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Improving sorghum digestion in broilers by targeting fermentation of xylan

Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 198-206页

作者： Natalie K.Morgan Andrew wallace michael R.Bedford University of New England School of Environmental and Rural ScienceArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia AB Vista Woodstock CourtBlenheim RoadMarlborough Business ParkMarlboroughWiltshireEnglandUnited Kingdom Curtin University Kent StreetBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia

This study was to examine if it is possible to accelerate sorghum digestion in broiler chickens by targeting fermentation of the xylan.Cobb 500 broilers(n=960,80 birds per treatment)were fed 12 sorghumsoybean meal-based dietary treatments fed as 3 phases(starter d 0 to 12,grower d 13 to 23,finisher d 24 to 35),with 8 replicate pens of 10 birds per treatment.For half of the treatments(n=6),10%of the sorghum in the diet was directly replaced with 10%wheat bran,as a source of fermentable fibre.The diets were supplemented with either 0,50 or 2,000 mg/kg xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS),with or without xylanase application.Body weight gain(BWG),feed intake(FI)and feed conversion corrected for mortality(cFCR)was determined at d 0 to 35,and male and female body weight were measured on d 35.On d 35,ileum and caeca samples were collected from 2 birds per pen,for determination of caecal cellulase and xylanase activity,microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentration,and ileal XOS concentration.Supplementation with 2,000 mg/kg XOS caused increased BWG at d 0 to 35(P=0.007)and enhanced caecal propionic,valeric and succinic acid concentration(P<0.05).Wheat bran increased FI(P=0.018)and BWG(P=0.016),as well as caecal Bifidobacteria concentration(P<0.001).Ileal XOS concentration was greatest when feeding combined wheat bran,2,000 mg/kg XOS,and xylanase,resulting in increased caecal total SCFA,acetic acid and butyric acid concentration,and xylanase and cellulase activity(P<0.05).Results from this study present that feed efficiency in birds fed sorghum-based diets is improved as a consequence of supplementing with fermentable fibre,xylanase and XOS.

关键词： Xylanase Sorghum Oligosaccharides Broiler

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Endoscopic identification of endoluminal esophageal landmarks for radial and longitudinal orientation and lesion location

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 498-508页

作者： Fabian Emura Rene Gomez-Esquivel Carlos Rodriguez-Reyes Petros Benias Javier Preciado Michael Wallace Luis Giraldo-Cadavid Division of Gastroenterology Universidad de La Sabana Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy EmuraCenter LatinoAmerica Emura Foundation for the Promotion of Cancer Research Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva Clínica Pediátrica Colsanitas Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Division of Gastroenterology North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center Unidad de Exploraciones Digestivas Clinica Universitaria Colombia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Department of Internal Medicine. Universidad de La Sabana Division of Interventional Pulmonology Fundacion Neumologica Colombiana

AIM To characterize esophageal endoluminal landmarks to permit radial and longitudinal esophageal orientation and accurate lesion location.METHODS Distance from the incisors and radial orientation were estimated for the main left bronchus and the left atrium landmarks in 207 consecutive patients using white light examination. A sub-study was also performed using white light followed by endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) in 25 consecutive patients to confirm the findings.The scope orientation throughout the exam was maintained at the natural axis,where the left esophageal quadrant corresponds to the area between 6 and 9 o'clock. When an anatomical landmark was identified, it was recorded with a photograph and its quadrant orientation and distance from the incisors were determined. The reference points to obtain the distances and radial orientation were as follows: the midpoint of the left main bronchus and the most intense pulsatile zone of the left atrium. With the video processor system set to moderate insufflation, measurements were obtained at the end of the patients' air expiration.RESULTS The left main bronchus and left atrium esophageal landmarks were identified using white light in 99% and 100% of subjects at a mean distance of 25.8 cm(SD2.3), and 31.4 cm(SD 2.4) from the incisors, respectively. The left main bronchus landmark was found to be a tubular, concave, non-pulsatile, esophageal external compression, occupying approximately 1/4 of the circumference. The left atrium landmark was identified as a round, convex, pulsatile, esophageal external compression, occupying approximately 1/4 of the circumference. Both landmarks were identified using white light on the anterior esophageal quadrant. In the substudy, the left main bronchus was identified in 24(92%) patients at 25.4 cm(SD2.1) and 26.7 cm(SD 1.9) from the incisors, by white light and EUS, respectively.The left atrium was recognized in all patients at 30.5 cm(SD 1.9), and 31.6 cm(SD2.3) from the incisors, by both white light and EUS, respectively. EUS confi

关键词： Esophagus Natural landmark Radial orientation Longitudinal orientation Four-quadrants Left main bronchus Left atrium

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如何开展和发表内镜研究

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中华消化杂志 2017年第4期37卷 268-274页

作者： michael B. wallace 胡兵刘苓美国佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔市梅奥诊所不详

胃肠道软式内镜最先在20世纪60年代末期被首次报道，在接下来的20～30年间由于能够直视观察胃肠道，内镜主要用于消化道疾病的诊断。当时，临床实践中的医疗决策几乎都来源于临床经验和治疗理论，而很少基于客观证据。

关键词：胃肠道消化内镜临床应用医疗技术

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IT governance policies & procedures

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2008年

作者： Michael Wallace Larry Webber.

