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Applying ionic liquids as oil additives for gearboxes:Going beyond the state of the art by bridging the nano-scale and component level

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Friction 2023年第6期11卷 1057-1078页

作者： Azhaarudeen ANIFA MOHAMED FARUCK Philipp G.GRÜTZMACHER Chia-Jui HSU Dominik DWORSCHAK Hsiu-Wei CHENG Markus VALTINER Kristof STAGEL Philipp MIKSOVSKY Apurba Ranjan SAHOO Aitor SAINZ MARTINEZ Katharina BICA-SCHRODER michael weigand Carsten GACHOT Institut für Konstruktionswissenschaften und Produktentwicklung(IKP) Tribology Research DivisionTU WienVienna1060Austria Institut für Angewandte Physik(IAP) Applied Interface Physics research groupTU WienVienna1040Austria Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie(IAS) Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis research groupTU WienVienna1060Austria

Ionic liquids(ILs)have been used effectively in many applications for reducing problems related to friction and *** this work,the potential of ILs as an anti-wear and extreme pressure lubricant additive for high load-carrying gearbox applications such as helicopter transmissions has been *** halide-free ILs:P_(8881)(BuO)_(2)PO_(2)^(-)(1)and P_(8881)(MeO)_(2)PO_(2)^(-)(2),which are blended at 5 wt%each into a standard non-additivated FVA2 base oil(BO)are *** solid-liquid interface,friction and load-carrying capacity,and wear(scuffing)behavior are studied on the nano-,lab-,and component-scale,respectively,at a different range of temperature and loading conditions by using the atomic force microscopy(AFM),Schwing-Reib-Verschleiβ(SRV)friction tests,and Brugger tests,as well as forschungsstelle für zahnrader und getriebebau(FZG)back-to-back gear test *** AFM analysis shows nearly no change of adhesion over the full range of studied temperature for the IL blends compared to the ***,IL blends demonstrate a very stable coefficient of friction(COF)of around 0.16,which even decreases with increasing test temperatures ranging from 40 to 120℃.A clear reduction in COF up to 25%is achieved by adding only 5 wt%of the investigated Ils in the BO,and the Brugger tests also show a pronounced enhancement of load-carrying ***,on the component-scale,a significant improvement in gear scuffing performance has been observed for both used IL blends.A detailed characterization of the wear tracks from the SRV friction tests via the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed the formation of a phosphate(P-O)-based amorphous tribo-chemical layer of about 20 nm ***,this work may present an approach for Ils to be used as an additive in conventional lubricants due to their ability to enhance the lubrication properties,making them an alternative lubricant solution for high load-carrying gearbox applications.

关键词： ionic liquids(ILs) additives gears scuffing friction load-carrying capacity

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Lack of correlation between Treg quantification assays in inflammatory bowel disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第11期21卷 3325-3329页

作者： Gunnar Brandhorst Darinka Todorova Petrova Sebastian weigand Christoph Eberle Nicolas von Ahsen Jessica Schmitz Frank Christian Schultze Dirk Raddatz michael Karaus michael Oellerich Philip D Walson Department of Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Department of Clinical Pharmacology University Medical Center Chronix Biomedical Clinics of Gastroen-terology and Endocrinology University Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Evangelisches Krankenhaus G?ttingen--Weende

AIM:To compare the number of regulatory T-cells( Tregs) measured by flow cytometry with those obtained using a real-time quantitative PCR(q PCR) method in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:Tregs percentages obtained by both flow cytometry and q PCR methods in 35 adult IBD patients,18 out of them with Crohn′s disease(CD)and 17 with ulcerative colitis(UC)were compared to each other as well as to scores on two IBD activity questionnaires using the Harvey Bradshaw Index(HBI)for CD patients and the Simple Colitis Clinical Activity Index(SCCAI)for UC *** Treg percentages by flow cytometry were defined as CD4+CD25highCD127lowFOXP3+cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells,whereas the Treg percentages by q PCR method were determined as FOXP3 promoter demethylation in genomic ***:We found an average of 1.56%±0.78%Tregs by using flow cytometry,compared to 1.07%±0.53%Tregs by using q PCR in adult IBD *** were no significant correlations between either the percentages of Tregs measured by flow cytometry or q PCR and the HBI or SCCAI questionnaire scores in CD or UC patients,*** addition,there was no correlation between Treg percentages measured by q PCR and those measured by flow cytometry(r=-0.06,P=0.73;Spearman Rho).These data suggest that,either Treg-related immune function or the clinical scores in these IBD patients did not accurately reflect actual disease *** the cause(s)for these differences are more clearly defined,the resultssuggest caution in interpreting studies of Tregs in various inflammatory ***:The two methods did not produce equivalent measures of the percentage of total Tregs in the IBD patients studied which is consistent with the conclusion that Tregs subtypes are not equally detected by these two assays.

关键词： Regulatory T-cells Inflammatory bowel disease Croh

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能量一致的相对论从头算赝势及其在重元素量化计算中的应用

能量一致的相对论从头算赝势及其在重元素量化计算中的应用

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中国化学会第28届学术年会

作者：曹晓燕 Anna weigand Jan Ciupka Tim Hangele michael Dolg Institute for Theoretical Chemistry Greinstr.450939Cologne

＜正＞为降低计算量,有效核实势（ECP:effective core potential）方法仅对化学性质活泼的价电子做严格的量子化学处理,而原子内层电子的作用则隐含在所谓的ECP中。另一方面,由于相对论效应与核电荷数的四次方成正比,所以对含重原子体... 详细信息

＜正＞为降低计算量,有效核实势（ECP:effective core potential）方法仅对化学性质活泼的价电子做严格的量子化学处理,而原子内层电子的作用则隐含在所谓的ECP中。另一方面,由于相对论效应与核电荷数的四次方成正比,所以对含重原子体系的量化计算必须考虑相对论效应。根据爱因斯坦的理论,主要的相对论效应来自于高速运动

关键词：赝势从头算重元素

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