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Routine use of thiopurines in maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9185-9190页

作者： brendan M boyle michael D Kappelman Richard b Colletti Robert N baldassano David E Milov wallace V Crandall Nationwide Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Vermont Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Nemours Children’s Clinic

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of thiopurines in maintaining steroid-free remission in routine clinical practice.

关键词： Crohn's disease Pediatric Remission Thiopurines Mercaptopurine

Challenge of global climate change:Prospects for a new energy paradigm

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 2-11页

作者： michael b.MCELROY School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA

Perspectives on the challenge posed by potential future climate change are presented including a discussion of prospects for carbon capture followed either by sequestration or reuse including opportunities for alternatives to the use of oil in the transportation *** potential for wind energy as an alternative to fossil fuel energy as a source of electricity is outlined including the related opportunities for cost effective curtailment of future growth in emissions of CO_(2).

关键词： climate change carbon capture wind ethanol CO_(2) radiative forcing

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如何开展和发表内镜研究

中华消化杂志 2017年第4期37卷 268-274页

作者： michael b. wallace 胡兵刘苓美国佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔市梅奥诊所不详

胃肠道软式内镜最先在20世纪60年代末期被首次报道，在接下来的20～30年间由于能够直视观察胃肠道，内镜主要用于消化道疾病的诊断。当时，临床实践中的医疗决策几乎都来源于临床经验和治疗理论，而很少基于客观证据。

关键词：胃肠道消化内镜临床应用医疗技术

Does foraging mode affect metabolic responses to feeding？ A study of pygopodid lizards

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 618-625页

作者： michael WALL michael b. THOMPSON Richard SHINE School of biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Current address: 4940 Anza St. #4 San Francisco CA 94121 USA

Foraging mode （ambush vs. active） profoundly affects many aspects of organismal biology, including metabolic rates and their relationship with food intake. Previous studies on snakes suggest that ambushers tend to have lower standard metabolic rates （SMR） and higher energetic costs of digestion and assimilation of prey （specific dynamic action, or SDA） than do active foragers. However, phylogenetic considerations may be at least partly responsible for such patterns, as foraging mode is strongly conserved evolutionarily and most SDA studies have focused on species from only two lineages of ambush foragers （pythonid and viperid snakes） and one lineage of active foragers （colubrid snakes）. We sought to deconfound the effects of phylogeny and foraging mode, investigating SMR and SDA in two closely related pygopodid lizards, the common scaly-foot Pygopus lepidopo- dus （active forager） and burton＇s legless lizard Lialis burtonis （ambush forager）. Consistent with the pattern seen in snakes, L. burtonis exhibits a significantly lower SMR and a higher SDA than does P lepidopodus. The magnitude of SDA in L. burtonis is comparable to that of some pythons and vipers, providing yet more evidence for the remarkable convergence between this species and ambush-foraging snakes [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 618-625, 2013].

关键词： Ecology Metabolic rates Reptile Specific dynamic action

Coordination of Schwann cell myelination and node formation at the transcriptional level

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1269-1270页

作者： Franziska Fröb michael Wegner Institut für biochemie Emil-Fischer-ZentrumFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Formation of the node of Ranvier as a highly coordinated event:Saltatory conduction ensures that information in the vertebrate nervous system is rapidly transmitted over large distances and efficiently processed in complex *** requires the insulation of axonal segments by myelin and the formation of highly structured nodes of Ranvier that are interspersed at regular intervals between successive myelin sheaths and regenerate the action potential as it propagates along the nerve(Rasband and Peles,2021).

关键词： successive insulation conduction

Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第40期27卷 6794-6824页

作者： Paul T Kröner Megan ML Engels benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft michael b.wallace Hashem b El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Cancer Center Amsterdam Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMCLocation AMCAmsterdam 1105The Netherlands The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Leiden University Medical CenterAmsterdam 2300The Netherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sheikh Shakhbout Medical CityAbu Dhabi 11001United Arab Emirates Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Section of Health Services Research Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Section of Cardiology Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTX 77030United States

The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical *** field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an *** clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IbD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic *** objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IbD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Clinical applications Gastroenterology

