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船舶与配套 2011年第9期 72-79页

作者： michael r. motley Yin L. Young Jack W. Baker 普林斯顿大学土木环境工程系斯坦福大学土木环境工程系

研究目标是开发出一种基于可靠性的设计和优化方法，以提高自适应式复合材料螺旋浆的效率。目的是量化材料和操作不确定性对自适应螺旋浆性能的影响，并给出一种设计和优化方法，以使结构的性能和可靠性最大化。

关键词：可靠性设计复合材料船用螺旋桨优化扭曲自适应式不确定性螺旋浆

Tr.nscr.nial photobiomodulation for.the br.in: a wide r.nge of clinical applications

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： michael r.Hamblin Laser.r.sear.h Centr. Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation ther.py(PBMT)is a r.pidly gr.wing appr.ach to the healing,stimulation,pr.tection,and r.gener.tion of many human or.ans and tissue *** star.ed in the 1960s as low-level laser.ther.py for.wound healing,but since then the intr.duction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dr.matically incr.ased the number.of applications and r.por.s of positive *** gener.lly uses r.d(620-700 nm)and/or.near.infr.r.d(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular.mechanisms(de Fr.itas and Hamblin,2016).While laser.ther.pists continue to use var.ous types of laser.in their.office pr.ctice,LEDs ar. ideally suited for.home use devices because they ar. completely safe and without any known significant adver.e *** the var.ous body par.s on which PBMT has been shown to exer. beneficial effects,the br.in stands out as per.aps the most pr.mising *** has been shown to r.duce neur.inflammation,while incr.asing mitochondr.al function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the br.in(Hamblin,2016).Mor.over.PBMT can stimulate the pr.cesses of synaptogenesis,neur.genesis,and neur.plasticity thus helping the br.in to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound

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Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutr.tion 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T.Mor.n michael r.Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastr.c pH,phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca2+near.the enzyme?s active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. Thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coor.inating fr.e Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca2+and other.cations r.bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor.(e.g. Zn2+) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca2+is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na+to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.USWL）. Excessive r.moval of Ca2+fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facilitating its loss fr.m the USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Dietar. fibr. effects and the inter.lay with exogenous car.ohydr.ses in poultr. nutr.tion

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Animal Nutr.tion 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： michael r.Bedfor. Bir.er.Svihus Aar.n J.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingr.dients Ltd Nor.egian Univer.ity of Life Sciences DSM Nutr.tional Pr.ducts

A compr.hensive under.tanding of the r.le of dietar. fibr. in non-r.minant animal pr.duction is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibr. coupled with significant analytical complexity,inter.ct with poor.y defined host and micr.biome r.lationships. Dietar. fibr. is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage r.te, nutr.ent absor.tion, micr.biome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutr.ent loss, envir.nmental sustainability, animal welfar. and mor.. Whilst significant gaps per.ist in our.under.tanding of fibr. in non-r.minant animal pr.duction, ther. is substantial inter.st in optimizing the fibr. fr.ction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as impr.ved welfar.,live per.or.ance and to r.duce the envir.nmental footpr.nt of animal pr.duction systems. In or.er.to achieve these aspir.tional goals, it is impor.ant to tackle dietar. fibr. with the same level of scr.tiny as is cur.ently done for.other.cr.tical nutr.ent classes such as pr.tein, miner.ls and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutr.tional r.le of fibr. must be explor.d at the level of monomer.c sugar., oligosacchar.des and polysacchar.des of var.ing molecular.weight and decor.tion, and this must be in par.llel to standar.isation of analytical tools and definitions for.speciation. To fur.her.complicate subject, exogenous car.ohydr.ses r.cognise dietar. fibr. as a focal substr.te and have var.ing capacity to gener.te lower.molecular.weight car.ohydr.tes that inter.ct differ.ntially with the host and the enter.c micr.biome. This shor. r.view ar.icle will explor. the inter.ctive space between dietar. fibr. and exogenous car.ohydr.ses and will include their.nutr.tional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, micr.biome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibr. Car.ohydr.se Nutr.tion Micr.biome Gastr.-intestinal development Feed

