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Whispered Tuning: Data Privacy Preservation in Fine-Tuning LLMs through Differential Privacy

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 1-22页

作者： Tanmay Singh Harshvardhan Aditya Vijay k. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various sectors underscored the urgency of addressing potential privacy breaches. Vulnerabilities, such as prompt injection attack. and other adversarial tactics, could mak. these models inadvertently disclose their training data. Such disclosures could compromise personal identifiable information, posing significant privacy risk.. In this paper, we proposed a novel multi-faceted approach called Whispered Tuning to address privacy leak. in large language models (LLMs). We integrated a PII redaction model, differential privacy techniques, and an output filter into the LLM fine-tuning process to enhance confidentiality. Additionally, we introduced novel ideas lik. the Epsilon Dial for adjustable privacy budgeting for differentiated Training Phases per data handler role. Through empirical validation, including attack. on non-private models, we demonstrated the robustness of our proposed solution SecureNLP in safeguarding privacy without compromising utility. This pioneering methodology significantly fortified LLMs against privacy infringements, enabling responsible adoption across sectors.

关键词： NLP Differential Privacy Adversarial Attack. Informed Decisions

From seawater to hydrogen via direct photocatalytic vapor splitting: A review on device design and system integration

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第3期18卷 291-307页

作者： Hongxia LI k.aja WAHAB AHMED Mohamed A.ABDELSALAM michael FOWLER Xiao-Yu WU Technology Innovation Institute Masdar CityAbu Dhabi 9639United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi 127788United Arab Emirates Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Solar-driven hydrogen production from seawater attracts great interest for its emerging role in decarbonizing global energy consumption. Given the complexity of natural seawater content, photocatalytic vapor splitting offers a low-cost and safe solution, but with a very low solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. With a focus on cutting-edge photothermal–photocatalytic device design and system integration, the recent research advances on vapor splitting from seawater, as well as industrial implementations in the past decades were reviewed. In addition, the design strategies of the k.y processes were reviewed, including vapor temperature and pressure control during solar thermal vapor generation from seawater, capillary-fed vaporization with salt repellent, and direct photocatalytic vapor splitting for hydrogen production. Moreover, the existing laboratory-scale and industrial-scale systems, and the integration principles and remaining challenges in the future seawater-to-hydrogen technology were discussed.

关键词： seawater hydrogen photocatalytic vapor splitting solar-driven

Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1980-1995页

作者： k.k. Nishihara Clothilde Villot Lautaro Cangiano Le Luo Guan michael Steele Department of Animal Biosciences Animal Science and NutritionUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 1Y2Canada Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5Canada Lallemand SAS Blagnac F‑31702France Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Present Address:Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

Back.round As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week.of life,understanding how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal *** probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune *** objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and growth on colon mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune *** Twenty Holstein bull calves received no supplementation(CON)or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii(SCB)from birth to 5 d of *** tissue biopsies were tak.n within 2 h of life(D0)before the first colostrum feeding and 3 h after the morning feeding at d 5 of age(D5)to analyze mucosa-attached bacteria and colon *** sequencing showed that there was no difference inαandβdiversity of mucosa-attached bacteria between day and treatment,but bacteria related to diarrhea were more abundant in the colon mucosa on D0 compared to *** addition,q PCR indicated that the absolute abundance of Escherichia coli(***)decreased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to D0;however,that of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,which could competitively exclude ***,increased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to ***-sequencing showed that there were no differentially expressed genes between CON and SCB,but suggested that pathways related to viral infection such as“Interferon Signaling”were activated in the colon mucosa of D5 compared to *** Growth affected mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function in the colon mucosa during the first 5 d of life in dairy calves independently of SCB *** early life,opportunistic pathogens may decrease due to intestinal environmental changes by beneficial bacteria and/or host immune *** activation

关键词： Colon biopsy Dairy calves RNA-sequencing Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing

Sleep-based neuronal oscillations as a physiological biomark.r for Alzheimer's disease:is night time the right time?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1417-1418页

作者： Jonathan Witton Erica S.Brady michael T.Craig Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEnglandUK Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease San FranciscoCAUSA School of Psychology and Neuroscience College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK

Dementia is a devastating syndrome characterized by memory problems,confusion,and behavior changes that prevent people from performing everyday *** is the leading cause of dependency and disability amongst older people,resulting in a global economic cost of ~$1.3 *** 58 million people are currently afflicted by dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer s disease(AD) causing most(60-70%) of these cases.

