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Medical artificial intelligence and the black box problem:a view based on the ethical principle of“do no harm”

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 52-57页

作者： Hanhui Xu Kyle michael James Shuttleworth School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China Department of Global Connectivity Akita International UniversityOkutsubakidai-193-2 YuwatsubakigawaAkita010-1211Japan

One concern about the application of medical artificial intelligence(AI)regards the“black box”feature which can only be viewed in terms of itsinputs and outputs,with no way to understand the AI’s *** problematic because patients,physicians,and even designers,do not understand why or how a treatment recommendation is produced by AI *** view claims that the worry about black-box medicine is unreasonable because AI systems outperform human doctors in identifying the ***,under the medical AI-physicianpatient model,the physician can undertake the responsibility of interpreting the medical AI’s *** this study,we focus on the potential harm caused by the unexplainability feature of medical AI and try to show that such possible harm is *** will seek to contribute to the literature from three ***,we appealed to a thought experiment to show that although the medical AI systems perform better on accuracy,the harm caused by medical AI’s misdiagnoses may be more serious than that caused by human doctors’misdiagnoses in some ***,in patient-centered medicine,physicians were obligated to provide adequate information to their patients in medical ***,the unexplainability feature of medical AI systems would limit the patient’s ***,we tried to illustrate the psychological and financial burdens that may be caused by the unexplainablity feature of medical AI systems,which seems to be ignored by the previous ethical discussions.

关键词： Medical artificial intelligence Black box problem Do no harm Paternalism

Diabetic cardiomyopathy:Importance of direct evidence to support the roles of NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and pyroptosis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1659-1662页

作者： Lu Cai Yi Tan Md Shahidul Islam michael Horowitz Kupper A Wintergerst Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsRadiation OncologyPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalLouisvilleKY 40202United States Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Department of Medicine University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Pediatric Research Institute Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of PediatricsWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202United States

Recently,the roles of pyroptosis,a form of cell death induced by activated NODlike receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)have been extensively ***,most studies have focused mainly on whether diabetes increases the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis in the heart of type 1 or type 2 diabetic rodent models,and whether various medications and natural products prevent the development of DCM,associated with decreased levels of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome and *** direct link of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear based on the limited evidence derived from the available studies,with the approaches of NLRP3 gene silencing or pharmaceutical application of NLRP3 specific *** thus emphasize the requirement for more systematic studies that are designed to provide direct evidence to support the link,given that several studies have provided both direct and indirect evidence under specific *** editorial emphasizes that the current investigation should be circumspect in its conclusion,i.e.,not overemphasizing its role in the pathogenesis of DCM with the fact of only significantly increased expression or activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the heart of diabetic rodent *** clear-cut evidence-based causative roles of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of DCM can help to develop effective and safe medications for the clinical management of DCM,targeting these biomarkers.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Nucleotide oligomerization domain NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome Cardiac cell death Pyroptosis

Specialized springtail predation by Loricera beetles: An example of evolutionary stasis across the K-Pg extinction

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 25-26页

作者： Yan-Da Li Erik Tihelka michael SEngel Diying Huang Chenyang Cai State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK Bristol Palaeobiology Group School of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolBristol BS81TQUK Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNY 10024-5192USA Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Perú Departamento de Entomología Museo de Historia NaturalUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Perú

Dear Editor,The Cretaceous-Paleogene(K-Pg)mass extinction precipitated one of the most profound restructurings of biodiversity in recent geological *** the extinction of many iconic groups,particularly the non-avian dinosaurs,there is emerging evidence that previously overlooked taxa experienced stark morphological and evolutionary *** this study,we report both adult and larva of beetles of the genus Loricera preserved in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber(Figure 1),which display striking similarity to extant congeners,indicating a stasis of their specialized feeding behavior persisting at least 100 million years.

