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Feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds(Buphagus spp.)in Namibia

Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 336-344页

作者： michael s.lukubwe Daniel Velarde-Garcéz Fernando sequeira susana Lopes Adrian J.F.K.Craig Vanessa A.Mata Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa Department of Wildlife Management and Tourism studies University of NamibiaKatima Mulilo CampusNamibia Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal BIOPOLIs Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal

As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa,oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic *** to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit,the type of symbiotic relationship can be *** addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks,oxpeckers frequently feed on blood,mucus,and saliva,inflicting potential damage on the ***,we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed Oxpecker(Buphagus africanus)and Red-billed Oxpecker(***)in northeastern *** contrast to conventional methods,DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same *** this information,we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities,as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod *** findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals,ticks,and flies;however,ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an *** observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology,which is strongly correlated with locality and,to a lesser extent,with the mammal *** noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods,with 32%of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal *** study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds,shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.

关键词： Commensalism Diet DNA metabarcoding Oxpeckers Parasitism Trophic ecology

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Feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds(Buphagus spp.) in Namibia

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Avian Research 2024年第3期 336-344页

作者： michael s.lukubwe Daniel Velarde-Garcéz Fernando sequeira susana Lopes Adrian J.F.K.Craig Vanessa A.Mata Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Department of Wildlife Management and Tourism studies University of Namibia Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do Porto CIBIO Centro de Investiga??o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos In BIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vair?o BIOPOLIs Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIOCampus de Vair?o

As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa, oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic relationships. Due to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit, the type of symbiotic relationship can be variable. In addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks, oxpeckers frequently feed on blood, mucus, and saliva, inflicting potential damage on the host. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed Oxpecker(Buphagus africanus) and Red-billed Oxpecker(B. erythrorhynchus) in northeastern Namibia. In contrast to conventional methods, DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same samples. With this information, we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities, as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod species. Our findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals, ticks, and flies; however, ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an individual. We observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology, which is strongly correlated with locality and, to a lesser extent, with the mammal host. We noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods, with 32% of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal hosts. This study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds, shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.

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sleep-based neuronal oscillations as a physiological biomarker for Alzheimer's disease:is night time the right time?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1417-1418页

作者： Jonathan Witton Erica s.Brady michael T.Craig Department of Clinical and Biomedical sciences Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEnglandUK Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease San FranciscoCAUSA school of Psychology and Neuroscience College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK

Dementia is a devastating syndrome characterized by memory problems,confusion,and behavior changes that prevent people from performing everyday *** is the leading cause of dependency and disability amongst older people,resulting in a global economic cost of ~$1.3 *** 58 million people are currently afflicted by dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer s disease(AD) causing most(60-70%) of these cases.

关键词： Alzheimer everyday performing

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Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： sofia Tisocco sören Weinrich Gary Lyons michael Wills Xinmin Zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-sutcliffe efficiency(NsE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

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A review of control strategies used for morphing aircraft applications

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 436-463页

作者： Muhammed s.PARANCHEERIVILAKKATHIL Jafar s.PILAKKADAN Rafic M.AJAJ Mohammadreza AMOOZGAR Davood AsADI Yahya ZWEIRI michael I.FRIsWELL Department of Aerospace Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Aerospace Engineering Advanced Research and Innovation Center(ARIC)Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Mechanical Materials&Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Department of Aerospace Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology UniversityTurkey College of Engineering Swansea UniversitySwansea SA18ENUK

This paper reviews the various control algorithms and strategies used for fixed-wing morphing aircraft applications. It is evident from the literature that the development of control algorithms for morphing aircraft technologies focused on three main areas. The first area is related to precise control of the shape of morphing concepts for various flight conditions. The second area is mainly related to the flight dynamics, stability, and control aspects of morphing aircraft. The third area deals mainly with aeroelastic control using morphing concepts either for load alleviation purposes and/or to control the instability boundaries. The design of controllers for morphing aircraft/wings is very challenging due to the large changes that can occur in the structural, aerodynamic, and inertial characteristics. In addition, the type of actuation system and actuation rate/speed can have a significant effect on the design of such controllers. The aerospace community is in strong need of such a critical review especially as morphing aircraft technologies move from fundamental research at a low Technology Readiness Level(TRL) to real-life applications. This critical review aims to identify research gaps and propose future directions. In this paper, research activities/papers are categorized according to the control strategy used. This ranges from simple Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controllers at one end to complex robust adaptive controllers and deep learning algorithms at the other end. This includes analytical, computational, and experimental studies. In addition, the various dynamic models used and their fidelities are highlighted and discussed.