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Diagnostic approach to patients with acute idiopathic and recurrent pancreatitis,what should be done?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第7期14卷 1007-1010页

作者： Mohammad Al-Haddad michael B wallace Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32224United States

Acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) is a common clinical condition that may be difficult to diagnose. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is proposed to be a safe first line test of choice in the majority of patients. When interventions are needed to remove biliary stones, evaluate sphincter of Oddi or pancreas divisum, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is recommended. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) can be a suitable alternative from a diagnostic standpoint although may not be widely available. Finally, genetic testing is increasingly used to detect certain mutations that are associated with this diagnosis.

关键词：内窥镜超声检查胰腺炎临床表现

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Chemical cues from kingsnakes do not cause inducible defenses in house mice

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Current Zoology 2012年第6期58卷 797-804页

作者： W. wallace STARKE Ⅲ michael H. FERKIN Department of Biological Sciences Ellington Hall University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Abstract Many rodents exhibit inducible defenses when exposed to chemical cues from mammalian predators. These responses may include delays in sexual maturation, smaller adult body size and decreases in litter size and pup weight. We exposed the hybrid juvenile offspring of field-caught and lab-descended house mice Mus musculus to the chemical cues of mouse-fed or chick-fed kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula, for 20days after weaning, to examine the effects of ophidian predator cues on prey development. We hypothesized that these cues would elicit inducible defenses such as alteration of growth rates, and/or the timing of reproductive development in mice. Once mature, the reproductive effort of the mice might also be impacted by producing smaller litter sizes or lighter pups or not reproducing at all. We found no effect of kingsnake cues on any of the measures. These findings support the hypothesis that inducible defenses may have evolved as a strategy to deal with specific predators.

关键词：化学信号诱导性小家鼠防御啮齿类动物窝产仔数哺乳动物生殖发育

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Study skills in English Frist

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1980年

作者： wallace M.J

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The effects of cues from kingsnakes on the reproductive effort of house mice

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 135-141页

作者： W. wallace STARKE III michael H. FERKIN Department of Biological Sciences University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

It is not clear if rodents express inducible defenses in response to reptilian predators such as snakes. We tested the hypothesis that adult house mice Mus musculus decrease aspects of their reproductive effort upon 1hour of exposure every 48hours for a 25-day period to the fecal material and shed skins of a euryphagous ophidian predator, the kingsnake Lampropeltis getula, that had been fed mice. We found no significant differences in the total number of offspring born, the number of pups per litter, and the mean weight of pups in litters born to male and female mice that were exposed to predator cues and those mice that were not exposed to such cues. The lack of an inducible response may be associated with the low cost of an effective defense, or the lack of an effective defense against a generalist snake predator [Current Zoology 59 (1):135-141, 2013].

关键词：小家鼠生殖力线食肉动物雌性小鼠平均重量诱导反应防御

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美国自闭症协会：促进全球对自闭症的认识、科研及服务

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北京大学学报（医学版） 2009年第4期41卷 389-391页

作者： Andv SHIH michael ROSANOFF Simon wallace Geraldine DAWSON Autism Speaks 2 Park Avenue 4^th Floor New York NY 10016 USA

Autism is a complex neurobiological,developmental disorder that is typically diagnosed in childhood and often lasts throughout a person's life time. Autism is part of a group of disorders known as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) characterized by varying degrees of symptom severity and impact,ranging from mild or 'high-functioning' to quite severe or 'low-functioning.' The hallmark characteristics of autism include an impaired ability to communicate and relate to others socially. Autism is also associated with a restricted range of activities and repetitive behaviors,such as obsessively arranging objects or following very specific routines.ASD can usually be reliably diagnosed behaviorally by age 2,although new research is developing screening and diagnostic measures for children as young as 12-18 months of age. In 2007,the American Academy of Pedia-trics recommended screening of all children for ASD at 18 and 24 months of age. While there is no known cure,research indicates that early intervention in an appropriate educational setting for at least two years during the preschool years can result in significant improvements in language,cognitive ability,and social skills for many young children with autism spectrum disorders. Early detection and diagnosis is essential for maximizing the benefits of early intervention. As soon as autism is diagnosed,early intervention instruction should begin. Effective programs focus on developing communication,social,and cognitive skills[1].

关键词：孤独性障碍健康促进

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IT governance policies & procedures 2008 ed.

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2008年

作者： wallace michael.

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