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Demographic histories of three predatory lady beetles reveal complex patterns of diversity and population size change in the United States

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1065-1079页

作者： Arun Sethuraman Fredric J.Janzen michael A.Rubio Yumary Vasquez john J.Obrycki Department of Biological Sciences Cafifomia State University San MarcosSan MarcosCaliforniaUSA Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA Department of Entomology University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA

Predatory lady beetles (Coccinellidae)contribute to biological control of agri- cultural pests,however,multiple species frequently compete for similar resources in the same *** studies have examined ecological interactions among the native North American convergent lady beetle (Hippodamia convergens)and two intro- duced species,the seven-spotted lady beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)and the Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis),in agricultural fields and described multiyear population ***,the evolutionary dynamics of these interacting species of predatory beetles are *** utilize publicly available multilocus genotype data from geographically disjunct populations of these three species to estimate demography across North American *** analyses reveal (1)a recent (4-5years)decline (>12 fold)in microsatellite effective population size ***,while expanding (mutation scaled growth rate in 1/u generations =2910,SD =362)over evolutionary time scales,(2)a massive (>150 fold),and very recent,effective population size decline in Ha. axyridis,and (3)population size growth (mutation scaled growth rate =997,SD =60)over recent and evolutionary time scales in *** these estimates are based on genetic data with different mutation rates and patterns of inheritance (mitochondrial versus nuclear),these dynamic and differing population size histories are striking. Further studies of the interactions of these predatory lady beetles in the field are thus warranted to explore the consequences of population size change and biological control activities for evolutionary trajectories in North America.

关键词： biological control bottleneck demography effective population size inva- siveness predatory lady beetles

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Protocol for electrophysiological monitoring of carotid endarterectomies

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2010年第6期24卷 460-466页

作者： Hong Liu Anthony M Di Giorgio Eric S williams William Evans michael J Russell Department of Anesthesiology University of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95817USA Active Diagnostics Inc.DavisCA 95616USA Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center SacramentoCA 95825USA Aaken Laboratories Inc.DavisCA 95616USA

Near zero stroke rates can be achieved in carotid endarterectomy （CEA） surgery with selective shunting and electrophysiological *** false negative rates as high as 40% have been *** sought to determine if improved training for interpretation of the monitoring signals can advance the efficacy of selective shunting with electrophysiological monitoring across multiple centers,and determine if other factors could contribute to the differences in *** and raw beta band （12.5-30 Hz） electroencephalogram （EEG） and median and tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials （SSEP） were monitored in 668 CEA cases at six surgical centers.A decrease in amplitude of 50% or more in any EEG or SSEP channel was the criteria for shunting or initiating a neuroprotective protocol.A reduction of 50% or greater in the beta band of the EEG or amplitude of the SSEP was observed in 150 *** patient showed signs of a cerebral infarct after *** shunting based on EEG and SSEP monitoring can reduce CEA intraoperative stroke rate to a near zero level if trained personnel adopted standardized *** also found that the rapid administration of a protective stroke protocol by attending anesthesiologists was an important aspect of this success rate.

关键词： intraoperative monitoring somatosensory evoked potentials electroencephalogram carotid endarterectomy carotid

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An infertile male with dilated seminal vesicles due to functional obstruction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 256-257页

作者： michael D Font Alexander W Pastuszak john R Case Larry I Lipshult Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Center for Reproductive Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Urology San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA

Dear Editor, The patient is a 45-year-old male who presented to an outside clinic in 2014 for evaluation of painful ejaculation, infertility, and difficulty with urination for as long as he could remember. He reported no past significant medical or surgical history and no family history of infertility. He was given a trial of tamsulosin without improvement in his symptoms. Initial semen analysis demonstrated azoospermia.

关键词： infertile male dilated seminal vesicles due functional obstruction

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The Effect of <i>Miscanthus</i>Cultivation on the Biodiversity of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Spiders and Harvestmen (Arachnida: Araneae and Opiliones)

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第7期10卷 903-917页

作者： michael A. williams Alan Feest Ecosulis Ltd. Bath UK Faculty of Engineering University of Bristol Bristol UK

In-crop invertebrate biodiversity of the perennial rhizomatous biomass crop Miscanthus was compared to the in-crop invertebrate biodiversity of adjacent agricultural land-uses. Ground beetles and arachnids (spiders and harvestmen) were used as indicators of invertebrate biodiversity and caught using pitfall traps over two years. Biodiversity measurements used were species richness, biomass, abundance, Simpson’s Index, and rarity values. The Miscanthus plantation had a significantly lower ground beetle and arachnid species richness, biomass and abundance than an adjacent mixed-use arable field and a significantly lower ground beetle biomass and abundance than an adjacent grassland. Reduced weed vegetation and lack of insects that feed on Miscanthus are likely to be significant factors. The findings contradict the conclusions of a previous study of Miscanthus impact on butterflies. This is the first major study to assess the in-crop biodiversity of an established plantation and shows that Miscanthus invertebrate biodiversity is poor in established plantations, when compared to adjacent conventional agricultural land-uses.