关键词： Control strategies Morphing aircraft shape morphing Flight dynamics Aeroelasticity

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The energetics of cellular life transitions

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 12-20页

作者： Anna s.Monzel michael Levin Martin Picard Department of Psychiatry Division of Behavioral MedicineCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University MedfordMA 02155United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Neurology H.Houston Merritt CenterColumbia Translational Neuroscience InitiativeCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States New York state Psychiatric Institute New YorkNY 10032United States Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNY 10032United States

Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs *** findings have demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OxPhos)defects increase the energetic cost of living and that excessive integrated stress response(IsR)signaling may prevent cellular identity transitions during *** this perspective,we discuss general bioenergetic principles of life transitions and the costly molecular processes involved in reprograming the cellular hardware/software as cells shift *** energetic cost of cellular differentiation has not been directly quantified,representing a gap in *** propose that the IsR is an energetic checkpoint evolved to(i)prevent OxPhos-deficient cells from engaging in excessively costly transitions and(ii)allow IsR-positive cells to recruit systemic energetic resources by signaling via GDF15 and the brain.

关键词： energy mitochondria signaling pathway growth differentiation factor 15 energy balance development

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Emerging structures and dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase for Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 174-180页

作者： Yinglong Miao michael s.Wolfe Computational Medicine Program and Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina–Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA

γ-secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface *** inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease.γ-secretase has thus served as a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s disease as ***,critical gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,and allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-*** this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-*** mechanisms,including the“Fit-stay-Trim,”“sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics *** an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as a template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental *** approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-*** addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,particularly the issue of whether they stabilize or destabilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is ***,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein cryo-EM structures drug design intramembrane proteolysis molecular dynamics Notch

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Fabrication of sub-20 nm Mos_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxide nanopatterns: Detailed structural investigation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tandra Ghoshal michael A.Morris school of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we demonstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm Mos_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled block copolymer assisted in situ inclusion *** separated long-range ordered polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide(Ps-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved through thermo-solvent *** patterns produced had long-range order and domain sizes>1μ*** BCP structures were lightly etched and modified by anhydrous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybdenum precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP *** ordered molybdenum oxide nanowire arrays were then fabricated by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room *** oxides were converted to sulphides by thermal evaporation at different temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the composition and phases of the molybdenum oxide and sulphide *** mapping was performed to investigate the interfaces between the oxide and sulphide nanowires with the substrate *** formation and stability of the sulphide nanowires were studied at different *** photoluminescence and Raman properties were studied at different formation temperatures to investigate defects and estimate the number of layers.

关键词： Mos_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs) mapping photoluminescence

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A GHz chirped amplitude-modulated laser for high-contrast plasma gratings

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High Power Laser science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 74-83页

作者： michael Valdman Amir Hen Gilad Marcus Applied Physics Institute Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

The generation and control of large amplitude plasma gratings and other plasma structures is of paramount importance for the realization of plasma photonics. Autoresonant excitation of such structures by means of chirped amplitude-modulated lasers has been recently discussed and analyzed theoretically. Here we discuss the parameter space for the realization of such a scheme and describe the laser system that was built towards this goal. We also expand our earlier theoretical study to account for the more realistic case of a moderately focused laser beam, instead of the simplified plane wave approximation.

关键词： amplitude modulation high-frequency modulation autoresonance ion acoustic wave

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Rbfox1 controls alternative splicing of focal adhesion genes in cardiac muscle cells

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第1期16卷 54-65页

作者： Peter Zorn Jaime Calvo sánchez Tala Alakhras Barbara schreier michael Gekle stefan Hüttelmaier Marcel Köhn Junior Group‘Non-coding RNAs and RBPs in Human Diseases’ Medical FacultyUniversity of Halle–Wittenberg06120 Halle(Saale)Germany Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology Medical FacultyUniversity of Halle–Wittenberg06112 Halle(Saale)Germany Institute of Molecular Medicine Medical FacultyUniversity of Halle–Wittenberg06120 Halle(Saale)Germany

Alternative splicing is one of the major cellular processes that determine the tissue-specific expression of protein ***,it remains challenging to identify physiologically relevant and tissue-selective proteins that are generated by alternative ***,we investigated the target spectrum of the splicing factor Rbfox1 in the cardiac muscle context in more *** using a combination of in silico target prediction and in-cell validation,we identified several focal adhesion proteins as alternative splicing targets of *** focused on the alternative splicing patterns of vinculin(metavinculin isoform)and paxillin(extended paxillin isoform)and identified both as potential Rbfox1 *** analyses suggested that both isoforms are promoted by Rbfox1 due to binding in the *** adhesions play an important role in the cardiac muscle context,since they mainly influence cell shape,cytoskeletal organization,and cell–matrix *** data confirmed that depletion of Rbfox1 changed cardiomyoblast morphology,cytoskeletal organization,and multinuclearity after differentiation,which might be due to changes in alternative splicing of focal adhesion ***,our results indicate that Rbfox1 promotes alternative splicing of focal adhesion genes in cardiac muscle cells,which might contribute to heart disease progression,where downregulation of Rbfox1 is frequently observed.

关键词： Rbfox1 alternative splicing focal adhesion cardiac muscle cells

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