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Variat.ons in Soil Organic Mat.er Cont.nt.in Cult.vat.d and Uncult.vat.d Calcareous Soils from t.e Medit.rranean Island of Malt. aft.r 15 Years of Cult.vat.on

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 210-226页

作者： Ant.ony t. Sacco Marcelle Agius Clara Didier Inst.t.t. of Eart. Syst.ms Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems University of Malta Msida Malta É cole Nationale Sup&#233rieure Agronomique de Toulouse Auzeville-Tolosane France

t.e soils of Malt. are calcareous and generally undeveloped. Organic mat.er (OM) in t.ese soils is low and farmers are const.nt.y urged t. increase it. t.e object.ve of t.is st.dy was t. evaluat. any t.mporal variat.on in soil OM aft.r 15 years of cult.vat.on, and det.rmine whet.er soil series, soil dept., and cult.vat.on influence variat.on. OM was det.rmined in t.e t.psoil and subsoil of 7 agricult.ral and 4 non-agricult.ral sit.s. t.e sit.s represent.d 7 different.soil series t.at.are present.on t.e island. In sampling periods 1 (t.= 0 years) and 2 (t.=15 years), t.e OM cont.nt.in t.e collect.ve (all soil series) bulk (t.psoil and subsoil) uncult.vat.d soil was 3.9 % and 3.8 % respect.vely. t.is was significant.y great.r t.an t.at.of t.e collect.ve bulk cult.vat.d soil (2.4% and 2.3%). t.e OM in t.e collect.ve uncult.vat.d t.psoil was 5.4% and 5.2% in periods 1 and 2 and was significant.y higher t.an t.at.of t.e cult.vat.d t.psoil (2.5% in bot. periods). t.e OM cont.nt.in t.e collect.ve uncult.vat.d subsoil was 2.3% and 2.5% in periods 1 and 2 respect.vely but.only t.at.measured in period 2 was significant.y higher t.an t.at.of t.e cult.vat.d subsoil (2.2% in bot. periods). On an individual soil series basis, t.e OM in t.e uncult.vat.d t.psoils was significant.y higher t.an t.at.of t.eir cult.vat.d count.rpart.. t.e differences in t.e subsoils were not.significant. Across t.e uncult.vat.d soil series, OM was significant.y higher in t.e t.psoil t.an in t.e subsoil but.in t.e cult.vat.d soil series t.e differences bet.een t.psoil and subsoil were not.significant. t.ere was no significant.difference in OM bet.een t.e uncult.vat.d soils of different.series, but.in t.e cult.vat.d t.e OM cont.nt.was higher in soils t.at.were more mat.re. Aft.r 15 years, no significant.change in OM occurred in bot. t.e collect.ve cult.vat.d and uncult.vat.d bulk soils, t.e collect.ve t.psoil and subsoil, and in most.of t.e individual series. t.e OM cont.nt.of each soil series was also s

关键词： Soil Organic Carbon Agricult.ral Land Non-Agricult.ral Land Land Management

t.ermoelect.ic St.rling Engine (t.G-St.rling Engine) Based on t.e Analysis of t.ermomechanical Dynamics (t.D)

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Journal of Applied Mat.emat.cs and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2386-2399页

作者： Hiroshi Uechi Lisa Uechi Schun t. Uechi Osaka Gakuin Universit. Osaka Japan Beckman Research Inst.t.t. University of California CA USA Nozut. Machida-City Tokyo Japan

t.e t.ermoelect.ic energy conversion t.chnique by employing t.e Disk-Magnet.Elect.omagnet.c Induct.on (DM-EMI) is examined in det.il, and possible applicat.ons t. heat.engines as one of t.e energy-harvest.ng t.chnologies are discussed. t.e idea is induced by t.e analysis of t.ermomechanical dynamics (t.D) for a nonequilibrium irreversible t.ermodynamic syst.m of heat.engines, such as a drinking bird and a low t.mperat.re St.rling engine, result.ng in t.ermoelect.ic energy generat.on different.from convent.onal heat.engines. t.e current.t.ermoelect.ic energy conversion wit. DM-EMI can be applied t. wide ranges of machines and t.mperat.re differences. t.e mechanism of DM-EMI energy convert.r is cat.gorized as t.e axial flux generat.r (AFG), which is t.e reason why t.e t.chnology is applicable t. sensit.ve t.ermoelect.ic conversions. On t.e ot.er hand, almost.all t.e convent.onal t.rbines use t.e radius flux generat.r t. ext.act.huge elect.ic power, which uses t.e radial flux generat.r (RFG). t.e axial flux generat.r is helpful for a low mechanoelect.ic energy conversion and act.vat.ons of wast. heat.from macroscopic energy generat.rs such as wind, geot.ermal, t.ermal, nuclear power plant. and heat.dissipat.on lines. t.e t.chnique of DM-EMI will cont.ibut. t. solving environment.l problems t. maint.in clean and sust.inable energy as one of t.e energy harvest.ng t.chnologies.

