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Lipolysis supports bone formation by providing osteoblasts with endogenous fatty acid substrates to maintain bioenergetic status

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Bone Research 2023年第4期11卷 876-894页

作者： Ananya Nandy Ron C.M.Helderman Santosh Thapa Shobana Jayapalan Alison Richards Nikita Narayani michael p.czech Clifford J.Rosen Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy Department of Medicine Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605USA Maine Medical Center Research Institute ScarboroughMEUSA Molecular physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37232USA

Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders.Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function.Here,we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation.As such,we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation.Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function.The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions.In vivo,conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism.Collectively,our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets,which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited.perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation,specifically reducing ATp production and overall osteoblast function.

关键词： endogenous maintain osteoblast

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Large-scale genome-wide SNp analysis reveals the rugged(and ragged)landscape of global ancestry,phylogeny,and demographic history in chicken breeds

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第4期25卷 324-340页

作者： Natalia V.DEMENTIEVA Yuri S.SHCHERBAKOV Olga I.STANISHEVSKAYA Anatoly B.VAKHRAMEEV Tatiana A.LARKINA Artem p.DYSIN Olga A.NIKOLAEVA Anna E.RYABOVA Anastasiia I.AZOVTSEVA Olga V.MITROFANOVA Grigoriy K.pEGLIVANYAN Natalia R.REINBACH Darren K.GRIFFIN michael N.ROMANOV Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K.Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry.pushkin St.Petersburg196601Russia School of Biosciences University of KentCanterburyCT27NJUK L.K.Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry DubrovitsyPodolskMoscow Oblast142132Russia

The worldwide chicken gene pool encompasses a remarkable,but shrinking,number of divergently selected breeds of diverse origin.This study was a large-scale genome-wide analysis of the landscape of the complex molecular architecture,genetic variability,and detailed structure among 49 populations.These populations represent a significant sample of the world's chicken breeds from Europe(Russia,czech Republic,France,Spain,UK,etc.),Asia(China),North America(USA),and Oceania(Australia).Based on the results of breed genotyping using the Illumina 60K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNp)chip,a bioinformatic analysis was carried out.This included the calculation of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics,inbreeding coefficients,and effective population size.It also included assessment of linkage disequilibrium and construction of phylogenetic trees.Using multidimensional scaling,principal component analysis,and ADMIXTURE-assisted global ancestry analysis,we explored the genetic structure of populations and subpopulations in each breed.An overall 49-population phylogeny analysis was also performed,and a refined evolutionary model of chicken breed formation was proposed,which included egg,meat,dual-purpose types,and ambiguous breeds.Such a large-scale survey of genetic resources in poultry farming using modern genomic methods is of great interest both from the viewpoint of a general understanding of the genetics of the domestic chicken and for the further development of genomic technologies and approaches in poultry breeding.In general,whole genome SNp genotyping of promising chicken breeds from the worldwide gene pool will promote the further development of modern genomic science as applied to poultry.

关键词： Chicken genome diversity Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNp)analysis Gene pool Global ancestry phylogeny Demographic history

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In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jen? Gubicza Kristián Máthis péter Nagy péter Jenei Zoltán Heged?s Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura Department of Materials physics Faculty of Science E?tv?s Loránd University Department of physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation（RSRC） technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application potential. This material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers（CALs） and nanoplates（CANaps）, or complete long period stacking ordered（LpSO） phase. In order to reveal the deformation mechanisms, in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9% Zn-2.05% Y-0.15%Al（at%） alloy. For uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance, additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400 ℃ for 2 h. The heat treatment at 300 ℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure, its evolution during tension and, thus, the overall deformation behavior under tensile loading. On the other hand,annealing at 400 ℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density, leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical strength. The maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20 × 1014m-2. The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basaland pyramidaltypes, what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation maps. It was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value, which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CANaps/LpSO plates.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long period stacking ordered (LpSO) phase Cluster arranged nanoplates (CANaps) Annealing Tension Dislocation density Hardening

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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.Rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi p.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur D.Singappuli D.Molloy D.Raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda D.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata S.palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani G.Di Giorgio G.Cristofari R.De Angelis G.A.p.Cirrone D.Margarone L.Giuffrida D.Batani p.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.Giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Holdings pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of physics of czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of plasma physics of czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few micrometers.protons with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary targets.Under such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical application.The use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on accelerators.In this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other applications.At the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy production.The experiment was performed at the 1 pW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,Spain.Angular distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium detector.Our results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[Nucl.Instrum.Methods phys.Res.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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Comparative analysis of microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： p.Minárik M.Zemková S.Šašek J.Dittrich M.Knapek F.Lukáˇc D.Koutný J.Jaroš R.Král Faculty of Mathematics and physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of plasma physics of the czech Academy of Sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of Machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(SpS)and selective laser melting(SLM).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the SLM material and unmeasurably low porosity in the SpS material.The main aim of the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the functional properties,such as mechanical strength,deformability,and corrosion resistance.Both materials showed comparable strength of∼110 Mpa in tension and compression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the SLM and SpS materials,respectively.The corrosion resistance of the SpS material in 0.1 M NaCl solution was superior to the SLM one and comparable to the conventional extruded material.The digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the SLM material.On the other hand,one of the primary outcomes of this study is that the SpS consolidation method is very effective in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might find practical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium powder metallurgy Microstructure Mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

