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Combining single-cell RNA sequencing and population-based studies reveals hand osteoarthritis-associated chondrocyte subpopulations and pathways

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Bone Research 2023年第4期11卷 834-846页

作者： Hui Li Xiaofeng Jiang Yongbing Xiao Yuqing Zhang Weiya Zhang michael Doherty Jacquelyn Nestor Changjun Li Jing Ye Tingting Sha Houchen Lyu Jie Wei Chao Zeng Guanghua Lei Department of Orthopaedics Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008 HunanChina Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury Changsha 410008 HunanChina Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment Ministry of EducationXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina Division of Rheumatology Allergyand ImmunologyDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA The Mongan Institute Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Academic Rheumatology School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG51PBUK Pain Centre Versus Arthritis UK Nottingham NG51PBUK Department of Endocrinology Endocrinology Research CenterXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008 HunanChina National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008 HunanChina Health management Center Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008 HunanChina Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008 HunanChina

Hand osteoarthritis is a common heterogeneous joint disorder with unclear molecular mechanisms and no disease-modifying *** this study,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to compare the cellular composition and subpopulationspecific gene expression between cartilage with macroscopically confirmed osteoarthritis(n=5)and cartilage without osteoarthritis(n=5)from the interphalangeal joints of five *** 105142 cells,we identified 13 subpopulations,including a novel subpopulation with inflammation-modulating potential annotated as inflammatory *** chondrocytes exhibited extensive alteration of gene expression patterns in osteoarthritic cartilage compared with nonosteoarthritic *** inflammatory chondrocytes and fibrocartilage chondrocytes showed a trend toward increased numbers in osteoarthritic *** these two subpopulations from osteoarthritic cartilage,the ferroptosis pathway was enriched,and expression of iron overload-related genes,e.g.,FTH1,was *** verify these findings,we conducted a Mendelian randomization study using UK Biobank and a population-based cross-sectional study using data collected from Xiangya Osteoarthritis *** predisposition toward higher expression of FTH1 mRNA significantly increased the risk of hand osteoarthritis(odds ratio=1.07,95%confidence interval:1.02–1.11)among participants(n=332668)in UK *** levels of serum ferritin(encoded by FTH1),a biomarker of body iron overload,were significantly associated with a high prevalence of hand osteoarthritis among participants(n=1241)of Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study(P-for-trend=0.037).In conclusion,our findings indicate that inflammatory and fibrocartilage chondrocytes are key subpopulations and that ferroptosis may be a key pathway in hand osteoarthritis,providing new insights into the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets of hand osteoarthritis.

关键词： osteoarthritis subpopulations elevated

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Wind and Solar Power in the United States:Status and Prospects

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2017年第1期3卷 1-6页

作者： michael B McElroy Xinyu Chen Join A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA

The United States has committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 26%–28%by 2025 and by 83%by 2050 relative to *** these objectives will require major investments in renewable energy options,particularly wind and *** investments are promoted at the federal level by a variety of tax credits,and at the state level by requirements for utilities to include specific fractions of renewable energy in their portfolios(Renewable Portfolio Standards)and by opportunities for rooftop PV systems to transfer excess power to utilities through net metering,allowing meters to operate in *** paper discusses the current status of these incentives.

关键词： Incentives net metering renewable energy renewable energy portfolio

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Assessing Leak Paths in the Cement Sheath of a Cased Borehole by Analysis of Monopole Wavefield Modes

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Communications in Computational Physics 2020年第6期28卷 424-441页

作者： Hua Wang michael Fehler Aiḿe Fournier University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ChengduSichuan611731P.R.China Earth Resources Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

Evaluation of possible leakage pathways of CO_(2) injected into geological formations for storage is essential for successful Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS).A channel in the borehole cement,which secures the borehole casing to the formation,may allow CO_(2) to *** assessment and remediation decisions about the pres-ence of such channels depend on channel parameters:radial position r from the center of the borehole;channel thickness d;azimuthal positionφof the channel;and az-imuthal extentθof the *** state-of-the-art cement-bond logging technology,which uses only the first arrival at a centralized borehole receiver,can diagnose limited details about CO_(2) leak *** accurately characterize the possible leak paths in the cement,we use a 3-dimensional finite-difference method to investigate the use of the abundant data collected by a modernized monopole sonic tool that contains an array of azimuthally distributed *** also investigate how to improve the tool design to acquire even more useful *** cases where borehole fluid is either water or supercritical CO_(2),we investigate various receiver geometries,multi-modal analyses of multi-frequency data to discover the type of logging tool that provides the best information for CCS *** find that an appropriate choice of wave modes,source frequencies,source polarities,and receiver locations and off-sets provides sensitivity to d,φ,θ.The amplitude of the first arrival from a monopole source is sensitive toθ.Amplitudes at receivers at different azimuths are sensitive toφ.The slow Stoneley mode(ST2)velocity is sensitive to d,but ST2 is not easy to pick whenθand d are *** improvement is necessary to provide comprehensive information about possible flow channels in casing cement.