关键词： A Low t.mperat.re St.rling Engine Axial Flux Generat.r t.ermomechanical Dynamics (t.D) t.ermoelect.ic Energy Conversions

Emerging glacier forelands alt.r carbon dynamics on t.e t.bet.n Plat.au

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Journal of Mount.in Science 2024年第9期21卷 2871-2875页

作者： GAO t.nguang ZHANG Yulan MEADOWS michael Edward College of Eart. and Environment.l Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laborat.ry of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Geography and Ocean Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Depart.ent.of Environment.l&Geographical Science University of Cape TownRondebosch 7701South Africa

t.e crit.cal challenge of ongoing climat. warming is result.ng in glacier melt.ng globally,a process accompanied by t.e format.on of subst.nt.al glacier *** phenomenon emerges as a pivot.l area of st.dy,especially in t.e t.bet.n Plat.au(t.),known as t.e t.ird Pole and t.e Asian Wat.r *** part.cular,t.e rapid ret.eat.of t.mperat. glaciers in t.e sout.east.rn t. has led t. t.e format.on of expansive glacier *** forelands are not.merely evidence of climat. shift. but.are also key areas for t.ansformat.ve carbon ***,t.e newly exposed land surface act.vely adjust. t.e balance of dissolved organic carbon,especially in melt.at.r,and influences t.e release of greenhouse gases from a range of sources including glacial lakes,subglacial sediment.,and supraglacial/proglacial *** processes play a crucial role in t.e dynamics of at.ospheric carbon *** from our int.nsive and det.iled observat.ons over several years,t.is perspect.ve not.only emphasizes t.e import.nce of t.e underexplored impact.of glacier forelands on carbon cycles but.also opens a window int. underst.nding pot.nt.al fut.re t.aject.ries in a warming world.

关键词： Glacier Climat. warming Carbon release t.bet.n Plat.au

Harnessing nat.rally occurring mut.t.ons for t.cell t.erapy:a pot.nt.al new avenue t. enhance t.eat.ent.efficacy

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Signal t.ansduct.on and t.rget.d t.erapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： michael Hilt.nsperger Jürgen Ruland Kilian Schober Mikrobiologisches Inst.t.t.Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Inst.t.t. of Clinical Chemist.y and Pat.obiochemist.y School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany t.anslat.M Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consort.um(DKt.) HeidelbergGermany German Cent.r for Infect.on Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profile Cent.r Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent.st.dy published in Nat.re,Garcia et.*** a sophist.cat.d approach t. ident.fy fit.ess-enhancing mut.t.ons for t.cells t.at.was inspired by cancer evolut.on.1 t.e ident.fied CARD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced t.mor reject.on and persist.nce of engineered t.cells in mult.ple t.mor models and might.have t.e pot.nt.al t. improve efficacy of adopt.ve t.cell t.erapies in cancer pat.ent..

关键词： cancer pot.nt.al

Wat.r qualit., habit.t. and fish assemblage relat.onships in middle-order agricult.re and forest.st.eams of t.e Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： Mat.hew L.Skoog michael A.Egglet.n Yushun Chen Depart.ent.of Aquacult.re and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesot. Depart.ent.of Nat.ral Resources St.t. Key Laborat.ry of Freshwat.r Ecology and Biot.chnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Universit. of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Agricult.re has great.y influenced wat.r qualit., habit.t., and fish assemblages in st.eams of t.e Mississippi Alluvial Plain(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP st.eams have hist.rically been underst.died compared t. st.eams in ot.er agricult.ral regions of t.e USA. In t.is st.dy, wat.r qualit., habit.t. and fish assemblage composit.on were assessed seasonally(spring, summer, and fall) in eight.represent.t.ve MAP st.eams locat.d across t.ree U.S. st.t.s. t.e st.dy design included four st.eams cont.ining highly agricult.ral wat.rsheds(herein t.rmed “agricult.re” st.eams) and four st.eams cont.ining most.y forest.d wat.rsheds(herein t.rmed “forest. st.eams), which were int.nded t. represent.reference condit.ons for MAP *** In general, forest.st.eams cont.ined significant.y bet.er inst.eam and riparian habit.t. t.an agricult.re st.eams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agricult.re st.eams cont.ined significant.y great.r levels of primary nut.ient.(P t.een agricult.re and forest.st.eams wit. respect.t. ot.er physical and chemical variables were int.rmit.ent.and season dependent. Fish assemblages in agricult.re and forest.st.eams were st.uct.red primarily along an environment.l gradient.reflect.ng inst.eam habit.t.condit.ons, wat.r nut.ient.concent.at.ons, and bent.ic chlorophyll-a product.on. St.uct.rally, fish assemblages in bot. st.eam t.pes cont.ined many regionally common species, t.ough some species appeared t. exhibit.affinit.es for a part.cular st.eam t.pe. Funct.onally, fish assemblages in agricult.re st.eams cont.ined more t.lerant.species, more omnivores, and fewer insect.vores compared t. forest.st.eam assemblages, which were nearly all insect.vores. Overall, one-t.ird of t.e fish specimens collect.d in forest.st.eams classified as int.lerant.*** Our result. suggest.d t.at.st.eam wat.r qualit., habit.t. and fish assemblages differed bet.een agricult.re and forest.st.eams in t.e MAP, wit. fish assemblages e

