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Innovative Fuel Energy Saving Practices among the small Farming Households, Ethiopia

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2015年第7期5卷 491-501页

作者： Yohannes Gebre michael Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Addis Ababa University P.O. Box 33569 Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Many studies have indicated that traditional cooking stoves are inefficient and their use leads to the acceleration of deforestation, the decline of land productivity, subsequently triggering climate changes and human health problems. On the other hand, the introduced ＂improved cooking stoves＂ also have their own disadvantages. Therefore, the case study was conducted aiming to study the rationale of using traditional stoves and document the innovative biomass energy saving practices of the community. The research studied two pilot areas in rural community with different agro-ecology and farming systems. Moreover, individual and focus group discussions were conducted among women households using transect and random sampling. The f＇mdings indicate that use of traditional stoves is dominant practice due to flexibility, simplicity and multi-functionality. Moreover, the biomass fuel use is integral part of the fanning system, socio-cultural framework and habits and customs of local community. The study has documented local innovation practices of biomass energy saving by improving stoves and chimney, combining different crops in food cooking, improving local beer processing, shifting crop-land to woodland. Moreover, the study reveals that the enclosure of communal forests due to the modem extension services is attributed with long distance travel to collect fuel wood, leading to conflicts and declines livelihood diversity of the poor population. Hence, consideration of local initiatives in development of appropriate and sustainable technology is essential.

关键词： Traditional stove improved stove local innovation appropriate technology sustainability.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in central Sydney :a 10yearreview of patients seen in a medical oncology department

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第6期5卷 483-487页

作者： Desmond Yip 1, michael Findlay 2, michael Boyer 1 and Martin H. Tattersall 3 Royal Prince Alfred Hospital 澳大利亚 Wellington Cancer Centre 新西兰 University of Sydney 澳大利亚

AIM To report a single Australian oncology unit′s experience with the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in the context of a literature review of the current management issues. METHODS Retrospective case record review of 76 patients with diagnosis of HCC referred to the unit between 1984 and 1995. RESULTS Sixty three patients had adequate records for analysis. Thirty six (56%) were migrants with half from Southeast Asia. Twenty four patients had a documented viral aetiology. Nine (14%) of 51 patients with pathological confirmation of HCC had normal alpha fetoprotein levels. Median survival of the 20 patients managed palliatively was 5 weeks compared to 16 weeks for the cohort overall. Surgery in 16 patients rendered all initially disease free with a median survival of 88 weeks. Chemoembolisation induced tumor responses in 5 of the 11 patients so treated. Systemic chemotherapy and tamoxifen treatment caused tumor response in two of 12 and one of 25 respectively. CONCLUSION Prolonged survival of patients with HCC depends on early detection of small tumors suitable for surgical resection. Other active treatments are palliative in intent and have limited success. In addition to tumor response and survival duration, the toxicities of therapies and the overall quality of life of patients need to be considered as important outcomes. Viral hepatitis prevention and screening of individuals at risk are strategies that are important for HCC management in communities where the disease is endemic.

关键词： carcinoma, hepatocellular liver neoplasms survival/rate Australia

Generalization of the effects of high Q for metamaterials

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Photonics Research 2013年第2期1卷 77-87页

作者： Raphael Tsu michael A.Fiddy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth Carolina 28223USA Center for Optoelectronics and Optical Communications University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth Carolina 28223USA

We revisit the electrodynamics of resonant high-Q interactions in atomic systems with a view to gaining insights into the design of meta-atoms and hence bulk metamaterials with profoundly different electromagnetic *** relevance of phase coherence and nonlinearity in charged systems is emphasized,as is the need to take care over defining how one specifies effective boundaries and cavities that ultimately determine light–matter inter*** new material properties become apparent once one designs organized clusters of small numbers of atoms or meta-atoms for which the usually applied random phase approximation(RPA)does not *** RPA relies on averages in sufficiently large volumes consisting of large numbers of interacting systems,while our model assumes a small volume with averages in time,i.e.,*** meaning is given to the concept of effective and practically useful constitutive parameters,based on this very fundamental point of view,which is important to metamaterials.