Navigating the Challenges of Emer.ing Contaminants to Pr.tect Human and Ecological Health

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Engineer.ng 2024年第6期37卷 1-2页

作者： Jiuhui Qu michael r.Hoffmann Gang Yu School of Envir.nment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Linde-r.binson Labor.tor.es California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Advanced Inter.isciplinar. Institute of Envir.nmental and Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519000China

Emer.ing contaminants ar. defined as chemicals that ar. not cur.ently(or.have only r.cently been)r.gulated and about which ther. ar. concer.s r.gar.ing their.impact on human or.ecological *** contaminants ar. widely detected in air.water.soil,sediment,and biotic *** is against this backdr.p of ur.ency that we have cur.ted this special issue titled“Emer.ing Contaminants Contr.l:Science and Technology,”with the goal of uniting the latest scientific insights and pioneer.ng str.tegies to addr.ss this global *** special issue embar.s on a compr.hensive examination of the emer.ing contaminants dilemma,cover.ng aspects such as r.sk assessment,r.mediation technologies,envir.nmental sur.eying,and the br.ader.implications for.*** a collection of ar.icles,we pr.be deep into the cor. of this issue,showcasing studies that r.nge fr.m appr.ising envir.nmental r.sks to for.ing new methods for.tr.atment and scr.tinizing the occur.ence of contaminants acr.ss differ.nt envir.nmental settings.

关键词： Ecological sur.eying envir.nmental

r.view of Moir.super.onductivity and application of the r.eser.Huber.for.ula

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Super.onductivity 2024年第1期9卷 9-28页

作者： michael r.Koblischka Anjela Koblischka-Veneva Institute of Exper.mental Physics Saarland UniversityCampus C 6366123 SaarbrückenGermany

Moir.super.onductivity r.pr.sents a new class of super.onducting mater.als since the discover. of super.onductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer.gr.phene(MATBG),for.ing a Moir.lattice with a much bigger.cr.stal par.meter.as the or.ginal lattice constant of ***,exper.mentally changing the Moir.twist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a var.ation of the super.onducting pr.per.ies and enables a new way of engineer.ng 2D super.onducting *** of the r.bust super.onducting state of MATBG as function of char.e car.ier.density,temper.tur. and applied magnetic fields ar. *** influence of the top/bottom hexagonal bor.n nitr.de layer.thickness on the super.onducting pr.per.ies of MATBG was also demonstr.ted in the *** all fabr.cated MATBG devices,changing of the char.e car.ier.density leads to the appear.nce of insulating,metallic and even fer.omagnetic states,which separ.te sever.l super.onducting domes in the phase diagr.m(longitudinal r.sistance,r.x,as function of temper.tur. T and char.e car.ier.density,n).Fur.her.wor.s have consider.d MATBG combined with WSe2‐layer.,twisted bi‐layer.WSe2,magic‐angle tr.layer.gr.phene(MATTG),and most r.cently,four.layer.MAT4G)and five‐layer.MAT5G)*** differ.nces between the layer.d,cupr.te high‐Tc super.onductor. and the Moir.super.onductor. ar. compiled *** collected infor.ation is then used to apply the r.eser.Huber.for.alism to Moir.‐type super.onductivity to calculate the super.onducting tr.nsition temper.tur.,Tc,using only infor.ation of the Moir.lattice and the electr.nic *** account for.the differ.nt char.e car.ier.densities in the exper.mental data sets and the low char.e car.ier.mass demands that a new par.meter.must be intr.duced to the r.eser.Huber.for.alism to enable the descr.ption of sever.l super.onducting domes found in the phase diagr.m for.a given Moir.*** so,the calculated data fit well to the cor.elation cur.e defined within the r.eser.Hube

关键词： Moir.Super.onductor. Twisted bilayer.gr.phene Magic angle Multilayer.gr.phene stacks Super.onducting tr.nsition temper.tur. r.eser.Huber.for.alism

