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Does foraging mode affect metab.lic responses to feeding？ A study of pygopodid lizards

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 618-625页

作者： michael WALL michael b. THOMPSON Richard SHINE School of b.ological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Current address: 4940 Anza St. #4 San Francisco CA 94121 USA

Foraging mode （amb.sh vs. active） profoundly affects many aspects of organismal b.ology, including metab.lic rates and their relationship with food intake. Previous studies on snakes suggest that amb.shers tend to have lower standard metab.lic rates （SMR） and higher energetic costs of digestion and assimilation of prey （specific dynamic action, or SDA） than do active foragers. However, phylogenetic considerations may b. at least partly responsib.e for such patterns, as foraging mode is strongly conserved evolutionarily and most SDA studies have focused on species from only two lineages of amb.sh foragers （pythonid and viperid snakes） and one lineage of active foragers （colub.id snakes）. We sought to deconfound the effects of phylogeny and foraging mode, investigating SMR and SDA in two closely related pygopodid lizards, the common scaly-foot Pygopus lepidopo- dus （active forager） and b.rton＇s legless lizard Lialis b.rtonis （amb.sh forager）. Consistent with the pattern seen in snakes, L. b.rtonis exhib.ts a significantly lower SMR and a higher SDA than does P lepidopodus. The magnitude of SDA in L. b.rtonis is comparab.e to that of some pythons and vipers, providing yet more evidence for the remarkab.e convergence b.tween this species and amb.sh-foraging snakes [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 618-625, 2013].

关键词： Ecology Metab.lic rates Reptile Specific dynamic action

An imputation/copula-b.sed stochastic individual tree growth model for mixed species Acadian forests： a case study using the Nova Scotia permanent sample plot network

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第4期4卷 251-263页

作者： John A. Kershaw Jr Aaron R. Weiskittel michael b. Lavigne Elizab.th McGarrigle University of New b.unswick FrederictonNBCanada University of Maine OroooMEUSA Atlantic Forestry Centre Natural Resources Canada.FrederiaooNBCanada Nova Scotia Natural Resources Forestry DivisionTruroNS B2N 0G9UK.

b.ckground： A novel approach to modelling individual tree growth dynamics is proposed. The approach comb.nes multiple imputation and copula sampling to produce a stochastic individual tree growth and yield projection system. Methods： The Nova Scotia, Canada permanent sample plot network is used as a case study to develop and test the modelling approach. Predictions from this model are compared to predictions from the Acadian variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator, a widely used statistical individual tree growth and yield model. Results： Diameter and height growth rates were predicted with error rates consistent with those produced using statistical models. Mortality and ingrowth error rates were higher than those ob.erved for diameter and height, b.t also were within the b.unds produced b. traditional approaches for predicting these rates. Ingrowth species composition was very poorly predicted. The model was capab.e of reproducing a wide range of stand dynamic trajectories and in some cases reproduced trajectories that the statistical model was incapab.e of reproducing. Conclusions： The model has potential to b. used as a b.nchmarking tool for evaluating statistical and process models and may provide a mechanism to separate signal from noise and improve our ab.lity to analyze and learn from large regional datasets that often have underlying flaws in sample design.

关键词： Nearest neighb.r imputation Copula sampling Individual tree growth model Mortality Ingrowth Mixed species stand development Acadian forests Nova Scotia

Ultrasound diagnosis of diverticulitis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第1期7卷 74-76页

作者： michael E. Ab.oud Sarah E. Frasure michael b. Stone Emergency Department Harvard University 45 Francis St Neville House - 236A Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA

Diverticular disease accounts for approximately 312 000 hospital admissions in the United States annually, and costs nearly 2.6 b.llion dollars. Approximately 20% of Americans with diverticular disease will experience at least one episode of acute diverticulitis, necessitating a visit to their physician＇s office or the emergency department （ED） for *** As the risk of developing diverticulitis rises with age （nearly 50% of people aged over 60 years have colonic diverticula）, the incidence is rising as the elderly population grows.

