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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第1期46卷 106-106页

作者： michael r.sawaya Depar.ments of Chemistr. and Biochemistr. and Biological Chemistr. UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Howar. Hughes Medical Institute UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA UCLA-DOE Institute UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Molecular.Biology Institute UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Labor.tor. of Physical Chemistr. ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland

The hidden wor.d of amyloid biology has suddenly snapped into atomic-level focus,r.vealing over.80 amyloid pr.tein fibr.ls,both pathogenic and *** globular.pr.teins,amyloid pr.teins flatten and stack into unbr.nched *** still,a single pr.tein sequence can adopt wildly differ.nt two-dimensional confor.ations,yielding distinct fibr.l polymor.hs.

关键词： amyloid pathogenesis expanding

Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T. Mor.n michael r. Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastr.c pH, phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca 2+ near.the enzyme's active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. Thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coor.inating fr.e Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other.cations r.-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor. (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca 2+ is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na + to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.(USWL). Excessive r.moval of Ca 2+ fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

Opposite latitudinal gr.dients for.species r.chness and phylogenetic diver.ity of endemic snakes in the Atlantic For.st

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Cur.ent Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 522-530页

作者： JoséThales da Motta Por.illo JosuéAnder.on r.go Azevedo Fausto Er.itto Bar.o r.car.o J.sawaya Pr.gr.ma de Pos-Gr.duacao em Biologia Animal Instituto de BiocienciasLetras e Ciencias ExatasUniversidade Estadual Paulista"Julio de Mesquita Filho"Rua Cristovao Colombo2265Sao Josédo Rio PretoSao Paulo 15054-000Brazil Pr.gr.ma de Colecoes Cientificas Biologicas Coordenagao de BiodiversidadeInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazoniaAvenida AndréAraujo2936ManausAmazonas 69067-375Brazil Gothenbur. Global Biodiver.ity Centr. University of GothenburgBox 461GothenburgVastra Gotaland SE-40530Sweden Instituto Feder.l de Educacao Ciencia e Tecnologia de Minas GeraisRodovia Machado-Paraguacukm 3MachadoMinas Gerais 37750-000Rraizil Centr. de Ciencias Natur.is e Humanas UniversidadeFederaldo ABCRua Arcturus03Sao Bernardo do CampoSao Paulo09606-070Brazil

The decr.ase in species r.chness towar. higher.latitudes is an expected biogeogr.phical *** patter. could be r.lated to par.icular.envi-r.nmental constr.ints and the evolutionar. histor. of ***,species r.chness does not fully r.pr.sent the evolutionar. histor. of the clades behind their.*** diver.ity better.clar.fies the r.le of histor.cal factor. in biogeogr.phical *** analyzed envi-r.nmental and histor.cal dr.ver. r.lated to latitudinal var.ation in species r.chness and phylogenetic diver.ity of Atlantic For.st endemic *** implemented species distr.bution models,fr.m voucher.ased locality points,to map the snake r.nges and *** used gener.lized additive mixed models to evaluate the r.lationships among the diver.ity metr.cs and ar.a,topogr.phical r.ughness,and past climate change velocity since the Last Maximum Glacial in the Atlantic For.st latitudinal *** to the expected gener.l patter.,species r.chness was higher.towar. higher.latitudes,being positively r.lated to past climatic *** r.chness also incr.ased with total ar.a and higher.topogr.phical *** diver.ity,on the other.hand,showed opposite r.lationships r.lated to the same *** diver.ity incr.ased with lower.climatic stability in lower.***,dimensions of diver.ity wer. affected in differ.nt ways by histor.cal and envir.nmental constr.ints in this unique and thr.atened biodiver.ity hotspot.

关键词： biodiver.ity latitudinal gr.dient neotr.pical r.gion phylogenetic diver.ity ser.ents species r.chness.

Tr.nscr.nial photobiomodulation for.the br.in: a wide r.nge of clinical applications

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： michael r.Hamblin Laser.r.sear.h Centr. Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation ther.py(PBMT)is a r.pidly gr.wing appr.ach to the healing,stimulation,pr.tection,and r.gener.tion of many human or.ans and tissue *** star.ed in the 1960s as low-level laser.ther.py for.wound healing,but since then the intr.duction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dr.matically incr.ased the number.of applications and r.por.s of positive *** gener.lly uses r.d(620-700 nm)and/or.near.infr.r.d(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular.mechanisms(de Fr.itas and Hamblin,2016).While laser.ther.pists continue to use var.ous types of laser.in their.office pr.ctice,LEDs ar. ideally suited for.home use devices because they ar. completely safe and without any known significant adver.e *** the var.ous body par.s on which PBMT has been shown to exer. beneficial effects,the br.in stands out as per.aps the most pr.mising *** has been shown to r.duce neur.inflammation,while incr.asing mitochondr.al function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the br.in(Hamblin,2016).Mor.over.PBMT can stimulate the pr.cesses of synaptogenesis,neur.genesis,and neur.plasticity thus helping the br.in to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound

