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Quambalaria species associated with eucalypt diseases in southern China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第4期4卷 433-447页

作者： Shuaifei CHEN Qianli LIU Guoqing LI michael j.wingfield China Eucalypt Research Centre Chinese Academy of Forestry Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute University of Pretoria

The genus Quambalaria includes several important pathogens of species of Eucalyptus and Corymbia, mainly causing leaf and shoot blight. Recently,extensive shoot and leaf dieback and stem cankers suspected to be Quambalaria diseases have been found on young Eucalyptus urophylla ? E. grandis trees in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. The occurrence of Quambalaria species and their association with eucalypt hosts within China needs to be investigated for tree diseases management. The isolates from the diseased samples were identified based on their morphological structures and phylogenetic analyses with DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer region and large ribosome subunit RNA of the nuclear r DNA. This work revealed that three species of Quambalaria were present: Quambalaria pitereka from Corymbia citriodora,Q. eucalypti from E. urophylla ? E. grandis, both isolated from young eucalypt leaves and shoots in Guangdong Province, and Quambalaria simpsonii, which was isolated from stem cankers of E. urophylla ? E. grandis at four different sites across Guangdong and Hainan *** results confirmed that Quambalaria agents were associated with the diseases occurring on eucalypt hosts in South China. This is the first report of Q. eucalypti in Asia and the first report of Q. simpsonii in China on Eucalyptus trees.

关键词： Corymbia Eucalyptus forest pathogens plantations Myrtaceae

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Taxonomy and pathogenicity of Ceratocystis species on Eucalyptus trees in South China, including C. chinaeucensis sp. nov.

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 267-279页

作者： ShuaiFei Chen Marelize Van Wyk jolanda Roux michael j.wingfield Yaojian Xie XuDong Zhou Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute(FABI)University of PretoriaPrivate Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa Department of Genetics Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute(FABI)University of PretoriaPrivate Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa China Eucalypt Research Centre(CERC) Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAF)ZhanJiang 524022 GuangDong ProvinceChina FuturaGene Biotechnology Shanghai Co. LTDShanghaiChina e-mail:xu.zhou@fabi.up.ac.za Department of Plant Pathology University of California-Davis/Kearney Agricultural Research&Extension Center(KARE)ParlierCA 93648USA

Commercial plantations of Eucalyptus species have been established in South China,especially during the past 20 years,to meet the needs of a rapidly growing national *** part of a survey of fungal diseases affecting Eucalyptus species in South China,Ceratocystis species were collected from Eucalyptus plantations in the GuangDong *** aims of this study were to identify these Ceratocystis isolates and to test their pathogenicity to *** most aggressive isolates were also used to screen different species and clones of Eucalyptus for susceptibility to infection under field *** fungi were identified based on morphology and through comparisons of DNA sequence data of the ITS,partialβ-tubulin and TEF-1αgene *** and DNA sequence comparisons showed that isolates collected from Chinese Eucalyptus plantations represent two species,*** in the *** *** complex and a previously undescribed species belonging to the *** *** complex,for which the name *** *** *** pathogenicity trials,both *** and *** gave rise to lesions on wounded Eucalyptus trees,and the former fungus was most *** were also observed in the responses of different Eucalyptus clones to inoculation and this could be useful in reducing disease,if *** should emerge as a pathogen in the future.

关键词： Ceratocystidaceae Fungal pathogens Microascales Myrtales Plantation forestry Wounds

松材线虫在明尼苏达州和威斯康星州对松树的致病性

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广东林业科技 1990年第1期6卷 46-48页

作者： michael j.wingfield 黎少梅

在美国已经提到松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)对多种针叶树苗的致病性,但却很少提及它可能杀死已经定植的林木,特别是北美的本地松。我们的课题是要确定接种松材线虫对明尼苏达州和威斯康星州森林中的本地北美短叶松(Finus bank... 详细信息

在美国已经提到松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)对多种针叶树苗的致病性,但却很少提及它可能杀死已经定植的林木,特别是北美的本地松。我们的课题是要确定接种松材线虫对明尼苏达州和威斯康星州森林中的本地北美短叶松(Finus banksiana),