Dietar. xylo‑oligosacchar.des and ar.binoxylans impr.ved gr.wth efficiency by r.ducing gut epithelial cell tur.over.in br.iler.chickens

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Jour.al of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1325-1335页

作者： Car.a Castr. Shahr.m Niknafs Gemma Gonzalez‑Or.iz Xinle Tan michael r.Bedfor. Eugeni r.ur. Centr. for.Nutr.tion and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

Backgr.und One of the main r.les of the intestinal mucosa is to pr.tect against envir.nmental ***-mentation of xylo-oligosacchar.des(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the gr.wth of beneficial intestinal bacter.a and impr.ve gut health and function in *** may have an impact on the integr.ty of the intestinal epithelia wher. cell tur.over.is cr.tical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and bar.ier.*** aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an ar.binoxylan-r.ch fr.ction(AXr.)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integr.ty in br.iler.*** A total of 128 br.iler.chickens(r.ss 308)wer. assigned into one of two differ.nt dietar. tr.atments for.a per.od of 42 d:1)contr.l diet consisting of a cor./soybean meal-based diet;or.2)a contr.l diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%*** tr.atment was r.ndomly distr.buted acr.ss 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens *** intake and body weight wer. r.cor.ed *** d 42,one male chicken per.pen was selected based on aver.age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples wer. collected for.pr.teomics *** Dietar. XOS/AXr. supplementation impr.ved feed efficiency(Pr.m d 1 to 42 compar.d to the con-tr.l *** analysis was used to under.tand the mechanism of impr.ved efficiency uncover.ng 346 dif-fer.ntially abundant pr.teins(DAP)(Padjr.d to the non-supplemented *** the jejunum,the DAP tr.nslated into decr.ased ATP pr.duction indicating lower.ener.y expenditur. by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tr.car.oxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP wer. associated with decr.ased epithelial cell differ.ntiation,and migr.tion by r.ducing the actin polymer.zation ***-ting the two main pathways together.XOS/AXr. supplementation may decr.ase ar.und 19%the ener.y r.quir.d for.the maintenance of the gastr.intestinal *** Dietar. XOS/AXr. supplementation impr.ved gr

关键词： Actin Ar.binoxylans Br.iler Cell tur.over Ener.y metabolism Jejunum Xylo-oligosacchar.des

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Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

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Fabr.cation of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) hor.zontal nanowir. on silicon substr.tes by inclusion of pr.cur.or. into polystyr.ne-bpolyethylene oxide nanopatter.s: Detailed str.ctur.l investigation

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Nano r.sear.h 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tandr. Ghoshal michael A.Mor.is School of Chemistr. AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Her.in,we demonstr.te the fabr.cation of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) hor.zontal nanowir. ar.ays on silicon substr.tes using a self-assembled block copolymer.assisted in situ inclusion *** separ.ted long-r.nge or.er.d polystyr.ne-b-polyethylene oxide(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer.BCP)line-space nanopatter.s wer. achieved thr.ugh ther.o-solvent *** patter.s pr.duced had long-r.nge or.er.and domain sizes>1μ*** BCP str.ctur.s wer. lightly etched and modified by anhydr.us ethanol to facilitate inser.ion of molybdenum pr.cur.or.within the film maintaining the par.nt BCP *** or.er.d molybdenum oxide nanowir. ar.ays wer. then fabr.cated by ultr.violet(UV)/ozone tr.atment at r.om *** oxides wer. conver.ed to sulphides by ther.al evapor.tion at differ.nt temper.tur.s in Ar.H_(2) envir.nment.X-r.y photoelectr.n spectr.scopy r.vealed the composition and phases of the molybdenum oxide and sulphide *** mapping was per.or.ed to investigate the inter.aces between the oxide and sulphide nanowir.s with the substr.te *** for.ation and stability of the sulphide nanowir.s wer. studied at differ.nt *** photoluminescence and r.man pr.per.ies wer. studied at differ.nt for.ation temper.tur.s to investigate defects and estimate the number.of layer..

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowir.s inclusion X-r.y photoelectr.n spectr.scopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence