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Racial disparities in the treatment of pancreatic cancer:results from the analysis of a National Database

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Journal of Pancreatology 2023年第4期6卷 151-157页

作者： Chibueze Onyemkpa Danielle Dougherty Sajjaad Samat Tolutope Oyasiji michael mcleod Department of surgery Michigan State UniversityLansingMIUSA Department of Surgical Oncology McLaren HospitalFlintMIUSA

Background:Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the *** have been postulates of racial *** on this,we primarily examined the presence of race,for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ***:A retrospective review was conducted on patients with pancreatic cancers using the Surveillance Epidemiology,and End Results-Medicare *** and multivariate analyses were *** Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier *** of survival curves was done using the log-rank *** proportional hazards regression model was used to determine independent predictors of *** areas focused on were time interval from diagnosis to treatment,“Predictors of surgery of the primary site,”“Predictors for recommending surgery of the primary site,”“Predictors for oncologic resection,”“Predictors of performance and refusal of surgery of primary site if recommended,”and“Predictors for any other therapy(all therapies excluding surgery)”.Results:A total of 52,951 patients were identified from the database.A total of 24,523 were males and 26,715 were females.A total of 81.9%were Caucasian,10.9%were Black,and 7.2%were other *** was approximately equal distribution of the different stages between both genders.A total of 10.2%of the females were diagnosed at stage I,28.9%,9.3%,and 51.6%at stages I,III,and IV,respectively,compared to males with 8.4%,28.3%,9.2%,and 54.1%for stages I,II,III,and IV,respectively.A total of 9.5%of the Black patients were diagnosed at stage I,24.2%at stage II,10.1%at stage III,and 56.2%at stage IV.A similar distribution was noted in the other *** patients had worse overall survival when compared to Caucasians(P=.004)and other races(P=.001).Conclusion:Compared to Caucasian patients,Black patients with pancreatic cancer had worse overall survival.

关键词： Disparities Pancreas Statistics

The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.mcleod Brad S.Currier Caroline V.Lowisz Stuart M.Phillips Department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review

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转变温哥华Liminal住宅

室内设计与装修 2024年第11期 84-89页

作者： [加拿大]mcleod Bovell Hufton+Crow(摄影) 西溪(编译) mcleod Bovell

Liminal住宅坐落于一个独特的位置,位于郊区住宅区与温哥华西部自然海岸之间的交界地带。这座建筑如同大自然的延伸,巧妙地融合在土地与海洋之间。承接这一项目的是当地的设计公司mcleod Bovell。设计师了解到业主的子女即将搬走,家庭... 详细信息

Liminal住宅坐落于一个独特的位置,位于郊区住宅区与温哥华西部自然海岸之间的交界地带。这座建筑如同大自然的延伸,巧妙地融合在土地与海洋之间。承接这一项目的是当地的设计公司mcleod Bovell。设计师了解到业主的子女即将搬走,家庭的模式将发生一个关键的转变。因此,设计团队的目标是建造一栋能够体现这一转变的房屋,在概念及体验上反映这种变化的内涵。在设计中,“边缘”一词充分表达了他们的理念:它象征着一种居住在过渡空间的感觉,引导人们在不同空间之间自由流动,以及从一种状态走向另一种状态的过程。

关键词：过渡空间交界地带自由流动住宅区温哥华设计团队充分表达

Ischemic penumbra in retina endures： vascular neuropathology is reconciled

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第5期11卷 737-739页

作者： David mcleod Academic Department Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and University of Manchester Centre for Ophthalmology & Vision ResearchManchester UK

A physiological state of＂normoxia＂obtains when tissue oxygen tension（pO_2）is sufficient to drive mitochondrial respiration throughout a volume of *** 30-40%of the available oxygen is normally extracted from hemogl... 详细信息

关键词： Ischemic penumbra in retina endures vascular neuropathology is reconciled

Resilience:Lessons to be learned from safety and acceptable risk

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第4期2卷 253-257页

作者： Kosovac Anna Tom mcleod Logan Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology The University of MelbourneAustralia Civil and Natural Resources Engineering The University of CanterburyNew Zealand

It is not unusual to see the concept of resilience housed in binary terms:Your city is either‘resilient’or *** contrast,being‘safe’is widely recognized as a statement based on‘acceptable risk’where absolute safety is *** why do we treat resilience and,as an example,the idea of“Resilient Cities”as a distinct endpoint?In this paper,we argue that this mindset is not only incongruent with current understandings of safety and risk but could create a false sense of security for systems that otherwise have been judged‘resilient’.An alternative is that we can and should consider framing resilience in the same manner as we do to *** benefit of doing this is that we can learn from the safety literature and appreciate that,like for safety,there is no such thing as absolute ***,we should be striving to constantly identify and reduce the risks to our systems and society.

