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Challenges and perspectives for structural biology of IncRNAs-the example of the Xist IncRNA A-repeats

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第10期11卷 845-859页

作者： Alisha NJones michael Sattler Institute of Structural Biology Helmholtz Zentrum MunchenNeuherberg85764Germany Center for Integrated Protein Scienee Munich and Bavarian NMR Center at Department of Chemistry Technical University of MunichGarching85747Germany

Following the discovery of numerous long non-coding RNA(IncRNA)transcripts in the human genome,their important roles in biology and human disease are *** progress in experimental methods has enabled the identification of structural features of ***,determining high-resolution structures is challenging as IncRNAs are expected to be dynamic and adopt multiple conformations,which may be modulated by interaction with protein binding *** X-inactive specific transcript(Xist)is necessary for X inactivation during dosage compensation in female placental mammals and one of the beststudied *** progress has provided new insights into the domain organization,molecular features,and RNA binding proteins that interact with distinct regions of *** A-repeats located at the 5'end of the transcript are of particular interest as they are essential for mediating silencing ofthe inactive X ***,we discuss recent progress with elucidating structural features of the Xist IncRNA,focusing on the *** discuss the experimental and computational approaches employed that have led to distinct structural models,likely reflecting the intrinsic dynamics of this *** presence of multiple dynamic conformations may also play an important role in the formation ofthe associated RNPs,thus influencing the molecular mechanism underlying the biological function of the Xist *** propose that integrative approaches that combine biochemical experiments and high-resolution structural biology in vitro with chemical probing and functional studies in vivo are required to unravel the molecular mechanisms of IncRNAs.

关键词： In cRNA structural biology Xist chemical pro bing enzymatic footpri nting computational structure predicti on

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OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE LAPLACE-BELTRAMI OPERATOR ON COMPACT SURFACES： CONCEPT AND NUMERICAL TREATMENT

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2012年第4期30卷 392-403页

作者： michael Hinze Morten Vierling Schwerpunkt Optimierung und Approximation Universit~it Hamburg Bundesstrafle 55 20146 Hamburg Germany

We consider optimal control problems of elliptic PDEs on hypersurfaces F in R^n for n = 2, 3. The leading part of the PDE is given by the Laplace-Beltrami operator, which is discretized by finite elements on a polyhedral approximation of F. The discrete optimal control problem is formulated on the approximating surface and is solved numerically with a semi-smooth Newton algorithm. We derive optimal a priori error estimates for problems including control constraints and provide numerical examples confirming our analytical findings.

关键词： Elliptic optimal control problem Laplace-Beltrami operator Surfaces Controlconstraints Error estimates Semi-smooth Newton method.

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Neuronal trafficking as a key to functional recovery in immune-mediated neuropathies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2331-2332页

作者： Felix Kohle michael Schroeter Department of Neurology University of Cologne and University Hospital CologneCologneGermany

Immune-mediated neuropathies are rare diseases of the peripheral nervous system(PNS),substantially affecting patients’functionality and quality of *** are amenable to immunomodulatory treatments,which in many cases stabilize disease progression,but long-term deficits persist in many *** long-term deficits are particularly observed in monophasic autoimmune neuropathies like Guillain-Barrésyndrome and also in chronic variants,e.g.,chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy(Fadia et al.,2019).

关键词： diseases autoimmune

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A river(of liquid metal) runs through it

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National Science Review 2020年第4期7卷 721-722页

作者： michael D. Dickey Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University

Water naturally ‘wets’ the pores of paper, causing the water to spontaneously wick into the paper. However, liquids do not wick into all porous materials. For example, pores in raincoats let heat pass from your body to the surroundings, yet water does not penetrate into the *** extent to which liquids pass through pores depends on their contact angle with the material(water on a waxed car has a high contact angle) and the surface tension of the liquid. Water, which has a large surface tension, will only pass through pores that it wets. Liquid metals have surface tensions that are nearly an order

关键词： of liquid metal A river runs through it

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Exosome treatment for stroke with diabetic comorbidity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 315-317页

作者： Poornima Venkat michael Chopp Department of Neurology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of Physics Oakland UniversityRochesterMIUSA

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovasculardisease with a high risk of mortality andlong-lasting neurological *** advances have resulted in adeclining trend in stroke incidence anddeaths in the United States. However,increas... 详细信息

关键词： mortality morbidity Exosome

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Modulation of ice ages via precession and dust-albedo feedbacks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第6期7卷 891-909页

作者： Ralph Ellis michael Palmer 105-6817 Route Pommier St Martin Bellevue 74370France University of Waterloo Department of ChemistryWaterlooOntarioCanada

We present here a simple and novel proposal for the modulation and rhythm of ice-ages and interglacials during the late Pleistocene. While the standard Milankovitch-precession theory fails to explain the long intervals between interglacials, these can be accounted for by a novel forcing and feedback system involving CO2, dust and albedo. During the glacial period, the high albedo of the northern ice sheets drives down global temperatures and CO2 concentrations, despite subsequent precessional forcing maxima. Over the following millennia more CO2 is sequestered in the oceans and atmospheric concentrations eventually reach a critical minima of about 200 ppm, which combined with arid conditions, causes a die-back of temperate and boreal forests and grasslands, especially at high altitude. The ensuing soil erosion generates dust storms, resulting in increased dust deposition and lower albedo on the northern ice sheets. As northern hemisphere insolation increases during the next Milankovitch cycle, the dust-laden ice-sheets absorb considerably more insolation and undergo rapid melting, which forces the climate into an interglacial period. The proposed mechanism is simple, robust, and comprehensive in its scope, and its key elements are well supported by empirical evidence.