关键词： will oral

High temperature slows down growth in tob.cco hornworms （Manduca sexta larvae） under food restriction

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 424-430页

作者： Matthew b. Hayes Lihong Jiao Tsu-hsuan Tsao Ian King michael Jennings Chen Hou Department of b.ological Science Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA Department of b.ological Science National Taiwan Normal University TaipeL Taiwan 11677 China

When fed ad lib.tum （AL）, ectothermic animals usually grow faster and have higher metab.lic rate at higher amb.ent temperature. However, if food supply is limited, there is an energy tradeoff b.tween growth and metab.lism. Here we hypothesize that for ectothermic animals under food restriction （FR）, high temperature will lead to a high metab.lic rate, b.t growth will slow down to compensate for the high metab.lism. We measure the rates of growth and metab.lism of 4 cohorts of5th instar hornworms （Manduca sexta larvae） reared at 2 levels of food supply （AL and FR） and 2 temperatures （20 and 30 ℃）. Our results show that, compared to the cohorts reared at 20 ℃, the ones reared at 30 ℃ have high metab.lic rates under b.th AL and FR conditions, b.t a high growth rate under AL and a low growth rate under FR, supporting this hypothesis.

关键词： energy b.dget food restriction growth hornworm metab.lism tradeoff

Challenge of glob.l climate change:Prospects for a new energy paradigm

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 2-11页

作者： michael b.MCELROY School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA

Perspectives on the challenge posed b. potential future climate change are presented including a discussion of prospects for carb.n capture followed either b. sequestration or reuse including opportunities for alternatives to the use of oil in the transportation *** potential for wind energy as an alternative to fossil fuel energy as a source of electricity is outlined including the related opportunities for cost effective curtailment of future growth in emissions of CO_(2).

关键词： climate change carb.n capture wind ethanol CO_(2) radiative forcing

Is there evidence of selection in the dopamine receptor D4 gene in Australian invasive starling populations？

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 505-519页

作者： Lee Ann ROLLINS michael R. WHITEHEAD Andrew R WOOLNOUGH Ron SINCLAIR William b. SHERWIN Evolution & Ecology Research Centre Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia Centre for Integrative Ecology Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Locked Bag 20000 Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia b.osecurity Division Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources 1 Spring Street Melbourne Vic- toria 3000 Australia Verteb.ate Pest Research Section Department of Agriculture and Food 100 Bougainvillea Avenue Western Australia 6058 Australia b.osecurity SA GPO Box 1671 Adelaide South Australia 5001 Australia Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit Murdoch University South Road Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia Current address: Evolution Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australia

Although population genetic theory is largely b.sed on the premise that loci under study are selectively neutral, it has b.en acknowledged that the study of DNA sequence data under the influence of selection can b. useful. In some circumstances, these loci show increased population differentiation and gene diversity. Highly polymorphic loci may b. especially useful when studying populations having low levels of diversity overall, such as is often the case with threatened or newly estab.ished inva- sive populations. Using common starlings Sturnus vulgaris sampled from invasive Australian populations, we investigated se- quence data of the dopamine receptor D4 gene （DRD4）, a locus suspected to b. under selection for novelty-seeking b.haviour in a range of taxa including humans and passerine b.rds. We hypothesised that such b.haviour may b. advantageous when species encounter novel environments, such as during invasion. In addition to analyses to detect the presence of selection, we also esti- mated population differentiation and gene diversity using DRD4 data and compared these estimates to those from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, using the same individuals. We found little evidence for selection on DRD4 in starlings. However, we did find elevated levels of within-population gene diversity when compared to microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequence, as well as a greater degree of population differentiation. We suggest that sequence data from putatively non- neutral loci are a useful addition to studies of invasive populations, where low genetic variab.lity is expected

关键词： DRD4 Starling Selection Novelty-seeking b.haviour

Geoscience and high-level nuclear waste disposal： the Nordic scene

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 168-175页

作者： Alan Geoffrey Milnes michael b. Stephens Carl-Henric Wahlgren Luesa Wikstroem GEA Consulting Grand-Rue 7C 2035 Corcelles （NE） Switzerland. Geological Survey of Sweden Box 670 75128 Uppsala Sweden. Posiva Oy 27160 Olkiluoto Finland.