关键词： Biomass Energy Crops Biodiversity Quality Species Richness Simpson’s Index Rarity

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Investigating the Effect of Fatigue on Fracturing Resistance of Rocks

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012年第10期6卷 1310-1318页

作者： Nazife Erarslan David john williams Geoteehnical Engineering Centre School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia

There is no doubt that an understanding of brittle rock fracturing is a key element in the solution of many engineering problems that involve rock structures. Some rock structures such as bridge and dam abutments and foundations, and tunnel walls, undergo both static and cyclic loading caused by drilling and blasting, and vehicle-induced vibrations. This type of loading often causes rock to fail at a lower than its static strength due to the effect of rock fatigue. A series of laboratory diametrical compression tests was performed on Brisbane tuff disc specimens to investigate their mode-I fracture toughness response to static and cyclic loading, as a function of the applied load. Both the static and cyclic loading tests were carried out on CCNBD （cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc） rock specimens. In the tests described herein, the reduction in fracture toughness under dynamic cyclic loading was found to be up to 48% of the static fracture toughness. Contrary to the static tests, the cyclic tests produced much more crushed material in front of the tip of the chevron notched crack.

关键词： Fracture toughness rock fatigue CCNBD SEM (scanning electron microscope)

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Adapting behavioural interventions to compensate for cognitive dysfunction in persons with opioid use disorder

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General Psychiatry 2021年第4期34卷 13-22页

作者： Colleen B Mistler Roman Shrestha john Gunstad Victoria Sanborn michael M Copenhaver Allied Health Sciences University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA Department of Psychology Kent State UniversityKentOhioUSA

Treatment for opioid use disorder(OUD)is often in the context of biobehavioural interventions,consisting of medication for OUD(for example,methadone and buprenorphine),which is accompanied by psychoeducation and/or behavioural *** with OUD often display weaknesses in cognitive function that may impact the efficacy of such behavioural interventions.A review of the literature was conducted to:(1)describe common cognitive dysfunction profiles among patients with OUD,(2)outline intervention approaches for patients with OUD,(3)consider the cognitive demands that interventions place on patients with OUD and(4)identify potential accommodation strategies that may be used to optimise treatment *** profiles of patients with OUD often include weaknesses in executive function,attention,memory and information *** interventions require the patients’ability to learn,understand and remember information(placing specific cognitive demands on patients).Accommodation strategies are,therefore,needed for patients with challenges in one or more of these *** on accommodation strategies for patients with OUD is very *** applied research from populations with similar cognitive profiles to form a comprehensive collection of potential strategies to compensate for cognitive dysfunction among patients with *** cognitive profiles and accommodation strategies included in this review are intended to inform future intervention research aimed at improving outcomes among patients with OUD.

关键词： behaviour cognitive remember

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Evaluation of Agolin<sup>®</sup>, an Essential Oil Blend, as a Feed Additive for High Producing Cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 231-237页

作者： Peter williams john Clark Kelly Bean Feedworks USA Cincinnati USA Dairy Margin Tracker Rosebush USA

There is a growing demand for feed additives that can not only reduce dairy enteric methane emissions but also increase milk production and feed efficiency. Just one product is currently commercially available which accomplishes both of these goals. The purpose of this study was to confirm the performance benefits of the product (Agolin?, Agolin SA, Biere, Switzerland) in high producing mid-lactation dairy cows under United States feeding conditions. Four matched pens of approximately 150 mid-lactation cows/pen and averaging over 50 kg of milk/cow/day were enrolled in a side-by-side study. All pens received a common total mixed diet ad libitum, and the essential oil blend was administered via a concentrated farm pack to provide 1 g/cow/day to cows in the 2 test pens. Milk weights were determined, and samples were collected for compositional analysis over the last 2 days of the pretrial (May 11 and 12, 2020) and end of the trial (July 18 and 19, 2020) periods. Dry matter intake was measured by pen daily for the last 10 days of each feeding period. Milk fat and milk protein yields were greater (P 0.05) for cows receiving added Agolin. There was a tendency (P = 0.06) for energy corrected milk/dry matter intake to be greater for cows receiving the Agolin (1.88) relative to the control diet (1.76). The trial showed that Agolin assisted in improving production parameters of economic importance to dairy producers.