关键词： Alzheimer everyday performing

Correlation Between Oncostatin M and Acute Ischemic Strok.

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Correlation Between Oncostatin M and Acute Ischemic Stroke

作者： michael CHRISTIAN 重庆医科大学

学位级别：硕士

Smaller & Smarter: Score-Driven Network.Chaining of Smaller Language Models

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 23-42页

作者： Gunik. Dhingra Siddansh Chawla Vijay k. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

With the continuous evolution and expanding applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been a noticeable surge in the size of the emerging models. It is not solely the growth in model size, primarily measured by the number of parameters, but also the subsequent escalation in computational demands, hardware and software prerequisites for training, all culminating in a substantial financial investment as well. In this paper, we present novel techniques lik. supervision, parallelization, and scoring functions to get better results out of chains of smaller language models, rather than relying solely on scaling up model size. Firstly, we propose an approach to quantify the performance of a Smaller Language Models (SLM) by introducing a corresponding supervisor model that incrementally corrects the encountered errors. Secondly, we propose an approach to utilize two smaller language models (in a network. performing the same task.and retrieving the best relevant output from the two, ensuring peak.performance for a specific task. Experimental evaluations establish the quantitative accuracy improvements on financial reasoning and arithmetic calculation task. from utilizing techniques lik. supervisor models (in a network.of model scenario), threshold scoring and parallel processing over a baseline study.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Smaller Language Models (SLMs) Finance Network.ng Supervisor Model Scoring Function

Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons michael Wills Xinmin Zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstock. Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

Direct scaling of residual displacements for bilinear and pinching oscillators

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Earthquak. Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 129-149页

作者： Mohammad Saifullah Vinay k.Gupta Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India

The estimation of residual displacements in a structure due to an anticipated earthquak. event has increasingly become an important component of performance-based earthquak. engineering because controlling these displacements plays an important role in ensuring cost-feasible or cost-effective repairs in a damaged structure after the *** attempt is made in this study to obtain statistical estimates of constant-ductility residual displacement spectra for bilinear and pinching oscillators with 5%initial damping,directly in terms of easily available seismological,site,and model *** of the available models for the bilinear and pinching oscillators are useful when design spectra for a seismic hazard at a site are not *** statistical estimates of a residual displacement spectrum are proposed in terms of earthquak. magnitude,epicentral distance,site geology parameter,and three model parameters for a given set of ductility demand and a hysteretic energy capacity coefficient in the case of bilinear and pinching models,as well as for a given set of pinching parameters for displacement and strength at the break.oint in the case of pinching model *** proposed scaling model is applicable to horizontal ground motions in the western *** earthquak. magnitudes less than 7 or epicentral distances greater than 20 k..

关键词： residual displacement spectrum bilinear hysteresis model pinching hysteresis model nonlinear analysis scaling model

Analysis of the Oscillatory Flows of Multiple Shock.Waves in a Constant Area Duct

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 794-806页

作者： k.JAMES Jintu k.M Heuy Dong Department of Mechanical Engineering Andong National UniversityAndong36729Republic of Korea CAD-IT k.rea Co. Ltd.Seoul08591Republic of Korea

The oscillatory response of multiple shock.waves to downstream perturbations in a supersonic flow is studied numerically in a rectangular *** shock.waves are formed inside the duct at a shock.Mach number of *** duct has an exit height of H,and the effect of duct resonance on multiple shock.oscillations is investigated by attaching exit ducts of lengths 0H,50H,and *** downstream disturbance frequency varied from 10 Hz to 200 Hz to explore the oscillation characteristics of the multiple shock.*** oscillatory response of shock.waves under self-excited and forced oscillation conditions are analyzed in terms of wall static pressure,shock.train leading-edge location,shock.train length,and the size of the separation *** extent of the initial shock.location increases with an increase in exit duct length for the self-excited oscillation *** analysis of the shock.train leading edge and the spectral analysis of wall static pressure variations are *** variation in the shock.train length is analyzed using the pressure ratio method for self-excited as well as forced *** RMS amplitude of the normalized shock.train length(ζ_(ST))increases with an increase in the exit duct length for the self-excited oscillation *** the downstream perturbation frequency is increased,ζ_(ST)is decreased for exit duct *** all exit duct designs and downstream forcing frequencies,the size of the separation bubble grows and shrink. during the shock.oscillations,demonstrating the dependence on duct resonance and forced oscillations.

关键词： shock.train downstream disturbance supersonic flow shock.wave boundary layer interaction duct resonance flow separation