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Monolithic metal-based/porous carbon nanocomposites made from dissolved cellulose for use in electrochemical capacitor

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Green Carbon 2024年第1期2卷 109-117页

作者： Madhav p.Chavhan Arjeta Kryeziu Somenath Ganguly Julien parmentier University of Ostrava Faculty of Science30.dubna 22Ostrava 70103Czech Republic Universitéde Strasbourg Universitéde Haute-AlsaceInstitut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse(IS2M)UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA15 rue Jean StarckyBP 248868057 Mulhouse CedexFrance Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Department of Chemical EngineeringKharagpurIndia

porous metal-based carbon nanocomposites,with a monolithic shape,were prepared by a one-pot synthesis from dissolved cellulose and metallic salts using a simple,cheap,and environmentally friendly route.Their potential performances as electrochemical capacitors were tested with three metal precursors(M=Cu,Mn,and Fe)with two loadings and in an asymmetric cell for the Fe-based carbon material.Interestingly,here soluble metal precursors were not deposited on a hard cellulose template but mixed in a precooled concentrated NaOH solution where cellulose was previously dissolved,allowing for a good dispersion of the metallic species.After a freezing step where concomitant cellulose regeneration and pore ice-templating phenomena took place,followed by a carbonization step,the mixture led to a porous carbon monolith embedding well-dispersed metal-based nanoparticles having a diameter below 20 nm and present as metallic,oxide,or carbide phase(s)according to the element M.These materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques and electrochemical tests.Their performances as supercapacitors are discussed in light of the specific behaviour of the metal-based phase and its influence on the carbon matrix properties such as mesopore formation and carbon graphitization.An asymmetric energy storage cell assembled with a Fe-based carbon electrode against a carbon xerogel electrode derived from a phenolic resin shows specific energy and power of 18.3 Wh kg^(−1)at 5 mA cm^(−2)and 1.6 kW kg^(−1)at 25 mA cm^(−2),respectively.

关键词： Cellulose Metal-based carbon nanocomposite Nanoparticles Monolith Supercapacitor

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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov S.Zähter p.Tavana M.M.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.pukhov N.E.Andreev O.N.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University MEphI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the pHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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Unravelling the drivers of technological innovations in the czech Republic: Do international technological linkages matter?

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2023年第1期7卷 32-46页

作者： Samuel Amponsah Odei michael Karikari Appiah Department of Economics Faculty of Informatics and ManagementUniversity of Hradec KraloveHradec Kralove50003Czech Republic School of Sustainable Development University of Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentSomanya00233Ghana

This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the czech Republic.We apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-sectional data from 502 firms,obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey.The results of our empirical investigation show that certain elements of the business environment,such as the tax rate,serve as significant obstacles to firms’product innovations.The results also confirm that international technological linkagesdmeasured by international quality certificates and foreign technology licensesdaffect technological innovations.Moreover,we found that internal R&D activities positively impact technological innovation across all sectors;contrarily,we found that process innovation in the manufacturing sector is positively influenced by foreign technology licenses and business association membership.process innovations in the service sector are positively correlated with external R&D and financing from banking institutions.Finally,business association membership does not positively influence technological innovation in the service sector.Our findings have salient implications for firm managers,policymakers,and scholars aiming to explore and improve innovation outcomes in transitional economies.

关键词： Technological innovations Government subsidies Foreign technology license External knowledge Intellectual property rights International quality certificate czech Republic

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Supersonic-Subsonic Transition in Relatively Narrow Channels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2000年第4期9卷 311-315页

作者： Rudolf Dvorak (Institute of Thermomechanics, Academy of Sciences of the czech Republic, prague, The czech Republic) Institute of Thermomechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague The Czech Republic

The flow structure in relatively narrow channels has a strong three-dimensional character with complex flow phenomena, including regions of localized separation, various vortical smictures, etc., all of which have to be considered when dealing with the problem of supersonic-subsonic transition. In this paper only the following three problems are considered: 1. the effect of channel width on transition from supersonic to subsonic velocities, 2. transition from supersonic to subsonic velocities in a system of shock waves - pseudoshock wave, 3. transition from subsonic to supersonic velocities in a critical cross section at the end of a duct with fully developed turbulent channel flow. problems connected with vortical structures and flow separation were discussed by the same author elsewhere (see References).

关键词：气体动力学可压缩流体风道宽度

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Vortices and Vortical Structures in InternalAerodynamics

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Journal of Thermal Science 1997年第2期6卷 86-89页

作者： Rudolf Dvorak (Institute of Thermomechanics, Academy of Sciences of the czech Republic, prague, czech Republic) Institute of Thermomechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic

The paper aims at summarizing the author’s recent phenomenological study of the orthe, developmeot and identification of vortical structures in internal aerodynamics.A connection between evolution of these structures and flow separation in closed cUrVed channels is also discussed. It has been shown that in real fluids the individual vortex cores very soon lose their identity and merge into a new dissipative structure, the properties of which still have to be defined.

关键词：空气动力学涡流旋涡结构

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