关键词： Lactating Dairy Cows Methane Essential Oils Feed Efficiency

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Ecological correlates of invasion impact for Burmese pythons in Florida

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 254-270页

作者： Robert N.REED john D.WILLSON Gordon H.RODDA michael E.DORCAS US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColorado Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia Department of Biology Davidson CollegeDavidsonNorth CarolinaUSA

An invasive population of Burmese pythons(Python molurus bivittatus)is established across several thousand square kilometers of southern Florida and appears to have caused precipitous population declines among several species of native *** has this giant snake had such great success as an invasive species when many established reptiles have failed to spread?We scored the Burmese python for each of 15 literature-based attributes relative to predefined comparison groups from a diverse range of taxa and provide a review of the natural history and ecology of Burmese pythons relevant to each *** focused on attributes linked to spread and magnitude of impacts rather than establishment *** results suggest that attributes related to body size and generalism appeared to be particularly applicable to the Burmese python’s success in *** attributes with the highest scores were:high reproductive potential,low vulnerability to predation,large adult body size,large offspring size and high dietary ***,attributes of ectotherms in general and pythons in particular(including predatory mode,energetic efficiency and social interactions)might have also contributed to invasion *** establishment risk assessments are an important initial step in prevention of new establishments,evaluating species in terms of their potential for spreading widely and negatively impacting ecosystems might become part of the means by which resource managers prioritize control efforts in environments with large numbers of introduced species.

关键词： body size Burmese python Florida invasive species Python molurus

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GANscan:continuous scanning microscopy using deep learning deblurring

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2378-2387页

作者： michael john Fanous Gabriel Popescu Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign306 N.Wright StreetUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign306 N.Wright StreetUrbanaIL 61801USA

Most whole slide imaging(WSI)systems today rely on the"stop-and-stare"approach,where,at each field of view,the scanning stage is brought to a complete stop before the camera snaps a *** procedure ensures that each image is free of motion blur,which comes at the expense of long acquisition *** order to speed up the acquisition process,especially for large scanning areas,such as pathology slides,we developed an acquisition method in which the data is acquired continuously while the stage is moving at high *** generative adversarial networks(GANs),we demonstrate this ultra-fast imaging approach,referred to as GANscan,which restores sharp images from motion blurred *** allows us to complete image acquisitions at 30x the throughput of stop-and-stare *** method is implemented on a Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 microscope,requires no specialized hardware,and accomplishes successful reconstructions at stage speeds of up to 5000 μm/*** validate the proposed method by imaging H&E stained tissue *** method not only retrieves crisp images from fast,continuous scans,but also adjusts for defocusing that occurs during scanning within+/-5 μ*** a consumer GPU,the inference runs at<20 ms/image.

关键词： hardware continuous image

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The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第4期15卷 58-66页

作者： john Abraham Lijing Cheng michael E.Mann Kevin Trenberth Karina vonSchuckmann University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesotaUSA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science Penn StatePennsylvaniaUSA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCOUSA Mercator Ocean International ToulouseFrance University of Auckland AucklandNew Zealand

The ocean’s thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human *** fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences of climate change,especially with respect to the *** the authors review the requirements for human actions from the ocean’s *** the near term(∼2030),goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)will be *** longer times(∼2050–2060 and beyond),global carbon neutrality targets may be met as countries continue to work toward reducing *** adaptation and mitigation plans need to be fully implemented in the interim,and the Global Ocean Observation System should be sustained so that changes can be continuously *** the longer-term(after∼2060),slow emerging changes such as deep ocean warming and sea level rise are committed to continue even in the scenario where net zero emissions are ***,climate actions have to extend to time scales of hundreds of *** these time scales,preparation for“high impact,low probability”risks—such as an abrupt showdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,ecosystem change,or irreversible ice sheet loss—should be fully integrated into long-term planning.

关键词： Global change Ocean Time scale Climate adaptation and mitigation Climate action High impact low probability

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