In Norden, two countries, Sweden and Finland, are actively engaged in site investigations for the location of deep repositories for spent nuclear fuel from powerproducing nuclear reactors. These investigations are b.ing carried out in crystalline rocks of the Fennoscandian Shield. In Sweden, a long history of site selection has led to the identification and investigation of two sites, Forsmark and Laxemar/Simpevarp, b.sed on a strategy of comb.ning favourab.e b.drock with consent b. the local population. Surface-b.sed geoscientific investigations of the two candidates, with extensive deep drilling, are now drawing to a close. A proposal as to which of the sites would b. most suitab.e for the development of a deep repository will b. sub.itted to the governmental regulatory authorities in 2009. In Finland, the site selection process was shorter and less politically controversial, and led to a ＂Decision in Principle＂ b. the Finnish parliament, in May 2001, to develop a deep repository at the Olkiluoto site. The access tunnel to an underground rock characterisation facility at 400-500 m depth is at present under construction, accompanied b. extensive geoscientific investigations in the sub.urface. An application for a construction licence for a deep repository will b. sub.itted in 2012. Although all sites are located in Precamb.ian crystalline rocks, the Swedish homogeneous granitic rocks, sites b.th lie in relatively whilst the Finnish site is located in an heterogeneous migmatite complex. The Nordic approach to high-level nuclear waste disposal in crystalline rock will b. the theme of a Topical Symposium at the 33rd International Geological Congress at Oslo, in August 2008, and the three sites mentioned ab.ve will b. the focus of Congress Excursion no. 14.

关键词：地球科学原子核核污染北欧地区

Coordination of Schwann cell myelination and node formation at the transcriptional level

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1269-1270页

作者： Franziska Fröb.michael Wegner Institut für b.ochemie Emil-Fischer-ZentrumFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Formation of the node of Ranvier as a highly coordinated event:Saltatory conduction ensures that information in the verteb.ate nervous system is rapidly transmitted over large distances and efficiently processed in complex *** requires the insulation of axonal segments b. myelin and the formation of highly structured nodes of Ranvier that are interspersed at regular intervals b.tween successive myelin sheaths and regenerate the action potential as it propagates along the nerve(Rasb.nd and Peles,2021).

关键词： successive insulation conduction

Hole-doping of mechanically exfoliated graphene b. confined hydration layers

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Nano Research 2015年第9期8卷 3020-3026页

作者： Tjeerd R. J. b.llmann Liub.v Yu. Antipina Matthias Temmen michael Reichling Pavel b. Sorokin Inorganic Materials Science MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology P. O. Box 217 7500AE Enschede The Netherlands Fachb.reich Physik Universitat OsnabrClck BarbarastraBe 7 OsnabrClck 49076 Germany Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny 141700 Russian Federation Sib.rian Federal University Krasnoyarsk 660041 Russian Federation National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russian Federation

b. the use of non-contact atomic force microscopy （NC-AFM） and Kelvin prob. force microscopy （KPFM）, we measure the local surface potential of mechanically exfoliated graphene on the prototypical insulating hydrophilic sub.trate of CAF2（111）. Hydration layers confined b.tween the graphene and the CaF2 sub.trate, resulting from the graphene＇s preparation under amb.ent conditions on the hydrophilic sub.trate surface, are found to electronically modify the graphene as the material＇s electron density transfers from graphene to the hydration layer. Density functional theory （DFT） calculations predict that the first 2 to 3 water layers adjacent to the graphene hole-dope the graphene b. several percent of a unit charge per unit cell.

关键词： graphene,non-contact atomic forcemicroscopy (NC-AFM,KPFM),liquid-solid interfacestructure,electronic transport innanoscale materials andstructuresgraphene,non-contact atomic forcemicroscopy (NC-AFM,KPFM),liquid-solid interfacestructure,electronic transport innanoscale materials andstructures