Non-isothermal effectiveness factors in thermo-chemical char conversion

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2021年第1期4卷 47-54页

作者： Markus bösenhofer michael Harasek TU Wien Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringGetreidemarkt 9/1661060 ViennaAustria K1-MET GmbH Area 4-Simulation and AnalysesStahlstraße 144020 LinzAustria

Modeling heterogeneous combustion and gasification at large or industry scale is important in ongoing research and development *** simulations rely on comprehensive,accurate,and efficient solid conversion *** diffusion is an important sub-process of gas-solid reactions and is often approximated by effectiveness *** expressions for isothermal effectiveness factors are usually used,due to the numerical effort of determining non-isothermal *** consequences of this simplification are evaluated by determining non-isothermal effectiveness factors for typical combustion conditions for the reactions of carbon with O_(2),CO_(2),H_(2)O,and H_(2).The results show that exothermal reaction rates are under-estimated,while endothermal are over-estimated at low and intermediate temperatures for Thiele moduli between 0.1 and *** addition,the reaction zone relocates towards the outer particle layers under these ***-sensitivity effects between the four reactions are neglected in this study.A reasonable approximation is the superposition of the individual reactions,because the oxidation reaction is dominant under typical combustion conditions.

关键词： Reaction-diffusion equation Non-isothermal char conversion Gas-solid reactions Shooting method Non-linear boundary value problem

Software for automated classification of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy videos of colorectal polyps

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5560-5569页

作者： barbara André Tom Vercauteren Anna M buchner Murli Krishna Nicholas Ayache michael b.wallace Image Computing Group Mauna Kea Technologies75010 ParisFrance Asclepios Research Team The National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control Sophia Antipolis06902 Sophia AntipolisFrance Division of Gastroenterology Hospital of theUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Hospital in JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFL 3224United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Hospital in JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFL 3224United States

AIM:To support probe-based confocal laser endomi-croscopy (pCLE) diagnosis by designing software for the automated classification of colonic polyps. METHODS:Intravenous fluorescein pCLE imaging of colorectal lesions was performed on patients under-going screening and surveillance colonoscopies, followed by polypectomies. All resected specimens were reviewed by a reference gastrointestinal pathologist blinded to pCLE information. Histopathology was used as the criterion standard for the differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. The pCLE video sequences, recorded for each polyp, were analyzed off-line by 2 expert endoscopists who were blinded to the endoscopic characteristics and histopathology. These pCLE videos, along with their histopathology diagnosis, were used to train the automated classification software which is a content-based image retrieval technique followed by k-nearest neighbor classification. The performance of the off-line diagnosis of pCLE videos established by the 2 expert endoscopists was compared with that of automated pCLE software classification. All evaluations were performed using leave-one-patient- out cross-validation to avoid bias. RESULTS:Colorectal lesions (135) were imaged in 71 patients. based on histopathology, 93 of these 135 lesions were neoplastic and 42 were non-neoplastic. The study found no statistical significance for the difference between the performance of automated pCLE software classification (accuracy 89.6%, sensitivity 92.5%, specificity 83.3%, using leave-one-patient-out cross-validation) and the performance of the off-line diagnosis of pCLE videos established by the 2 expert endoscopists (accuracy 89.6%, sensitivity 91.4%, specificity 85.7%). There was very low power (bserved differences. The 95% confidence intervals for equivalence testing were:-0.073 to 0.073 for accuracy, -0.068 to 0.089 for sensitivity and -0.18 to 0.13 for specificity. The classification software proposed i

关键词： Colorectal neoplasia Computer-aided diag-nosis Content-based image retrieval Nearest neigh-bor classification software Probe-based confocal laserendomicroscopy

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Therapy for Early Colorectal Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第1期4卷 291-298页

作者： Kondal R. Kyanam Kabir baig michael b. wallace Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Jacksonville USA

We review the use of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in the treatment of early colorectal cancer. Newer endoscopic imaging modalities have lead to earlier detection of advanced lesions thus enabling endoscopic curative therapy of lesions that would otherwise need surgery. Early outcomes data suggest promising results. but further long term prospective studies are needed.

关键词： EMR Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ESD Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Early Colon Cancer Colon Cancer Therapy