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Antenatal corticosteroids in COVID-19 perspective

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World Journal of Experimental medicine 2021年第4期11卷 37-43页

作者： Alex C Vidaeff Kjersti m Aagaard michael A Belfort Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineTexas Children’s HospitalBaylor College MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States

The aim of this manuscript is to discuss the practice of antenatal corticosteroids administration for fetal maturation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive pregnant *** high-quality evidence supports the use of dexamethasone in the treatment of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Randomized disease outcome data have identified an association between disease stage and treatment *** contrast to patients with more severe forms who benefit from dexamethasone,patients with mild disease do not appear to improve and may even be harmed by this ***,indiscriminate usage of fluorinated corticosteroids for fetal maturation,regardless of disease trajectory,is *** care needs to be adjusted during the COVID-19 pandemic with careful attention paid to candidate selection and risk stratification.

关键词： Antenatal corticosteroids COVID-19 Dexamethasone Pregnancy SARSCoV-2 Preterm delivery

Neoadjuvant treatment strategies for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第10期12卷 693-708页

作者： Clifford Akateh Aslam m Ejaz Timothy michael Pawlik Jordan m Cloyd Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is the second most common primary liver malignancy and is increasing in ***-term outcomes are optimized when patients undergo margin-negative resection followed by adjuvant ***,a significant proportion of patients present with locally advanced,unresectable ***,recurrence rates are high even among patients who undergo surgical *** delivery of systemic and/or liver-directed therapies prior to surgery may increase the proportion of patients who are eligible for surgery and reduce recurrence rates by prioritizing early systemic therapy for this aggressive ***,the available evidence for neoadjuvant therapy in ICC is currently limited yet recent advances in liver directed therapies,chemotherapy regimens,and targeted therapies have generated increasing interest its *** this article,we review the rationale for,current evidence for,and ongoing research efforts in the use of neoadjuvant therapy for ICC.

关键词： Biliary tract cancer Preoperative therapy Conversion therapy Down-staging Hepatectomy Liver resection

Unanticipated multiple seam stresses from pillar systems behaving as pseudo gob–case histories

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 131-137页

作者： Gauna michael mark Christopher Pittsburgh Safety and Health Technology Center Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA)PittsburghPA 15236USA

Underground coal mining in the U.S. is conducted in numerous regions where previous workings exist above and/or below an actively mined seam. miners know that overlying or underlying fully extracted coal areas, also known as gob regions, can result in abutment stresses that affect the active mining. If there was no full extraction, and the past mining consists entirely of intact pillars, the stresses on the active seam are usually minimal. However, experience has shown that in some situations there has been sufficient yielding in overlying or underlying pillar systems to cause stress transfer to the adjoining larger pillars or barriers, which in turn, transfer significant stresses onto the workings of the active seam. In other words, the overlying or underlying pillar system behaves as a ‘‘pseudo gob." The presence of a pseudo gob is often unexpected, and the consequences can be severe. This paper presents several case histories, summarized briefly below, that illustrate pseudo gob phenomenon:(1) pillar rib degradation at a West Virginia mine at 335 m depth that contributed to a rib roll fatality,(2) pillar rib deterioration at a Western Kentucky mine at 175 m depth that required pillar size adjustment and installation of supplemental bolting,(3) roof deterioration at an eastern Kentucky mine at 400 m depth that stopped mine advance and required redirecting the section development,(4) coal burst on development at an eastern Kentucky mine at 520 m depth that had no nearby pillar recovery, and(5) coal burst on development at a West Virginia mine at the relatively shallow depth of 335 m that also had no nearby pillar recovery. The paper provides guidance so that when an operation encounters a potential pseudo gob stress interaction the hazard can be mitigated based on an understanding of the mechanism encountered.

关键词： Underground mining Coal multiple seam Gob Ground control

Freestanding region-responsive bilayer for functional packaging of ingestible devices