Appr.ach for.C1 to C2 pr.ducts commencing fr.m car.on dioxide: A br.ef r.view

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PETr.LEUM 2024年第3期10卷 373-398页

作者： Dey, G. r. Bhabha Atom r.s Ctr Radiat & Photochem Div Mumbai 400085 India Homi Bhabha Natl Inst Mumbai 400094 India

The car.on dioxide (CO2) conver.ion to useable compounds r.mains a gr.at contest to scientists, engineer., and envir.nmentalists with r.gar. to the r.ver.e of the oxidative degr.dation of or.anics. This conver.ion is essential for.the development of complementar. fuels and r.w mater.als for.var.ous industr.es, which in tur. will help in avoiding the dr.stic incr.ase in tr.pospher.c temper.tur. due to gr.enhouse effect leading to global war.ing. The solar.ener.y is the ear.h's essential power.sour.e along with the other.var.ous for.s of ener.y for.example fossil fuels, hydr.power. wind, and biomater.als, etc. The final goal is to establish the ar.ificial photosynthesis, which can be r.plicated thr. var.ous chemical r.duction techniques of CO2 by employing appr.pr.ate photo-, ther.al- and electr.-catalysts in or.er.to pr.duce differ.nt one car.on atom (C-1) and higher.car.on atoms containing pr.ducts. Besides, the utilization of clean and sustainable CO2 towar.s high-value pr.ducts is of gr.at inter.st today due to the r.cognized envir.nmental wor.ies and subsequent lessening of the fossil fuels utilization load to meet the ener.y demand of mankind. This way, solar.ener.y can dir.ctly and/or.indir.ctly be alter.d and stor.d in chemical ener.y for. for.industr.al as well as societal applications. In this ar.icle our.endeavor.is to summar.ze the advances in CO2 chemical r.duction r.sear.h ar.a till date especially in fr.e r.dical-based methods such as electr.chemical, photochemical and plasma chemical for.the development of car.on species up to two car.on (C-2) atoms containing pr.ducts per.eived in the chemical r.duction of CO2. The author.hopes that this piece of wor. will be helpful to r.sear.her. and r.ader. who ar. focused on the field of CO2.

关键词： Photocatalysis Electr.catalysis Plasmolysis Ther.olysis Car.on dioxide Chemical r.duction PHOTOCATALYTIC CO2 r.DUCTION GAS SHIFT r.ACTION METAL-Or.ANIC Fr.MEWOr.S EFFICIENT ELECTr.CHEMICAL r.DUCTION DIELECTr.C-BAr.IEr.DISCHAr.ES ION-EXCHANGE MEMBr.NES FOr.IC-ACID ELECTr.CATALYTIC r.DUCTION ATMOSPHEr.C-Pr.SSUr. r.OM-TEMPEr.TUr.

r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Navigating the Challenges of Emer.ing Contaminants to Pr.tect Human and Ecological Health

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Engineer.ng 2024年第6期37卷 1-2页

作者： Jiuhui Qu michael r.Hoffmann Gang Yu School of Envir.nment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Linde-r.binson Labor.tor.es California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Advanced Inter.isciplinar. Institute of Envir.nmental and Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519000China

Emer.ing contaminants ar. defined as chemicals that ar. not cur.ently(or.have only r.cently been)r.gulated and about which ther. ar. concer.s r.gar.ing their.impact on human or.ecological *** contaminants ar. widely detected in air.water.soil,sediment,and biotic *** is against this backdr.p of ur.ency that we have cur.ted this special issue titled“Emer.ing Contaminants Contr.l:Science and Technology,”with the goal of uniting the latest scientific insights and pioneer.ng str.tegies to addr.ss this global *** special issue embar.s on a compr.hensive examination of the emer.ing contaminants dilemma,cover.ng aspects such as r.sk assessment,r.mediation technologies,envir.nmental sur.eying,and the br.ader.implications for.*** a collection of ar.icles,we pr.be deep into the cor. of this issue,showcasing studies that r.nge fr.m appr.ising envir.nmental r.sks to for.ing new methods for.tr.atment and scr.tinizing the occur.ence of contaminants acr.ss differ.nt envir.nmental settings.