关键词： high constitutive hence

Emerging potential of exosomes for treatment of traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第1期12卷 19-22页

作者： Ye Xiong Asim Mahmood michael Chopp Department of Neurosurgery Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of Neurology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of Physics Oakland UniversityRochesterMIUSA

Traumatic brain injury（TBI） is one of the major causes of death and disability *** effective treatment has been identified from clinical *** evidence exists that treatment with mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） exerts a substantial therapeutic effect after experimental brain *** addition to their soluble factors,therapeutic effects of MSCs may be attributed to their generation and release of *** are endosomal origin small-membrane nano-sized vesicles generated by almost all cell *** play a pivotal role in intercellular *** delivery of MSC-derived exosomes improves functional recovery and promotes neuroplasticity in rats after *** effects of exosomes derive from the exosome content,especially micro RNAs（mi RNAs）.mi RNAs are small non-coding regulatory RNAs and play an important role in posttranscriptional regulation of *** with their parent cells,exosomes are more stable and can cross the blood-brain *** have reduced the safety risks inherent in administering viable cells such as the risk of occlusion in microvasculature or unregulated growth of transplanted *** a cell-free exosome-based therapy may open up a novel approach to enhancing multifaceted aspects of neuroplasticity and to amplifying neurological recovery,potentially for a variety of neural injuries and neurodegenerative *** review discusses the most recent knowledge of exosome therapies for TBI,their associated challenges and opportunities.

关键词： traumatic brain injury exosomes microRNAs mesenchymal stem cells treatment neuroplasticity cell therapy

Driver Intent Prediction and Collision Avoidance With Barrier Functions

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第2期10卷 365-375页

作者： Yousaf Rahman Abhishek Sharma Mrdjan Jankovic Mario Santillo michael Hafner the Ford Motor Company DearbornMichigan 48121 USA IEEE

For autonomous vehicles and driver assist systems,path planning and collision avoidance algorithms benefit from accurate predictions of future location of other vehicles and intent of their *** the literature,the algorithms that provide driver intent belong to two categories:those that use physics based models with some type of filtering,and machine learning based *** this paper we employ barrier functions(BF)to decide driver *** are typically used to prove safety by establishing forward invariance of an admissible ***,we decide if the“target”vehicle is violating one or more possibly fictitious(i.e.,non-physical)barrier constraints determined based on the context provided by the road *** algorithm has a very small computational footprint and better false positive and negative rates than some of the *** predicted intent is then used by a control barrier function(CBF)based collision avoidance system to prevent unnecessary interventions,for either an autonomous or human-driven vehicle.

关键词： Driver Intent Prediction and Collision Avoidance With Barrier Functions Intent

RhoA as a target to promote neuronal survival and axon regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 525-528页

作者： Jianli Hu michael E. Seizer Shriners Hospitals for Children Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation) Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia PA USA Department of Neurology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia PA USA

Paralysis following spinal cord injury （SCI） is due to failure of axonal regeneration. It is believed that the capacities of neurons to regrow their axons are due partly to their intrinsic characteristics, which in turn are greatly influenced by several types of inhibitory molecules that are present, or even increased in the extracellular environment of the injured spinal cord. Many of these inhibitory molecules have been studied extensively in recent years. It has been suggested that the small GTPase RhoA is an intracellular convergence point for signaling by these extracellular inhibitory molecules, but due to the complexity of the central nervous system （CNS） in mammals, and the limitation of pharmacological tools, the specific roles of RhoA are unclear. By exploiting the anatomical and technical advantages of the lamprey CNS, we recently demonstrated that RhoA knockdown promotes true axon regeneration through the lesion site after SCI. In addition, we found that RhoA knockdown protects the large, identified reticulospinal neurons from apoptosis after their axons were axotomized in spinal cord. Therefore, manipulation of the RhoA signaling pathway may be an important approach in the development of treatments that are both neuroprotective and axon regeneration-promoting, to enhance functional recovery after SCI.