关键词： extinction Figure Cretaceous

Compression of Battery X-Ray Tomography Data with Machine Learning

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第9期41卷 153-158页

作者： Zipei Yan Qiyu Wang Xiqian Yu Jizhou Li michael K.-P.Ng Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Huairou Division Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

With the increasing demand for high-resolution x-ray tomography in battery characterization,the challenges of storing,transmitting,and analyzing substantial imaging data necessitate more efficient *** data compression methods struggle to balance reduction ratio and image quality,often failing to preserve critical details for accurate *** study proposes a machine learning-assisted compression method tailored for battery x-ray imaging *** physics-informed representation learning,our approach significantly reduces file sizes without sacrificing meaningful *** validate the method on typical battery materials and different x-ray imaging techniques,demonstrating its effectiveness in preserving structural and chemical *** results show an up-to-95 compression ratio while maintaining high fidelity in the projection and reconstructed *** proposed framework provides a promising solution for managing large-scale battery x-ray imaging datasets,facilitating significant advancements in battery research and development.

关键词： battery Battery details

CHINA'S REFORM JOURNEY

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Beijing Review 2024年第30期67卷 18-20页

作者： michael Zakkour Beijing Review U.S.-based consulting firms 5 New Digital China BrightStar

The outlook for China's future prosperity,progress and harmony is *** a period where the country had to navigate a global pandemic,significant geopolitical dynamics,and changes to a society dependent on modern technologies for commerce,community and nation-building,the future looks bright and we can and should look to recent history for proof of ***'s reform and opening-up era officially began in *** to that point,China was overwhelmingly rural,mainly isolated from the rest of the world and the global economy,and its economy had largely stalled.

关键词： harmony proof global

Bonding for a Better Tomorrow Youth festival serves as precious avenue for Chinese and African youth to understand each other, develop lasting relationships

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ChinAfrica 2024年第8期16卷 56-57页

作者： michael MUDAVADI House of 4 Kenya

The 8th China-Africa Youth Festival was a precious opportunity to not only learn about Chinese culture but also to explore the rich tapestry of cultures of different African *** had the chance to talk to young leaders from across the continent,fostering new bonds and connections that can potentially benefit everyone involved in the *** cultural exchange not only broadened our understanding but also paved the way for collaboration and enduring friendships that could be good for personal development.

关键词： everyone precious African

Emerging glacier forelands alter carbon dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第09期 2871-2875页

作者： GAO Tanguang ZHANG Yulan MEADOWS michael Edward College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography and Ocean Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental & Geographical Science University of Cape Town

The critical challenge of ongoing climate warming is resulting in glacier melting globally, a process accompanied by the formation of substantial glacier forelands. This phenomenon emerges as a pivotal area of study, especially in the Tibetan Plateau(TP), known as the Third Pole and the Asian Water Tower. In particular, the rapid retreat of temperate glaciers in the southeastern TP has led to the formation of expansive glacier forelands. These forelands are not merely evidence of climate shifts but are also key areas for transformative carbon dynamics. Moreover, the newly exposed land surface actively adjusts the balance of dissolved organic carbon, especially in meltwater, and influences the release of greenhouse gases from a range of sources including glacial lakes, subglacial sediments, and supraglacial/proglacial rivers. These processes play a crucial role in the dynamics of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Drawing from our intensive and detailed observations over several years, this perspective not only emphasizes the importance of the underexplored impact of glacier forelands on carbon cycles but also opens a window into understanding potential future trajectories in a warming world.

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REBOUND AND RESILIENCE

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Beijing Review 2024年第11期67卷 18-19页

作者： michael Zakkour U.S.-based consulting firms 5 New Digital and China BrightStar

The Chinese economy has made real strides toward renewed long-term *** internal and external headwinds,China is on a path of focused,strategic,long-term recovery and *** Chinese economy managed to grow 5.2 percent in ... 详细信息

关键词： spite economy winds

THE GREAT‘OVERCAPACITY’DEBATE

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Beijing Review 2024年第21期67卷 16-17页

作者： michael Zakkour U.S.-based consulting firms 5 New Digital and China BrightStar

Modern China and its wealthwere initially forged in the country's factories,making virtually every category of consumer and industrial product that the rest of the world wanted and for which global companies sought a ... 详细信息

关键词： companies solution. initially