关键词： Risk analysis Safety Risk assessment Resilient Resilience Urban Cities Disaster management

Roles of autophagy in lymphocytes： reflections and directions

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第2期7卷 104-107页

作者： Ian X mcleod Youwen He Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA

Recent studies have revealed that autophagy, a fundamental intracellular process, plays many different roles in lymphocyte development and function. Autophagy regulates naive T-lymphocyte homeostasis, specifically by regulating mitochondrial quality and turnover, and is necessary for the proliferation of mature T cells. Autophagy also acts as a cellular death pathway in lymphocytes, both upon prolonged cytokine withdrawal and during acute antigen-receptor stimulation if improperly regulated. Furthermore, during HIV infection, hyperinduction of autophagy leads to massive T-cell death in uninfected CD4＋ T cells, and is rescued by inhibiting autophagic initiation. Constitutively high levels of autophagy in thymic epithelial cells are necessary for optimal processing and presentation of endogenous antigens, and required for proper positive and negative selection of developing thymocytes. Autophagy also promotes the survival of B lymphocytes, as well as the development of early B-cell progenitors. In B cells, autophagy is an alternative death pathway, as antigen-receptor stimulation in the absence of costimulation induces a potent autophagic death. Thus, autophagy plays a complex role in lymphocytes and is regulated during their lifespan to ensure a healthy immune system.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy homeostasis lymphocytes

Liquid deposition photolithography for submicrometer resolution three-dimensional index structuring with large throughput

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 209-214页

作者： Adam C Urness Eric D Moore Keith K Kamysiak michael C Cole Robert R mcleod Department of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA.

Photonic devices increasingly require three-dimensional control of refractive index,but existing fabrication methods such as femtosecond micromachining,multilayer lithography and bulk diffusion can only address a select scale range,are often limited in complexity or thickness and have low *** introduce a new fabrication method and polymeric material that can efficiently create mm^(3) optical devices with programmable,gradient index of refraction with arbitrary feature *** contrast of 0.1 is demonstrated,which is 100 times larger than femtosecond micromachining,and 20 times larger than commercial holographic *** is achieved by repetitive microfluidic layering of a self-developing photopolymer structured by projection *** process has the unusual property that total fabrication time for a fixed thickness decreases with the number of layers,enabling fabrication 10^(5) faster than femtosecond *** demonstrate the process by sequentially writing 100 layers to fabricate a mm thick waveguide array.

关键词： holographic photopolymers lithography photonic device fabrication single photon polymerization three-dimensional structuring

Arthropod prey of imported fire ants （Hymenoptera： Formicidae） in Mississippi sweetpotato fields

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 467-471页

作者： Tahir Rashid Jian Chen James T. Vogt Paul J. mcleod Aicorn State University Extension~Research Demonstration Farm & Tech Transfer Center Mound Bayou Mississippi USDA ARS Bio- logical Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville Mississippi USDA FS Inventory & Analysis Knoxville Tennessee Department of Entomology University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas United States

The red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta （Buren）, are generally considered pests. They have also been viewed as beneficial predators feeding on other insect pests of various agroecosystems. This study documents the foraging habits of fire ants in a sweetpotato field in Mississippi. Fire ant foraging trails connecting outside colonies to a sweetpotato field were exposed and foraging ants moving out of the field toward the direction of the colony were collected along with the solid food particles they were carrying. The food material was classified as arthropod or plant in origin. The arthropod particles were identified to orders. Fire ant foragers carried more arthropods than plant material. Coleoptera and Homoptera were the most abundant groups preyed upon. These insect orders contain various economically important pests of sweetpotato. Other major hexapod groups included the orders Hemiptera, Diptera and Collembola. The quantity of foraged material varied over the season. No damage to sweetpotato roots could be attributed to fire ant feeding. Imported fire ant foraging may reduce the number of insect pests in sweetpotato fields.

关键词： foraging imported fire ant predation Solenops& invicta sweetpotato

Apolipoprotein B100 quality control and the regulation of hepatic very low density lipoprotein secretion

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2014年第3期28卷 178-193页

作者： Eric Fisher Elizabeth Lake Roger S mcleod Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineDalhousie University

Apolipoprotein B （apoB） is the main protein component of very low density lipoprotein （VLDL） and is necessary for the assembly and secretion of these triglyceride （TG）-rich particles. Following release from the liver, VLDL is converted to low density lipoprotein （LDL） in the plasma and increased production of VLDL can therefore play a detrimental role in cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence has helped to establish VLDL assembly as a target for the treatment of dyslipidemias. Multiple factors are involved in the folding of the apoB protein and the formation of a secretion-competent VLDL particle. Failed VLDL assembly can initiate quality control mechanisms in the hepatocyte that target apoB for degradation. ApoB is a substrate for endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation （ERAD） by the ubiquitin proteasome system and for autophagy. Efficient targeting and disposal of apoB is a regu- lated process that modulates VLDL secretion and partitioning of TG. Emerging evidence suggests that significant overlap exists between these degradative pathways. For example, the insulin-mediated targeting of apoB to autop- hagy and postprandial activation of the unfolded protein response （UPR） may employ the same cellular machinery and regulatory cues. Changes in the quality control mechanisms for apoB impact hepatic physiology and pathology states, including insulin resistance and fatty liver. Insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and the hepatic UPR may impact VLDL production, particularly during the postprandial state. In this review we summarize our current understanding of VLDL assembly, apoB degradation, quality control mechanisms and the role of these processes in liver physiology and in pathologic states.

关键词： apolipoprotein B very low density lipoprotein proteasome ubiquitin autophagy steatosis