关键词：松材线虫松树致病性温室接种林木接种美国明尼苏达州威斯康星州

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美国的一种重要林木病原物—松材线虫

湖南林业科技 1984年第3期 43-45页

作者： michael j.wingfield 隆义华

线虫,是一种极小的蠕虫,林业上除苗圃外,一般不作为重要的林木病原物考虑。土壤中发现的林木病原线虫,虽大多数可使林木生长逐渐下降,但不致于引起林木迅速死亡。然而,最近在美国发现的松材线虫,使病理学家不得不改变原来的观点。在日本... 详细信息

线虫,是一种极小的蠕虫,林业上除苗圃外,一般不作为重要的林木病原物考虑。土壤中发现的林木病原线虫,虽大多数可使林木生长逐渐下降,但不致于引起林木迅速死亡。然而,最近在美国发现的松材线虫,使病理学家不得不改变原来的观点。在日本,这种病害已使森林造成了

关键词：松材线虫枯死木林木天牛病原物病原体美国美利坚合众国北美洲

What are extreme environmental conditions and how do organisms cope with them？

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 363-374页

作者： john C. wingfield j. Patrick KELLEY Frederic ANGELIER Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A

Severe environmental conditions affect organisms in two major ways. The environment may be predictably severe such as in deserts, polar and alpine regions, or individuals may be exposed to temporarily extreme conditions through weather, presence of predators, lack of food, social status etc. Existence in an extreme environment may be possible, but then to breed or molt in addition can present major bottlenecks that have resulted in the evolution of hormone-behavior adaptations to cope with unpredictable events. Examples of hormone-behavior adaptations in extreme conditions include attenuated testosterone secretion because territoriality and excess courtship may be too costly when there is one opportunity to reproduce. The individual may even become insensitive to testosterone when target areas of the brain regulating reproductive behavior no longer respond to the hormone. A second example is reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoids following acute stress during the breeding season or molt that allows successful reproduction and/or a vital renewal of the integument to endure extreme conditions during the rest of the year. Reduced sensitivity could involve: (a) modulated response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, (b) reduced sensitivity to high glucocorticoid levels, or (c) a combination of (a) and (b). Moreover, corticosteroid binding proteins (CBP) buffer responses to stress by reducing the movement of glucocorticoids into target cells. Finally, intracellular enzymes (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and variants) can deactivate glucocorticoids entering cells thus reducing interaction with receptors. These mechanisms have important implications for climate change and increasing extremes of weather.

关键词：极端环境生物体糖皮质激素蜕皮激素极端条件行为适应睾丸激素极端天气

Seasonal changes of adrenocortical responses to acute stress in lowland and highland Eurasian Tree Sparrows（Passer montanus）:are human commensal species dissociated from the surrounding habitats?

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Seasonal changes of adrenocortical responses to acute stress...

中国生理学会第23届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者： john C.wingfield Department of Neurobiology Physiology andBehavior University of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

＜正＞It is well known that seasonal modulation of the adrenocortical response to acute stress is widespread in free-living birds,but it is still unclear what induces the seasonal *** the differences of seasonal modulation in adrenocortical response between lowland and highland populations will contribute to understand the underlying mechanism of seasonal *** this study,we examined the adrenocortical response to acute stress （capture,handling and restraint） in lowland Eurasian Tree Sparrows,Passer montanus,among early breeding,late breeding,pre-basic molt and wintering stages,and compared them with previously published data from populations on the Tibetan *** results show:（1） similar to highland Eurasian Tree Sparrows,lowland populations show no differences in baseline CORT levels among life history stages（LHSs）,and the stress-induced CORT levels are lowered during early breeding and pre-basic molt stages than those in late breeding and wintering stages;（2） highland Eurasian Tree Sparrows show stronger adrenocortical responses during pre-basic molt stage than lowland populations,whereas there were no differences between early and late breeding *** results suggest that Eurasian Tree Sparrows from both extreme and benign environments have similar patterns of adrenocortical responses in the breeding stage,whereas they are different in pre-basic molt ***,it appears that this human commensal species shows a"dissociated"adrenocortical response from surrounding habitat compared with other species on the Tibetan *** Tree Sparrows may be sheltered from more severe environment and longer winters at high elevation by associating with human *** small increases in adrenocortical responses during pre-basic molt stage in Tibetan Plateau birds are interesting but remain unexplained.

