coc- cinula crotchi, from Japan, a new male-killing bacterium was revealed by phenotypic assay. Molecular genetic analysis revealed the identity to be a tetracycline-sensitive Flavobac- terium that causes female-biased offspring sex ratio. Furthermore, that Flavobacterium strain was found to be closely related to the Flavobacterium causing male-killing in the congeneric Japanese coccinellid, Coccinula sinensis, which was collected from the same region. However, we found slightly different Flavobacterium strains infecting C. sinen- sis from regions with different environmental conditions. This may be an indication of horizontal transmission of male-killing Flavobacterium between these 2 ladybird spices. Finally, environmental conditions may affect the spread of male-killing bacteria among their hosts.

关键词： Coccinula crotchi Coccinula sinensis endosymbionts Flavobacterium inherited bacteria male-killing sex ratio distorter

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Biostratigraphy versus isotope geochronology: Testing the Urals island arc model

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 119-125页

作者： Svetlana Tessalina Cristina Talavera michael e.Pritchin Victor Puchkov John de Laeter Centre for Isotope research Curtin University The Institute for Geoscience research (TIGer) Curtin University School of GeoSciences Institute of Geology and Geochemistry Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology Ufimian Scientific Investigation Centre

Formation of the Urals volcanic-hosted massive sulphide(VHMS) deposits is considered to be related with the intra-oceanic stage of island arc(s) development in the Upper Ordoviciane Middle Devonian based on the biostratigraphic record of ore-hosting sedimentary rocks. However, the direct re-Os dating of four known VHMS systems in the Urals gives significantly younger re-Os isochron ages ranging from355 ± 15 Ma up to 366 ± 2 Ma. To address this discrepancy, we performed SHrIMP U-Pb dating on zircons extracted from rhyodacites(eifelian biostratigraphic age of 393 -388 Ma) from the footwall of the Alexandrinka VHMS deposit which has a re-Os isochron age of sulphides of 355 ± 15 *** ^(206) Pb/^(238) U mean age of 374 ± 3 Ma(MSWD ? 1.4 and probability ? 0.11) is considered to be the crystallisation age of the host volcanic rock. This age is ca. 15 Ma younger than the eifelian(393 -388 Ma)biostratigraphic age and overlaps the Frasniane Famennian boundary(372 ± 2 Ma), characterised by the final stages of Magnitogorsk Arc e east european continent collision. Such an inconsistency with geochronological age may be due to a reburial of conodonts during resedimentation as a result of erosion of older rocks in younger sedimentary sequences.

关键词： Urals Volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits U-Pb dating Geochronology

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Bacterial microcosms obey Taylor’s law:effects of abiotic and biotic stress and genetics on mean and variance of population density

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ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 77-82页

作者： Oliver Kaltz Patricia escobar-Páramo michael e Hochberg Joel e Cohen Institut des Sciences de l’evolution UMR CNRS-UM2-IRD5554CC 065UniversitéMontpellier 2Place Eugène BataillonMontpellier Cedex 0534095France Centro Internacional de Física(CIF) Biotechnology GroupUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaCra 30 N°45-03BogotáDCColombia Laboratory of Populations Rockefeller and Columbia Universities1230 York AvenueBox 20New YorkNY10065-6399USA

Introduction:According to the empirical regularity called Taylor’s law,the variance of population density in samples of populations is a power of the mean population *** exponent is often between 1 and *** experiments investigated how genetics,evolution,and environment shape Taylor’s ***:Genetically different strains(wild type and hypermutator)of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens evolved and were assayed under different environmental conditions(with and without antibiotic rifampicin and bacteriophage SBW252,separately and in combination).results:experimental treatments altered the exponent b,but not the power law form,of the relation between variance and mean population *** populations treated only with rifampicin had a narrow range of mean population densities and exponent b=*** exposed to rifampicin plus phage had b=*** ancestral,control,and phage-exposed populations,mean abundance varied widely and b was not significantly different from *** factors(mutation rate,selection)and ecological factors(abiotic,biotic)jointly influenced ***:Taylor’s power law relationship accurately and robustly described variance as a function of mean population density,with overall exponent b=*** and other experiments with different factors acting on bacterial population size support the relevance of models that predict‘universal’patterns of fluctuation scaling.

关键词： Taylor’s law Pseudomonas fluorescens rifampicin bacteriophage genetics

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Donor preoperative oxygen delivery and post-extubation hypoxia impact donation after circulatory death hypoxic cholangiopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3392-3403页

作者： Thomas J Chirichella C michael Dunham michael A Zimmerman elise M Phelan M Susan Mandell Kendra D Conzen Stephen e Kelley Trevor L Nydam Thomas e Bak Igal Kam michael e Wachs Department of Surgery Division of Transplant Surgery University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Trauma/Critical Care Services St. Elizabeth Health Center Youngstown OH 44501 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI 53226 United States Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Donor Alliance Organ Procurement Organization Denver CO 80045 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States

AIM: To evaluate donation after circulatory death (DCD) orthotopic liver transplant outcomes [hypoxic cholangiopathy (HC) and patient/graft survival] and donor ***: From 2003-2013, 45 DCD donor transplants were performed. Predonation physiologic data from UNOS DonorNet included preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, SpO2, PaO2, FiO2, and hemoglobin. Mean arterial blood pressure was computed from the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Donor preoperative arterial O2 content was computed as [hemoglobin (gm/dL) × 1.37 (mL O2/gm) × SpO2%) + (0.003 × PaO2)]. The amount of preoperative donor red blood cell transfusions given and vasopressor use during the intensive care unit stay were documented. Donors who were transfused ≥ 1 unit of red-cells or received ≥ 2 vasopressors in the preoperative period were categorized as the red-cell/multi-pressor group. Following withdrawal of life support, donor ischemia time was computed as the number-of-minutes from onset of diastolic blood pressure rtic cross clamping. Donor hypoxemia time was the number-of-minutes from onset of pulse oximetry r hypoxia score was (ischemia time + hypoxemia time) ÷ donor preoperative ***: The 1, 3, and 5 year graft and patient survival rates were 83%, 77%, 60%; and 92%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. HC occurred in 49% with 16% requiring retransplant. HC occurred in donors with increased age (33.0 ± 10.6 years vs 25.6 ± 8.4 years, P = 0.014), less preoperative multiple vasopressors or red-cell transfusion (9.5% vs 54.6%, P = 0.002), lower preoperative hemoglobin (10.7 ± 2.2 gm/dL vs 12.3 ± 2.1 gm/dL, P = 0.017), lower preoperative arterial oxygen content (14.8 ± 2.8 mL O2/100 mL blood vs 16.8 ± 3.3 m

关键词： Orthotopic liver transplantation Ischemic cholangiopathy Hypoxic cholangiopathy Donation after circulatory death Biliary complications reperfusion injury

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