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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2017年第4期31卷 226-232页

作者： michael kramer

German and Chinese astronomers are working together on using pulsars to detect low frequency gravitational waves and other gravitational physics in space.

关键词：波浪重力迈克尔低频率光谱北京波恩博士

Galactic interstellar scintillation observed from four globular cluster pulsars by FAST

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中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 119-127页

作者： Dandan Zhang Zhenzhao Tao Mao Yuan Jumei Yao Pei Wang Qijun Zhi Weiwei Zhu Xun Shi michael kramer Di Li Lei Zhang Guangxing Li School of Mathematical Sciences School of Physics and Electronic SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing Guiyang 550001China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research(SWIFAR) Yunnan UniversityKunming 650000China Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Max-Planck Institut fr Radioastronomie Bonn D-53121Germany Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Computational Astronomy Platform Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China

We report detections of scintillation arcs for pulsars in globular clusters M5,M13 and M15 for the first time using the Fivehundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).From observations of these arcs at multiple epochs,we infer that screen-like scattering medium exists at distances 4.1_(-0.3)^(+0.2),6.7_(-0.2)^(+0.2)and 1.3_(-1.0)^(+0.7) kpc from Earth in the directions of M5,M13 and M15,respectively.This means M5's and M13's scattering screens are located at 3.0_(-0.2)^(+0.1) and 4.4_(-0.1)^(+0.1) kpc above the galactic plane,whereas,M15's is at 0.6_(-0.5)^(+0.3) kpc below the plane.We estimate the scintillation timescale and decorrelation bandwidth for each pulsar at each epoch using the one-dimensional auto-correlation in frequency and time of the dynamic spectra.We found that the boundary of the Local Bubble may have caused the scattering of M15,and detected the most distant off-plane scattering screens to date through pulsar scintillation,which provides evidence for understanding the medium circulation in the Milky Way.

关键词： pulsars scintillation globular clusters

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爱因斯坦的终极实验室

中国国家天文 2010年第8期4卷 124-128,129-130页

作者： michael kramer 谢天（译）德国马普射电天文研究所不详

1609年伽利略把望远镜对准了天空，开启了现代天文学。从那时起，现代科学和天文学就把我们和宇宙连在了一起，使得我们可以诘问，在地球上得出的物理定律，在外太空也成立吗？其中最让人感兴趣的一项是引力，牛顿用它解释了苹果的下落... 详细信息

1609年伽利略把望远镜对准了天空，开启了现代天文学。从那时起，现代科学和天文学就把我们和宇宙连在了一起，使得我们可以诘问，在地球上得出的物理定律，在外太空也成立吗？其中最让人感兴趣的一项是引力，牛顿用它解释了苹果的下落和行星的运动。虽然引力决定了宇宙的演化，但它却极其徽弱。尽管你可能非常难以接受这个观点，但是一个电子和一个质子之间的电磁力的确要比它们之间的引力强10倍～40倍。

关键词：爱因斯坦实验室现代科学物理定律天文学望远镜伽利略外太空

Reported Child Health Benefits of Breastfeeding

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Reported Child Health Benefits of Breastfeeding

照片的声音是什么样的?——作为联觉视听数字人文方法的数字图像可听化

国际发育与疾病高峰论坛暨第六届儿童保健高层论坛、重庆市儿科年会

作者： michael S.kramer

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数字人文研究 2022年第4期2卷 63-73页

作者：迈克尔·J.克莱默朱子彤(译) 纽约州立大学布拉克波特学院历史系北京大学

计算机具有将像素、形状和其他视觉材料特征转化为声音的能力。通过视觉与听觉之间的数据关联行为,一个以视觉为来源的声波组合得以生成,这是一种新的人工制品(artifact)。它精确地与原作数据相关联,从而提供了一种新的方式感知原作的... 详细信息

计算机具有将像素、形状和其他视觉材料特征转化为声音的能力。通过视觉与听觉之间的数据关联行为,一个以视觉为来源的声波组合得以生成,这是一种新的人工制品(artifact)。它精确地与原作数据相关联,从而提供了一种新的方式感知原作的形式、内容和背景。虽然它看起来似乎是将视觉对象扭转为一个听觉对象,但矛盾的是,它使观察者能够以更精确的方式重新观察视觉证据。通过跨越影像与音频、视觉与听觉之间的典型界线,一种具生产性的、联觉(synesthetic)的批判成为可能。通过对数据进行数字转置,听取和观察视觉作品,可以更好地进行近读,实现更具说服力的解释及更深入的理解背景。基于作者早期关于图像故障、可听化处理的学术工作,文章对美国著名歌手琼·贝兹1960年代初在加州伯克利希腊露天剧场演出的一张照片进行了研究。这张照片出自作者对伯克利民谣音乐节和美国西海岸民谣音乐复兴历史的研究项目。在此,数字图像可听化处理的使用尤为有趣。尽管不能魔术般地还原出照片里的音乐,但是我们可以更切近地关注照片中的“声音幽灵”。数字图像的可听化技术虽然无法还原音乐本身,但是在观察照片中贝兹如何创作音乐时,它确实有助于放大性别、权力、具化、场面、表演、等级制度和表现等问题。通过耳朵和眼睛来对图像进行多重意义的扫描,可以产生一些意想不到的感知,从而支持更具启发性的分析。由数据、信号、图像、声音、历史和人类感知构成的“赛博格舞蹈”在数字图像可听化中出现了,这激发了对视觉材料的新审视。照此,视听数字人文的联觉模式为激活学术想象力提供了一条充满希望的新途径。

关键词：联觉视听数字人文数字图像可听化琼·贝兹

Establishment,functional and genetic characterization of a colon derived large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第33期24卷 3749-3759页

作者： michael Gock Christina S Mullins Christine Harnack Friedrich Prall Robert Ramer Anja Goder Oliver H kramer Ernst Klar michael Linnebacher Department of General Surgery University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Department of General Surgery Section of Molecular Oncology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Pathology University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Pharmacology University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Toxicology University Medical Center MainzMainz 55131Germany

AIM To establish cell line and patient-derived xenograft(PDX) models for neuroendocrine carcinomas(NEC) which is highly desirable for gaining insight into tumor development as well as preclinical research includingbiomarker testing and drug response prediction.METHODS Cell line establishment was conducted from direct in vitro culturing of colonic NEC tissue(HROC57). A PDX could also successfully be established from vitally frozen tumor samples. Morphological features, invasive and migratory behavior of the HROC57 cells as well as expression of neuroendocrine markers were vastly analyzed. Phenotypic analysis was done by microscopy and multicolor flow cytometry. The extensive molecular-pathological profiling included mutation analysis, assessment of chromosomal and microsatellite instability; and in addition, fingerprinting(i.e., STR analysis) was performed from the cell line in direct comparison to primary patient-derived tissues and the PDX model established. Drug responsiveness was examined for a panel of chemotherapeutics in clinical use for the treatment of solid cancers.RESULTS The established cell line HROC57 showed distinct morphological and molecular features of a poorly differentiated large-cell NEC with KI-67 > 50%. Molecular-pathological analysis revealed a Cp G island promoter methylation positive cell line with microsatellite instability being absent. The following mutation profile was observed: KRAS(wt), BRAF(mut). A high sensitivity to etoposide, cisplatin and 5-FU could be demonstrated while it was more resistant towards rapamycin. CONCLUSION We successfully established and characterized a novel patient-derived NEC cell line in parallel to a PDX model as a useful tool for further analysis of the biological characteristics and for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options for NEC.