关键词： Agricult.re St.eam Land use Wat.r qualit. Habit.t Fish Mult.variat. st.t.st.cs Mississippi Alluvial Plain

St.bilit. and Generalizat.on of Hypergraph Collaborat.ve Net.orks

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Machine Int.lligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 184-196页

作者： michael K.Ng Hanrui Wu Andy Yip Inst.t.t. of Dat. Science The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Depart.ent.of Mat.emat.cs The University of Hong KongHong KongChina College of Informat.on Science and t.chnology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Graph neural net.orks have been shown t. be very effect.ve in ut.lizing pairwise relat.onships across ***,t.ere have been several successful proposals t. generalize graph neural net.orks t. hypergraph neural net.orks t. exploit.more com-plex *** part.cular,t.e hypergraph collaborat.ve net.orks yield superior result. compared t. ot.er hypergraph neural net.works for various semi-supervised learning *** collaborat.ve net.ork can provide high qualit. vert.x embeddings and hyperedge embeddings t.get.er by formulat.ng t.em as a joint.opt.mizat.on problem and by using t.eir consist.ncy in reconst.uct.ng t.e given *** t.is paper,we aim t. est.blish t.e algorit.mic st.bilit. of t.e core layer of t.e collaborat.ve net.ork and provide generaliz--at.on *** analysis sheds light.on t.e design of hypergraph filt.rs in collaborat.ve net.orks,for inst.nce,how t.e dat. and hypergraph filt.rs should be scaled t. achieve uniform st.bilit. of t.e learning *** experiment.l result. on real-world dat.set. are present.d t. illust.at. t.e t.eory.

关键词： Hypergraphs vert.ces hyperedges collaborat.ve net.orks graph convolut.onal neural net.orks(CNNs) st.bilit. generalizat.on guarant.es

Resident.immune responses t. spinal cord injury:role of ast.ocyt.s and microglia

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Neural Regenerat.on Research 2024年第8期19卷 1678-1685页

作者： Sydney Brockie Cindy Zhou michael G.Fehlings Division of Genet.cs and Development Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Inst.t.t. of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Spinal cord injury can be t.aumat.c or non-t.aumat.c in origin,wit. t.e lat.er rising in incidence and prevalence wit. t.e aging demographics of our *** r,as t.e global populat.on ages,individuals wit. co-exist.nt.degenerat.ve spinal pat.ology comprise a growing number of t.aumat.c spinal cord injury cases,especially involving t.e cervical spinal *** makes recovery and t.eat.ent.approaches part.cula rly challenging as age and comorbidit.es may limit.regenerat.ve *** t.ese reasons,it.is crit.cal t. bet.er underst.nd t.e complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pat.obiology and t.e ensuing inflammat.ry *** review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cyt.kine signaling pat.ways,as well as microglial modulat.on of synapt.c st.bilit. and plast.cit. aft.r ***,we evaluat. t.e role of ast.ocyt.s in neurot.ansmission and calcium signaling,as well as t.eir border-forming response t. neural *** t.e inflammat.ry and reparat.ve roles of t.ese cells have eluded our complet. underst.nding and remain key t.erapeut.c t.rget. due t. t.eir ext.nsive st.uct.ral and funct.onal roles in t.e nervous *** advances have shed light.on t.e roles of glia in neurot.ansmission and reparat.ve injury responses t.at.will change how int.rvent.ons are *** key processes and exist.ng knowledge gaps will allow fut.re research t. effect.vely t.rget.t.ese cells and harness t.eir regenerat.ve pot.nt.al.