关键词： RhoA spinal cord injury neuronal survival apoptosis axon regeneration morpholino C3 transferase

Survival and clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic epidural spinal cord compression after spinal surgery:a prospective,multicenter,observational cohort study

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2016年第4期35卷 157-159页

作者： Anick Nater michael G.Fehlings Department of Surgery Division of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Toronto Division of Neurosurgery Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health Network

Background:High quality studies have been challenging to undertake in patients with metastatic epidural spinal cord ***,in the article "Survival and Clinical Outcomes in Surgically Treated Patients With Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression:Results of the Prospective Multicenter AOSpine Study" recently published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology,our team provided convincing evidence that spinal surgery improves overall quality of life in patients with this potentially devastating complication of *** that metastatic spinal lesions treated with surgery have the highest mean cost among all oncological musculo-skeletal issues,it is essential to provide high quality data to optimize the therapeutic approaches and cost-effective use of health care *** body:Although the AOSpine Study provided high quality prospective data,it was primarily limited by the lack of non-operative controls and the relatively small sample *** the dearth of medical equipoise and the fundamental difference between patients deemed to be adequate surgical candidates and those who are not amenable to operative intervention,conducting a randomized controlled trial in this patient population was not felt to be ethically or medically ***,the optimal option to overcome limitations of both the lack of controls and the relatively small sample size is through collection of large prospective datasets through rigorously developed and maintained ***:With the alarming increase in the incidence of cancer in China and China's parallel growing cancer control efforts,China would offer a fantastic platform to set up a national metastatic spinal lesion *** registry would not only enhance metastatic epidural spinal cord compression translational research but also optimize patient care.

关键词： Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression Prospective study Cohort study Surgery Clinical outcomes

Semi-linear Wave Equations with Effective Damping

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2013年第3期34卷 345-380页

作者： Marcello D'ABBICCO Sandra LUCENTE michael REISSIG Department of Mathematics University of BariVia E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy Faculty for Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University Bergakademie FreibergPrferstr. 909596 Freiberg Germany

The authors study the Cauchy problem for the semi-linear damped wave equation utt-△u＋b（t）ut=f（u）,u（0,χ）=u0（χ）,ut（0,χ）=u1（χ） in any space dimension n ≥ 1. It is assumed that the time-dependent damping term b（t）〉 0 is effective, and in particular tb（t） →∞ as t →∞. The global existence of small energy data solutions for｜f（u）｜≈｜u｜^p in the supercritical case of p 〉 1＋ 2/n and p ≤n/n-2 for n ≥ 3 is proved.

关键词： Semi-linear equations Damped wave equations Critical exponent Global existence

Gene Expression Profiling of Human Myeloid Leukemic MV4-11 Cells Treated with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第3期3卷 177-182页

作者： Kyu-Tae Kim David Mossman Donald small Rodney J. Scott Division of Genetics Hunter Area Pathology Service John Hunter Hospital New Lambton Australia School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health University of Newcastle Callaghan Australia School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA

The pyrimidine analog, 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor that triggers DNA demethylation leading to the reactivation of epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes. To understand the shift in gene expression which mediates the beneficial 5-aza-dC effects in leukemia, we have treated human myeloid derived leukemic cells with 5-aza-dC. Target genes were identified first in MV4-11 cells using a genome-wide gene expression profiling assay to detect differences in treated and untreated cells. From this analysis six genes were identified (HOXA4, HOXD4, HOXA8, HOXD12, CD9 and RGS2) as being significantly different expressed after treatment. To validate microarray data, we performed quantitative PCR on these genes from multiple leukemic cells. The results suggest that these genes are epigenetically regulated indicating that dysregulation of HOXA4, HOXD4, HOXA8, HOXD12, CD9 and RGS2 expression may play an important role in establishing the malignant phenotype in AML.

关键词： 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine Gene Expression Profile HOX CD9 RGS2