关键词： Paleoclimatology Ice-age Precession CO2 Albedo Dust

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FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR A BI-WAVE EQUATION MODELING D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2010年第3期28卷 331-353页

作者： Xiaobing Feng michael Neilan Department of Mathematics The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Center for Computation and Technology Department of Mathematics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 U.S.A

In this paper we develop two conforming finite element methods for a fourth order bi-wave equation arising as a simplified Ginzburg-Landau-type model for d-wave superconductors in absence of applied magnetic field. Unlike the biharmonic operator A2, the bi-wave operator □^2 is not an elliptic operator, so the energy space for the bi-wave equation is much larger than the energy space for the biharmonic equation. This then makes it possible to construct low order conforming finite elements for the bi-wave equation. However, the existence and construction of such finite elements strongly depends on the mesh. In the paper, we first characterize mesh conditions which allow and not allow construction of low order conforming finite elements for approximating the bi-wave equation. We then construct a cubic and a quartic conforming finite element. It is proved that both elements have the desired approximation properties, and give optimal order error estimates in the energy norm, suboptimal （and optimal in some cases） order error estimates in the H1 and L^2 norm. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to guage the efficiency of the proposed finite element methods and to validate the theoretical error bounds.

关键词： Bi-wave operator d-wave superconductors Conforming finite elements Errorestimates.

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High Q-factor reconfigurable microresonators induced in side-coupled optical fibres

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第12期12卷 1867-1876页

作者： Victor Vassiliev michael Sumetsky Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUK

High Q-factor monolithic optical microresonators found numerous applications in classical and quantum optical signal processing,microwave photonics,ultraprecise sensing,as well as fundamental optical and physical ***,due to the solid structure of these microresonators,attaining the free spectral range tunability of most of them,critical for several of these applications,was,so far,*** address this problem,here we experimentally demonstrate that the side-coupling of coplanar bent optical fibres can induce a high Q-factor whispering gallery mode optical *** changing the curvature radius of fibres from the centimetre order to the millimetre order,we demonstrate fully mechanically reconfigurable optical microresonators with dimensions varying from the millimetre order to 100-micron order and free spectral range varying from a picometre to ten picometre *** developed theory describes the formation of the discovered microresonators and their major properties in a reasonable agreement with the experimental *** new microresonators may find applications in cavity QED,microresonator optomechanics,frequency comb generation with tuneable repetition rate,tuneable lasing,and tuneable processing and delay of optical pulses.

关键词： reconfigurable resonator repetition

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Transfer of CrylAc and Cry2Ab proteins from genetically engineered Bt cotton to herbivores and predators

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 823-832页

作者： michael Meissle Jorg Romeis Agroscope Research Division Agroecology and Environment Zurich Switzerland

With the cukivation of Bt cotton, the produced insecticidal Cry proteins are ingested by herbivores and potentially transferred along the food chain to natural enemies, such as predators. In laboratory experiments with Bollgard II cotton, concentrations of CrylAc and Cry2Ab were measured in Lepidoptera larvae （Spodoptera littoralis, Hello- this virescens）, plant bugs （Euschistus heros）, aphids （Aphis gossypii）, whiteflies （Bemisia tabaci）, thrips （ Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella occidentalis）, and spider mites （Tetranychus urticae）. Tritrophic experiments were conducted with caterpillars ofS. littoralis as prey and larvae of ladybird beetles （Harmonia axyridis, Adalia bipunctata） and lacewings （Chrysop- erla carnea） as predators. Immunological measurements （ELISA） indicated that herbivores feeding on Bt cotton contained 5%-50% of the Bt protein concentrations in leaves except whiteflies and aphids, which contained no or only traces of Bt protein, and spider mites, which contained 7 times more Cry 1Ac than leaves. Similarly, predators contained 1%-30% of the Cry protein concentration in prey. For the nontarget risk assessment, this indicates that Bt protein concentrations decrease considerably from one trophic level to the next in the food web, except for spider mites that contain Bt protein concentrations higher than those measured in the leaves. Exposure of phloem sucking hemipterans is negligible.

关键词： arthropod food web Bacillus thuringiensis Bt cotton Cry protein ELISA transgenic plants

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Uncovering the secrets of hidden twists

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 119-120页

作者： Oded Hod michael Urbakh Department of Physical Chemistry School of Chemistry The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science Tel Aviv University

Twisted layered material junctions,and in particular twisted graphene interfaces,exhibit fascinating physical properties of diverse nature including unique structural,tribological,electronic,as well as heat and electron transport characteristics [1].These properties are intimately related to the moire superstructure formed at the twisted interface,which induces atomic lattice reconstruction patterns that balance between inter-layer registry optimization and intra-layer strain minimization [2].

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