关键词： Greenhouse effect CO_(2)leak channel cement bond evaluation borehole acoustic logging casing wave Stoneley waves

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Subretinal transplantation of mouse retinal progenitor cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第7期6卷 500-504页

作者： Caihul Jiang maonian Zhang Henry Klassen michael Young Department of Ophthalmology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Schepens Eye Research Institute Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School Boston 02114 MA USA Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine University of California Irvine Orange 92868 CA USA

The development of cell replacement techniques is promising as a potential treatment for photoreceptor loss. However, the limited integration ability of donor and recipient cells presents a challenge following transplantation. In the present study, retinal progenitor cells （RPCs） were harvested from the neural retinas of enhanced green fluorescent protein mice on postnatal day 1, and expanded in a neurobasal medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum without endothelial growth factor. Using a confocal microscope, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that expanded RPCs in vitro maintain retinal stem cell properties and can be differentiated into photoreceptor cells. Three weeks after transplantation, subretinal transplanted RPCs were found to have migrated and integrated into the outer nuclear layer of recipient retinas with laser injury, some of the integrated cells had differentiated into photoreceptors, and a subpopulation of these cells expressed photoreceptor specific synaptic protein, appearing to form synaptic connections with bipolar cells. These results suggest that subretinal transplantation of RPCs may provide a feasible therapeutic strategy for the loss of retinal photoreceptor cells.

关键词： retinal progenitor cell expansion retinal degenerative diseases subretinal transplantation retinal photocoagulation

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Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Fifth Edition 5

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2008年

作者： michael Rutter CBE, MD, FRCP, FRCPsych, FRS, FMedSci, FBA Dorothy V. M. Bishop ma, DPhil, FBA, FMedSci Daniel S. Pine MD Stephen Scott FRCP, FRCPsych Jim Stevenson BA, MSc, PhD, CPsychol, FBPsS Eric Taylor ma, MB, FRCP, FRCPsych, FMedSci Anita Thapar MBBCH, FRCPsych, PhD

ISBN: (数字)9781444300895

ISBN: (纸本)9781405145497

Rutter’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry has become an established and accepted textbook of child psychiatry. Now completely revised and updated, the fifth edition provides a coherent appraisal of the current state of the field to help trainee and practising clinicians in their daily work. It is distinctive in being both interdisciplinary and international, in its integration of science and clinical practice, and in its practical discussion of how researchers and practitioners need to think about conflicting or uncertain findings. This new edition now offers an entirely new section on conceptual approaches, and several new chapters, including: neurochemistry and basic pharmacology brain imaging health economics psychopathology in refugees and asylum seekers bipolar disorder attachment disorders statistical methods for clinicians This leading textbook provides an accurate and comprehensive account of current knowledge, through the integration of empirical findings with clinical experience and practice, and is essential reading for professionals working in the field of child and adolescent mental health, and clinicians working in general practice and community pediatric settings.

关键词： Medical Psychiatry

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Auxin response and transport during induction of pedicel abscission in tomato

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2814-2822页

作者： Xiufen Dong Chao ma Tao Xu michael S.Reid Cai-Zhong Jiang Tianlai Li Department of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Ornamental Horticulture College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Crops Pathology&Genetic Research Unit USDA-ARSDavisCA 95616USA

Auxin plays a central role in control of organ abscission,and it is thought that changes in the auxin gradient across the abscission zone are the primary determinant of the onset of *** nature of this gradient,whether in concentration,flow,or perhaps in the response system has not conclusively been *** employed a DR5::GUS auxin response reporter system to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of the auxin response activity in response to developmental and environmental cues during pedicel abscission in *** pedicels of young and fully open flowers,auxin response,as indicated by GUS activity,was predominantly detected in the vascular tissues and was almost entirely confined to the abscission zone(AZ)and to the distal portion of the pedicel,with a striking reduction in the proximal tissues below the AZ-a‘step’,rather than a *** pollination and during early fruit development,auxin response increased substantially throughout the *** in GUS activity following treatments that caused pedicel abscission(flower removal,high temperature,darkness,ethylene,or N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid(NPA)treatment)were relatively minor,with reduced auxin response in the AZ and some reduction above and below *** of genes encoding some auxin efflux carriers(PIN)and influx carriers(AUX⁄LAX)was substantially reduced in the abscission zone of NPA-treated pedicels,and in pedicels stimulated to abscise by flower *** results suggest that changes in auxin flow distribution through the abscission zone are likely more important than the auxin response system in the regulation of abscission.