关键词： Patient-derived tumor model Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Individualized medicine

Establishment,functional and genetic characterization of three novel patient-derived rectal cancer cell lines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第43期24卷 4880-4892页

作者： michael Gock Christina S Mullins Carina Bergner Friedrich Prall Robert Ramer Anja Goder Oliver H kramer Falko Lange Bernd J Krause Ernst Klar michael Linnebacher Department of General Surgery University Medical CenterRostock 18055Germany Section of Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy University MedicalCenterRostock 18055Germany Department of NuclearMedicine University Medical CenterRostock 18055Germany Institute of Pathology University MedicalCenterRostock 18055Germany Institute of Pharmacology University Medical CenterRostock 18055Germany Institute of Toxicology University Medical Center MainzMainz 55131Germany Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology University Medical CenterRostock 18055Germany

AIM To establish patient-individual tumor models of rectal cancer for analyses of novel biomarkers, individual response prediction and individual therapy regimens.METHODS Establishment of cell lines was conducted by direct in vitro culturing and in vivo xenografting with subsequent in vitro culturing. Cell lines were in-depth characterized concerning morphological features, invasive and migratory behavior, phenotype, molecular profile including mutational analysis, protein expression, and confirmation of origin by DNA fingerprint. Assessment of chemosensitivity towards an extensive range of current chemotherapeutic drugs and of radiosensitivity was performed including analysis of a combined radioand chemotherapeutic treatment. In addition, glucose metabolism was assessed with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) and proliferation with 18 F-fluorothymidine.RESULTS We describe the establishment of ultra-low passage rectal cancer cell lines of three patients suffering from rectal cancer. Two cell lines(HROC126, HROC284 Met) were established directly from tumor specimens while HROC239 T0 M1 was established subsequent to xenografting of the tumor. Molecular analysis classified all three cell lines as CIMP-0/non-MSI-H(sporadic standard) type. Mutational analysis revealed following mutational profiles: HROC126: APC^(wt), TP53^(wt), KRAS^(wt), BRAF^(wt), PTEN^(wt); HROC239 T0 M1: APC^(mut), P53^(wt), KRAS^(mut), BRAF^(wt), PTEN^(mut) and HROC284 Met: APC^(wt), P53^(mut), KRAS^(mut), BRAF^(wt), PTEN^(mut). All cell lines could be characterized as epithelial(EpCAM+) tumor cells with equivalent morphologic features and comparable growth kinetics. The cell lines displayed a heterogeneous response toward chemotherapy, radiotherapy and their combined application. HROC126 showed a highly radio-resistant phenotype and HROC284 Met was more susceptible to a combined radiochemotherapy than HROC126 and HROC239 T0 M1. Analysis of 18 F-FDG uptake displayed a markedly reduced FDG uptake of all three cell lines after combined radiochemotherapy.

关键词： Patient-derived tumor model Rectal cancer ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ^(18)F-fluorothymidine FOLFOX FOLFIRI Personalized medicine

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis:risk factors,clinical course,and visual outcome in 13 patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第1期14卷 97-105页

作者： Jamel Corredores Itzhak Hemo Tareq Jaouni Zohar Habot-Wilner Michal kramer Shiri Shulman Haneen Jabaly-Habib Ala'a Al-Talbishi michael Halpert Edward Averbukh Jaime Levy Iris Deitch-Harel Radgonde Amer Department of Ophthalmology Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalem 91240Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityTel Avi 6997801Israel Division of Ophthalmology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel Aviv 64239Israel Division of Ophthalmology Rabin Medical CenterPetah Tikva 49100Israel Department of Ophthalmology Poriya Medical CenterTiberias 1528001Israel St John Eye Hospital Jerusalem 91198Israel Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 9112102Israel