关键词： Adrenocortical response corticosterone Eurasian Tree Sparrow human commensal species life history stages

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松材线虫在美国是重要病原吗?

植物检疫 1988年第S1期 72-76页

作者： wingfield.M.j 高天裕

除苗圃中苗床外,线虫一般不被认为是林木的重要病原,大多数的林木病原线虫发现于土壤,且导致树木缓慢衰退,但不迅速死亡。可是,松材线虫在美国的最新发现,已使病理学家们改变看法,因为该线虫在日本森林已引起为害流行。松材线虫Bursaphe... 详细信息

除苗圃中苗床外,线虫一般不被认为是林木的重要病原,大多数的林木病原线虫发现于土壤,且导致树木缓慢衰退,但不迅速死亡。可是,松材线虫在美国的最新发现,已使病理学家们改变看法,因为该线虫在日本森林已引起为害流行。松材线虫Bursaphelenchus Lignicolus首先由Mamiya和Kiyohara(1972)描述。最初

关键词：松材线虫侵染天牛幼虫线虫病害美国美利坚合众国北美洲欧洲赤松

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松木线虫:在美国和日本的情况比较

林业与环境科学 1982年第6期 37-40页

作者： M.j.wingfield R.A.Blanchette 仪向东华南农学院林学系

松木线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Steiner and Buhrer)Nickle)是日本松树枯萎的原因之一。在日本,对森林的严重为害已持续30年。近年来,在遍布美国的针叶树上均发现线虫。在北美,对松木线虫的生物学和病原学知道得不多。目前,似乎... 详细信息

松木线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Steiner and Buhrer)Nickle)是日本松树枯萎的原因之一。在日本,对森林的严重为害已持续30年。近年来,在遍布美国的针叶树上均发现线虫。在北美,对松木线虫的生物学和病原学知道得不多。目前,似乎威胁到美国和加拿大的本地针叶林。这表明,线虫有广泛的寄主范围和广阔的地理分布区。线虫的发生和树木受到病、虫的严重为害有联系,而且线虫在本世纪初期已经在美国出现。易受感染的针叶纯林的营造,种植区立地条件较差和较有效的媒介混虫的传入等可能导致增加线虫为害的原因。

关键词：线虫木质蠕虫媒介昆虫病媒昆虫松树松木美国美利坚合众国北美洲

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松材线虫是美国值得重视的一种病原体

湖北林业科技 1984年第4期 42-45页

作者： M.j.wingfield R.A.Blanchette 谢翼伟

松材线虫 Bersaphelenchus xylophilu-s,在日本对本地松已造成严重危害。最近美国将线虫鉴定为一种病原体。病理学家们予测,此线虫也许会威协这里的森林。有不少的证据表明,线虫除了能导致这个国家的国外松死亡之外。如欧洲赤松(Pinus s... 详细信息

松材线虫 Bersaphelenchus xylophilu-s,在日本对本地松已造成严重危害。最近美国将线虫鉴定为一种病原体。病理学家们予测,此线虫也许会威协这里的森林。有不少的证据表明,线虫除了能导致这个国家的国外松死亡之外。如欧洲赤松(Pinus sylestris)和黑松(P、thunbergii),还可引起从未受到线虫侵染的当地松树死亡。传播线虫的媒介昆虫由于在其产卵期间可将线虫传播到伐倒木和濒死立木上,所以在并非主要由线虫致死的植株上也能出现线虫。在美国,昆虫在产卵期间传播线虫能解释线虫在植株遭到其它因子危害后才进入寄主上。

关键词：松材线虫立木伐倒木欧洲赤松病原物病原体美利坚合众国北美洲美国