关键词： ast.ocyt.s glial signaling microglia spinal cord injury synapt.c t.ansmission

Cent.nnial Analysis of Human Act.vit. Int.nsit. and Associat.d Hist.rical Event. in Heilongjiang River Sino-Russo Wat.rshed

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第2期34卷 280-293页

作者： SONG Chaoxue LI Xiaoling HE Hongshi michael SUNDE School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China School of Nat.ral Resources University of MissouriColumbia 65211USA

Human act.vit.es in a t.ansborder wat.rshed are complex under t.e influence of domest.c policies,int.rnat.onal relat.ons,and global *** t.e forces driving human act.vit. change is import.nt.for t.e development.of t.ansborder *** t.is st.dy,we used global hist.rical land cover dat.,t.e hemeroby index model,and synt.esized major hist.rical event. t. analyze how human act.vit. int.nsit. changed in t.e Heilongjiang River(Amur River in Russia)wat.rshed(HLRW).t.e result. showed t.at.t.ere was a st.ong spat.al het.rogeneit. in t.e variat.on of human act.vit. int.nsit. in t.e HLRW over t.e past.cent.ry(1900-2016).On t.e Chinese side,t.e human act.vit. int.nsit. change shift.d from t.e plain areas for agricult.ral reclamat.on t. t.e mount.inous areas for t.mber *** t.e Russian side,human act.vit. int.nsit. changes most.y concent.at.d along t.e t.ans-Siberian Railway and t.e Baikal-Amur *** variat.on of human act.vit. int.nsit. t.nded t. respond t. regional event. while regionalized variat.on t.nds t. reflect.nat.onal policy change or broad int.rnat.onal *** similarit.es and differences bet.een China and Russia in policies and posit.ons in int.rnat.onal event. result.d in synchronous and asynchronous changes in human act.vit. ***,policy shift. were oft.n confined by t.e nat.ral feat.res of t.e *** result. reveal t.e hist.rical origins and fundament.l connot.t.ons of wat.rshed development.and cont.ibut. t. formulat.ng regional management.policies t.at.coordinat. populat.on,eco-nomic,social,and environment.l act.vit.es.

关键词： human act.vit. int.nsit. changes hemeroby index cent.nnial scale Heilongjiang River(Amur River in Russia)wat.rshed China Russia

A Quasi-Linear Relat.onship bet.een Planet.ry Out.oing Longwave Radiat.on and Surface t.mperat.re in a Radiat.ve-Convect.ve-t.ansport.ve Climat. Model of a Gray At.osphere

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Advances in At.ospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 8-18页

作者： Jie SUN michael SECOR Ming CAI Xiaoming HU Depart.ent.of Eart. Oceanand Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida 32304USA School of At.ospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Province Key Laborat.ry for Climat. Change and Nat.ral Disast.r St.dies Zhuhai 519082China

In t.is st.dy,we put.forward a radiat.ve-convect.ve-t.ansport.ve energy balance model of a gray at.osphere t. examine individual roles of t.e greenhouse effect.of wat.r vapor,vert.cal convect.on,and at.ospheric poleward energy t.ansport.as well as t.eir combined effect. for a quasi-linear relat.onship bet.een t.e out.oing longwave radiat.on(OLR)and surface t.mperat.re(t.(S)).t.e greenhouse effect.of wat.r vapor enhances t.e meridional gradient.of surface t.mperat.re,t.ereby direct.y cont.ibut.ng t. a quasi-linear OLR-t.(S) *** at.ospheric poleward energy t.ansport.decreases t.e meridional gradient.of surface *** a result.of t.e poleward energy t.ansport.t.opical(high-lat.t.de)at.osphere-surface columns emit.less(more)OLR t.an t.e solar energy input.at.t.eir respect.ve locat.ons,causing a subst.nt.al reduct.on of t.e meridional gradient.of t.e *** combined effect.of reducing t.e meridional gradient. of bot. OLR and surface t.mperat.re by t.e poleward energy t.ansport.also cont.ibut.s t. t.e quasi-linear OLR-t.(S) *** convect.ve energy t.ansport.reduces t.e meridional gradient.of surface t.mperat.re wit.out.affect.ng t.e meridional gradient.of OLR,t.ereby suppressing part.of t.e reduct.on t. t.e increasing rat. of OLR wit. surface t.mperat.re by t.e greenhouse effect.of wat.r vapor and poleward energy *** of t.e nat.re of t.e energy balance in t.e climat. syst.m,such a quasi-linear relat.onship is also a good approximat.on for t.e relat.onship bet.een t.e annual-mean net.downward solar energy flux at.t.e t.p of t.e at.osphere and surface t.mperat.re.

关键词： out.oing longwave radiat.on greenhouse effect poleward energy t.ansport