AIM:To analyze the risk factors,ophthalmological features,treatment modalities and their effect on the visual outcome in patients with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis(EFE).METHODS:Data retrieved from the medical files included age at presentation to the uveitis clinic,gender,ocular symptoms and their duration before presentation,history of fever,eye affected,anatomical diagnosis and laboratory evidence of fungal infection.Medical therapy recorded included systemic antifungal therapy and its duration,use of intravitreal antifungal agents and use of oral/intravitreal steroids.Surgical procedures and the data of ophthalmologic examination at presentation and at last follow-up were also collected.RESULTS:Included were 13 patients(20 eyes,mean age 58 y).Ten patients presented after gastrointestinal or urological interventions and two presented after organ transplantation.In one patient,there was no history of previous intervention.Diagnostic vitrectomy was performed in 16 eyes(80%)and vitreous cultures were positive in 10 of the vitrectomized eyes(62.5%).In only 4 patients(31%),blood cultures were positive.All patients received systemic antifungal therapy.Sixteen eyes(80%)received intravitreal antifungal agent with voriconazole being the most commonly used.Visual acuity(VA)improved from 0.9±0.9 at initial exam to 0.5±0.8 logMAR at last followup(P=0.03).A trend of greater visual improvement was noted in favor of eyes treated with oral steroids(±intravitreal dexamethasone)than eyes that were not treated with steroids.The most common complication was maculopathy.Twelve eyes(60%)showed no ocular complications.CONCLUSION:High index of suspicion in patients with inciting risk factors is essential because of the low yield of blood cultures and the good general condition of patients at presentation.Visual prognosis is improved with the prompt institution of systemic and intravitreal pharmacotherapy and the immediate surgical intervention.Oral±local steroids could be considered in cases of prolonged or marked inflammatory re

关键词： endophthalmitis endogenous fungal endophthalmitis endogenous endophthalmitis fungal endophthalmitis candida endophthalmitis

Outcomes following liver transplantation in intensive care unit patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第1期5卷 26-32页

作者： Lena Sibulesky michael G Heckman C Burcin Taner Juan M Canabal Nancy N Diehl Dana K Perry Darren L Willingham Surakit Pungpapong Barry G Rosser David J kramer Justin H Nguyen Department of Transplantation Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32225United States Biostatistics Unit Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32225United States Departments of Transplantation and Critical Care Medicine Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32225United States Department of Critical Care Medicine and Internal Medicine Aurora Health CareMilwaukeeWI 53204United States

AIM:To determine feasibility of liver transplantation in patients from the intensive care unit (ICU) by estimating graft and patient survival.METHODS:This single center retrospective study included 39 patients who had their first liver transplant directly from the intensive care unit and 927 non-ICU patients who were transplanted from hospital ward or home between January 2005 and December 2010.RESULTS:In comparison to non-ICU patients,ICU patients had a higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) at transplant (median:37 vs 20,P < 0.001).Fourteen out of 39 patients (36%) required vasopressor support immediately prior to liver transplantation (LT) with 6 patients (15%) requiring both vasopressin and norepinephrine.Sixteen ICU patients (41%) were ventilator dependent immediately prior to LT with 9 patients undergoing percutaneous tracheostomy prior to transplantation.Twenty-five ICU patients (64%) required dialysis preoperatively.At 1,3 and 5 years after LT,graft survival was 76%,68% and 62% in ICU patients vs 90%,81% and 75% in non-ICU patients.Patient survival at 1,3 and 5 years after LT was 78%,70% and 65% in ICU patients vs 94%,85% and 79% in non-ICU patients.When formally comparing graft survival and patient survival between ICU and nonICU patients using Cox proportional hazards regression models,both graft survival [relative risk (RR):1.94,95%CI:1.09-3.48,P=0.026] and patient survival (RR:2.32,95%CI:1.26-4.27,P=0.007) were lower in ICU patients vs non-ICU patients in single variable analysis.These findings were consistent in multivariable analysis.Although not statistically significant,graft survival was worse in both patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis (RR:3.29,P=0.056) and patients who received donor after cardiac death (DCD) grafts (RR:3.38,P=0.060).These findings reached statistical significance when considering patient survival,which was worse for patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis (RR:3.97,P=0.031) and patients who were transplanted with DCD livers (RR:4.19,P=0.033).Graft survival and patient surv

关键词： Donor pool Donor outcomes Onor after cardiac death grafts Liver graft survival Patient survival

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射电望远镜的巅峰之作

中国国家天文 2008年第7期2卷 114-119页

作者： Joseph Lazio, michael kramer 洋溢（译）

随着新世纪的到来，射电望远镜在宇宙探索中发挥着越来越大的作用，可能能解答诸如生命起源和时空本质等重大科学问题。

关键词：射电望远镜宇宙探索科学问题生命起源