关键词： distribution transport flowers

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无卤阻燃剂在印制电路板中的应用进展

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材料导报 2010年第23期24卷 50-54,59页

作者：马丽丽包生祥 Bhanu Sood michael Pecht 电子科技大学电子薄膜与集成器件国家重点实验室中国四川成都610054 马里兰大学高级寿命循环工程中心

介绍了无卤阻燃剂标准,含卤阻燃剂的使用现状、各国禁卤法规以及各大公司无卤印制电路板(PCB)转换进程;详细分析了PCB中阻燃剂种类及其作用机理,并总结出阻燃剂主要通过切断燃烧三要素来源达到阻燃目的;最后综述了无卤PCB开发现状及其... 详细信息

介绍了无卤阻燃剂标准,含卤阻燃剂的使用现状、各国禁卤法规以及各大公司无卤印制电路板(PCB)转换进程;详细分析了PCB中阻燃剂种类及其作用机理,并总结出阻燃剂主要通过切断燃烧三要素来源达到阻燃目的;最后综述了无卤PCB开发现状及其失效和可靠性分析现状。由于新型电子产品对PCB的性能要求愈来愈高,同时又要满足无卤无铅的环保要求,单一阻燃剂很难达到要求,因此多种阻燃剂的协同作用是目前研究的热点方向之一。目前对于使用无卤基板材料后电子产品失效及可靠性方面的参考资料较少,也是需要进一步研究的方向之一。

关键词：无卤阻燃剂印制电路板法规可靠性

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系列科幻电影的影像探索和技术升级——与刘寅、魏明谈《流浪地球2》的视觉实现

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电影艺术 2023年第2期 135-140页

作者：马驰吕伟毅中国艺术研究院研究生院影视学系中国戏曲学院舞台美术系

相较于前作,《流浪地球2》在视觉技术运用与影像效果探索层面极具创新性。从前期筹备到整体视觉概念与美学风格的确立,直至银幕最终视觉影像的呈现,视效与摄影等创作部门协同合作,运用游戏引擎、数字资产、虚拟摄影、实时渲染以及非线... 详细信息

相较于前作,《流浪地球2》在视觉技术运用与影像效果探索层面极具创新性。从前期筹备到整体视觉概念与美学风格的确立,直至银幕最终视觉影像的呈现,视效与摄影等创作部门协同合作,运用游戏引擎、数字资产、虚拟摄影、实时渲染以及非线性制作流程等技术手段,既有效激发不同专业创作者的专业优长与艺术想象力,又在协同合作的基础上聚合起强大的艺术创造力,为当下中国科幻电影的创作提供了有价值的参考。

关键词：视觉概念虚拟制作虚拟摄影数字资产

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South Galactic Cap u-band Sky Survey(SCUSS):Project Overview

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期16卷 133-144页

作者： Xu Zhou Xiao-Hui Fan Zhou Fan Bo-Liang He Lin-Hua Jiang Zhao-Ji Jiang Yi-Peng Jing michael Lesser Jun ma Jun-Dan Nie Shi-Yin Shen Jia-Li Wang Zhen-Yu Wu Tian-Meng Zhang Zhi-Min Zhou Hu Zou Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Steward Observatory University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics Department of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The South Galactic Cap u-band Sky Survey （SCUSS） was established in 2009 in order to provide a photometric input catalog for target selection of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope （LAMOST） project. SCUSS is an international cooperative project between National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona, using the 90 inch （2.3 m） Bok telescope on Kitt Peak. The telescope is equipped with a prime focus camera that is composed of a mosaic of four 4096 × 4096 CCDs and has a field of view of about 1 deg2. From 2009 to 2013, SCUSS performed a sky survey of an approximately 5000 deg2 field of the South Galactic Cap in u band, including the Galactic anticenter area and the SDSS-IV extended imaging area. The limiting magnitude of SCUSS is deeper than 23 mag （at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5）. In this paper, we briefly describe the goals of this project, method of observations and data reduction, and we also introduce current and potential scientific activities related to the SCUSS project.

关键词： observation: sky survey -- techniques: data reduction -- objects: stars and galaxies

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Growth factor receptors and related signalling pathways as targets for novel treatment strategies of hepatocellular cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 1-14页

作者： michael Hpfner Detlef Schuppan Hans Scherübl Institute of Physiology Charité-Universittsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin 12200 Germany Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 United States Klinik für Innere Medizin Gastroenterologie und Gastrointestinale Onkologie Klinikum am Urban Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit Berlin 10967 Germany

Growth factors and their corresponding receptors are commonly overexpressed and/or dysregulated in many cancers including hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Clinical trials indicate that growth factor receptors and their related signalling pathways play important roles in HCC cancer etiology and progression, thus providing rational targets for innovative cancer therapies. A number of strategies including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors ("small molecule inhibitors") and antisense oligonucleotides have already been evaluated for their potency to inhibit the activity and downstream signalling cascades of these receptors in HCC. First clinical trials have also shown that multi-kinase inhibition is an effective novel treatment strategy in HCC. In this respect sorafenib, an inhibitor of Raf-, VEGF- and PDGF-signalling, is the first multi-kinase inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced HCC. Moreover, the serine-threonine kinase of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) upon which the signalling of several growth factor receptors converge plays a central role in cancer cell proliferation. mTOR inhibition of HCC is currently also being studied in preclinical trials. As HCCs represent hypervascularized neoplasms, inhibition of tumour vessel formation via interfering with the VEGF/VEGFR system is another promising approach in HCC treatment. This review will summarize the current status of the various growth factor receptor-based treatment strategies and in view of the multitude of novel targeted approaches, the rationale for combination therapies for advanced HCC treatment will also be taken into account.

关键词：肝细胞癌生长因子受体小分子抑制剂治疗策略

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