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 285-295页

作者： michael A.Straker Joshua A.Levy Justin m.Stine Vivian Borbash Luke A.Beardslee Reza Ghodssi Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Institute for Systems Research University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA Robert E.Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20850USA Department of material Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Ingestible capsules have the potential to become an attractive alternative to traditional means of treating and detecting gastrointestinal(GI)*** device complexity increases,so too does the demand for more effective capsule packaging technologies to elegantly target specific GI *** pH-responsive coatings have been traditionally used for the passive targeting of specific GI regions,their application is limited due to the geometric restrictions imposed by standard coating ***,pan,and spray coating methods only enable the protection of microscale unsupported openings against the harsh GI ***,some emerging technologies have millimeter-scale components for performing functions such as sensing and drug *** this end,we present the freestanding region-responsive bilayer(FRRB),a packaging technology for ingestible capsules that can be readily applied for various functional ingestible capsule *** bilayer is composed of rigid polyethylene glycol(PEG)under a flexible pH-responsive Eudragit®FL 30 D 55,which protects the contents of the capsule until it arrives in the targeted intestinal *** FRRB can be fabricated in a multitude of shapes that facilitate various functional packaging mechanisms,some of which are demonstrated *** this paper,we characterize and validate the use of this technology in a simulated intestinal environment,confirming that the FRRB can be tuned for small intestinal *** also show a case example where the FRRB is used to protect and expose a thermomechanical actuator for targeted drug delivery.

关键词： coating packaging attractive

GANscan:continuous scanning microscopy using deep learning deblurring

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2378-2387页

作者： michael John Fanous Gabriel Popescu Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign306 N.Wright StreetUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign306 N.Wright StreetUrbanaIL 61801USA

most whole slide imaging(WSI)systems today rely on the"stop-and-stare"approach,where,at each field of view,the scanning stage is brought to a complete stop before the camera snaps a *** procedure ensures that each image is free of motion blur,which comes at the expense of long acquisition *** order to speed up the acquisition process,especially for large scanning areas,such as pathology slides,we developed an acquisition method in which the data is acquired continuously while the stage is moving at high *** generative adversarial networks(GANs),we demonstrate this ultra-fast imaging approach,referred to as GANscan,which restores sharp images from motion blurred *** allows us to complete image acquisitions at 30x the throughput of stop-and-stare *** method is implemented on a Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 microscope,requires no specialized hardware,and accomplishes successful reconstructions at stage speeds of up to 5000 μm/*** validate the proposed method by imaging H&E stained tissue *** method not only retrieves crisp images from fast,continuous scans,but also adjusts for defocusing that occurs during scanning within+/-5 μ*** a consumer GPU,the inference runs atms/image.

关键词： hardware continuous image

modulation of individual components of gastric motor response to duodenal glucose

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第35期19卷 5863-5869页

作者： Adam m Deane Laura K Besanko Carly m Burgstad marianne J Chapman michael Horowitz Robert JL Fraser Discipline of Acute Care medicine University of Adelaide Intensive Care Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital National Health and medical Research Council of Australia Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology and Outcomes Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Discipline of medicine University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital

AIm:To evaluate individual components of the antro-pyloro-duodenal(APD)motor response to graded small intestinal glucose infusions in healthy ***:APD manometry was performed in 15healthy subjects(12 male;40±5 years,body mass index 26.5±1.6 kg/m2)during four 20-min intraduodenal infusions of glucose at 0,0.5,1.0 and 1.5 kcal/min,in a randomised double-blinded *** solutions were infused at a rate of 1 mL/min and separated by 40-min"wash-out"*** are mean±*** analyses are repeated measure analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc ***:At 0 kcal/min frequency of pressure waves were:antrum(7.5±1.8 waves/20 min)and isolated pyloric pressure waves(IPPWs)(8.0±2.3 waves/20min)with pyloric tone(0.0±0.9 mmHg).Intraduodenal glucose infusion acutely increased IPPW frequency(Pmulation was observed at 1.0 kcal/min for pyloric phasic pressure waves(P=0.002)and 1.5 kcal/min for pyloric tone and antral ***:There is hierarchy for the activation of gastrointestinal motor responses to duodenal glucose *** increase in IPPWs is the first response observed.

关键词： Glucose Gastrointestinal motility Pyloric Antral Duodenum manometry motor activity Blood glucose

A pilot study of the association between genetic polymorphisms involved in estrogen signaling and infant male genital phenotypes

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 766-772页

作者： Sheela Sathyanarayana Shanna H Swan Federico m Farin Hui-Wen Wilkerson michael Bamshad Richard Grady Chuan Zhou Stephen m Schwartzy Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Center for Child Health Behaviorand DevelopmentSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWA 98105USA Department of Preventive medicine Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10029USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Genome Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Pediatric Urology Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWA 98105USA Department of Epidemiology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Epidemiology Program Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA 98109USA

Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in genes that influence development of the male reproductive tract have been associated with male genitourinary abnormalities. However, no studies have tested the relationship between SNPs and intermediate phenotypes such as anogenital distance （AGD）, anoscrotal distance （ASD） and penile width （PW）. We tested whether 24 common SNPs in eight genes that influence male genital development were associated with intermediate phenotypes in 106 healthy male infants from the Study for Future Families. We used DNA from buccal smears and linear regression models to assess the relationship between anogenital measurements and SNP genotypes with adjustment for covariates. We found that the rs2077647 G allele, located in the coding region of estrogen receptor alpha （ESR1）, was associated with a shorter AGD （P=0.02; -7.3 mm, 95% confidence interval （CI）： -11.6 to -3.1）, and the rs10475 T allele, located in the 3＇ untranslated region of activating transcription factor 3 （ATF3）, was associated with a shorter ASD （-4.3 mm, 95% Ch -7.2 to -1.4）, although this result was not significant （P=0.07） after controlling for multiple comparisons. We observed no association between PW and the SNPs tested. minor alleles for two SNPs in genes that regulate estrogen signaling during male genital development were associated with AGD and ASD, although the significance of the association was marginal. Our findings suggest that AGD and ASD are influenced by heritable factors in genes known to be associated with frank male genital abnormalities such as hvpospadias and crvotorchidism.

关键词： gene hypospadias male phenotype polymorphism reproductive

Do coyotes Canis latrans influence occupancy ot prey in suburban forest fragments？

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 1-6页

作者： Brandon m. JONES michael V. COVE marcus A. LASHLEY Victoria L. JACKSON Department of Biology and Agriculture University of Central Missouri Warrensburg M0 64093 USA Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA

With the extirpation of apex predators from many North American systems, coyotes Canis latrans have become the de facto top predator and are ubiquitous members of most ecosystems. Keystone predators aid in maintaining ecosystem function by regulating the mammal community through direct predation and instilling the landscape of fear, yet the value of coyotes regulating systems to this capacity is understudied and likely variable across environments. Since coyotes are common in the midwestern United States, we utilized camera traps and occupancy analyses to as- sess their role in regulating the distribution of mammalian herbivores in a fragmented suburban ecosystem. Forest cover was a strong positive predictor of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus detection, while coyote occurrence had a negative effect. Coyotes exerted a negative effect on squirrel （Sciurus spp.） and eastern cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus occurrence, while urban cover was a positive predictor for the prey species＇ occurrence. These results suggest all 3 species behaviorally avoid coyotes whereby deer seek denser forest cover and squirrels and cottontails mitigate risk by increasing use of urban areas. Although previous studies reveal limited influence of coyote on the rest of the carnivore guild in suburban systems, we suggest coyotes play an important role in regulating the herbivorous mammals and hence may provide similar eco- logical, benefits in urban/suburban forest fragments through trophic cascades. Furthermore, since hunting may not be allowed in urban and suburban habitats, coyotes might also serve as the pri- mary regulator of nuisance species occurring at high abundance such as white-tailed deer and squirrels.

关键词： camera traps coyote deer rabbit squirrel urban wildlife.

Environmental variation shifts the relationship between trees and scatterhoarders along the continuum from mutualism to antagonism

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 319-330页

作者： Gina m.SAWAYA Adam S.GOLDBERG michael A.STEELE Harmony J.DALGLEISH Department of Biology College of William and MaryWilliamsburgVirginiaUSA Department of Biology Wilkes UniversityWilkes-BarrePennsylvaniaUSA

The conditional mutualism between scatterhoarders and trees varies on a continuum from mutualism to antagonism and can change across time and space,and among *** examined 4 tree species(red oak[Quercus rubra],white oak[Quercus alba],American chestnut[Castanea dentata]and hybrid chestnut[***×Castanea] mollissima)across 5 sites and 3 years to quantify the variability in this conditional *** used a published model to compare the rates of seed emergence with and without burial to the probability that seeds will be cached and left uneaten by scatterhoarders to quantify variation in the conditional mutualism that can be explained by environmental variation among sites,years,species,and seed provenance within *** species tested had increased emergence when ***,comparing benefits of burial to the probability of caching by scatterhoarders indicated a mutualism in red oak,while white oak was nearly always *** was variable around the boundary between mutualism and antagonism,indicating a high degree of context dependence in the relationship with *** found that different seed provenances did not vary in their potential for *** did not explain microsite differences in seed emergence in any of the species *** hybrid chestnut only,emergence on the surface declined with soil moisture in the *** quantifying the variation in the conditional mutualism that was not caused by changes in scatterhoarder behavior,we show that environmental conditions and seed traits are an important and underappreciated component of the variation in the relationship between trees and scatterhoarders.

关键词： Castanea dentata conditional mutualism Quercus alba Quercus rubra temperate forest