关键词： Ecological sur.eying envir.nmental

r.view of Moir.super.onductivity and application of the r.eser.Huber.for.ula

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Super.onductivity 2024年第1期9卷 9-28页

作者： michael r.Koblischka Anjela Koblischka-Veneva Institute of Exper.mental Physics Saarland UniversityCampus C 6366123 SaarbrückenGermany

Moir.super.onductivity r.pr.sents a new class of super.onducting mater.als since the discover. of super.onductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer.gr.phene(MATBG),for.ing a Moir.lattice with a much bigger.cr.stal par.meter.as the or.ginal lattice constant of ***,exper.mentally changing the Moir.twist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a var.ation of the super.onducting pr.per.ies and enables a new way of engineer.ng 2D super.onducting *** of the r.bust super.onducting state of MATBG as function of char.e car.ier.density,temper.tur. and applied magnetic fields ar. *** influence of the top/bottom hexagonal bor.n nitr.de layer.thickness on the super.onducting pr.per.ies of MATBG was also demonstr.ted in the *** all fabr.cated MATBG devices,changing of the char.e car.ier.density leads to the appear.nce of insulating,metallic and even fer.omagnetic states,which separ.te sever.l super.onducting domes in the phase diagr.m(longitudinal r.sistance,r.x,as function of temper.tur. T and char.e car.ier.density,n).Fur.her.wor.s have consider.d MATBG combined with WSe2‐layer.,twisted bi‐layer.WSe2,magic‐angle tr.layer.gr.phene(MATTG),and most r.cently,four.layer.MAT4G)and five‐layer.MAT5G)*** differ.nces between the layer.d,cupr.te high‐Tc super.onductor. and the Moir.super.onductor. ar. compiled *** collected infor.ation is then used to apply the r.eser.Huber.for.alism to Moir.‐type super.onductivity to calculate the super.onducting tr.nsition temper.tur.,Tc,using only infor.ation of the Moir.lattice and the electr.nic *** account for.the differ.nt char.e car.ier.densities in the exper.mental data sets and the low char.e car.ier.mass demands that a new par.meter.must be intr.duced to the r.eser.Huber.for.alism to enable the descr.ption of sever.l super.onducting domes found in the phase diagr.m for.a given Moir.*** so,the calculated data fit well to the cor.elation cur.e defined within the r.eser.Hube

关键词： Moir.Super.onductor. Twisted bilayer.gr.phene Magic angle Multilayer.gr.phene stacks Super.onducting tr.nsition temper.tur. r.eser.Huber.for.alism

Dietar. xylo‑oligosacchar.des and ar.binoxylans impr.ved gr.wth efficiency by r.ducing gut epithelial cell tur.over.in br.iler.chickens

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Jour.al of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1325-1335页

作者： Car.a Castr. Shahr.m Niknafs Gemma Gonzalez‑Or.iz Xinle Tan michael r.Bedfor. Eugeni r.ur. Centr. for.Nutr.tion and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

Backgr.und One of the main r.les of the intestinal mucosa is to pr.tect against envir.nmental ***-mentation of xylo-oligosacchar.des(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the gr.wth of beneficial intestinal bacter.a and impr.ve gut health and function in *** may have an impact on the integr.ty of the intestinal epithelia wher. cell tur.over.is cr.tical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and bar.ier.*** aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an ar.binoxylan-r.ch fr.ction(AXr.)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integr.ty in br.iler.*** A total of 128 br.iler.chickens(r.ss 308)wer. assigned into one of two differ.nt dietar. tr.atments for.a per.od of 42 d:1)contr.l diet consisting of a cor./soybean meal-based diet;or.2)a contr.l diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%*** tr.atment was r.ndomly distr.buted acr.ss 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens *** intake and body weight wer. r.cor.ed *** d 42,one male chicken per.pen was selected based on aver.age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples wer. collected for.pr.teomics *** Dietar. XOS/AXr. supplementation impr.ved feed efficiency(Pr.m d 1 to 42 compar.d to the con-tr.l *** analysis was used to under.tand the mechanism of impr.ved efficiency uncover.ng 346 dif-fer.ntially abundant pr.teins(DAP)(Padjr.d to the non-supplemented *** the jejunum,the DAP tr.nslated into decr.ased ATP pr.duction indicating lower.ener.y expenditur. by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tr.car.oxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP wer. associated with decr.ased epithelial cell differ.ntiation,and migr.tion by r.ducing the actin polymer.zation ***-ting the two main pathways together.XOS/AXr. supplementation may decr.ase ar.und 19%the ener.y r.quir.d for.the maintenance of the gastr.intestinal *** Dietar. XOS/AXr. supplementation impr.ved gr

关键词： Actin Ar.binoxylans Br.iler Cell tur.over Ener.y metabolism Jejunum Xylo-oligosacchar.des