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Sexual selection on color and behavior within and between cichlid populations： Implications for speciation

Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 475-483页

作者： michael j.PAUERS jeffrey S.MCKINNON Section of Vertebrate Zoology The Milwaukee Public MuseumMilwaukeeWI 53233USA Department of Biology N108 Howell Science ComplexEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858-4353USA

Sexual selection is widely viewed as playing a central role in haplochromine cichlid speciation. Hypothetically, once divergent mate preferences evolve among populations of these fishes, reproductive isolation follows and the populations begin to behave as different species. Various studies have examined patterns of assortative mating among species and sometimes populations, but few have examined variation in directional preferences, especially among populations of the same species. We investi- gated mate choice behavior in two populations of Labeotropheus fueUeborni, a Lake Malawi endemic. We test whether mating preferences between populations are based on the same traits and in the same direction as preferences within populations. We examine the potential contributions of two classes of trait, color patterns and behaviors, to reproductive isolation. When females chose between either two males of their own population, or two from another, female preferences were generally similar （for the female population） across the two contexts. Mate choice patterns differed between （female） populations for a measure of color, but only modestly for male behavior. In a separate experiment we simultaneously offered females a male of their own population and a male from a different population. In these trials, females consistently preferred males from their own population, which were also the males that displayed more frequently than their opponents, but not necessarily those with color traits suggested to be most attractive in the previous experiment. Thus directional preferences for chroma and related aspects of color may be important when females are presented with males of otherwise similar phenotypes, but may play little role in mediating assortative mating among populations with substantially different color patterns. A preference for male behavior could play some role in speciation if males preferentially court same-population females, as we have observed for the populations

关键词： Haplochromine cichlid Sexual selection Speciation Color Labeotropheus

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Comparative mammalian cell cytotoxicity of wastewater with elevated bromide and iodide after chlorination,chloramination, or ozonation

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 296-301页

作者： Shengkun Dong Thanh H.Nguyen michael j.Plewa Department of Civil and Environmental Enoineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA Safe Global Water Institute Uniuersity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA

Recycling wastewater is becoming more common as communities around the world try to better control their water resources against an increased frequency of either prolonged droughts or intense flooding. For communities in coastal areas, wastewaters may contain elevated levels of bromide（Br^-） and iodide（I^-） from seawater intrusion or high mineral content of source waters. Disinfection of such wastewater is mandatory to prevent the spread of pathogens, however little is known about the toxicity of wastewater after disinfection in the presence of Br^-and I^-. In this study we compared the induction of chronic cytotoxicity in mammalian cells in samples of municipal secondary wastewater effluent amended with elevated levels of Br^-/I^-after disinfection by chlorine, chloramines or ozone to identify which disinfection process generated wastewater with the lowest level of adverse biological response. Chlorination increased mammalian cell cytotoxicity by 5times as compared to non-disinfected controls. Chloramination produced disinfected wastewater that expressed 6.3 times more cytotoxicity than the non-disinfected controls and was 1.3 times more cytotoxic than the chlorinated samples. Ozonation produced wastewater with cytotoxicity comparable to the non-disinfected controls and was at least 4times less cytotoxic than the chlorine disinfected wastewaters. These results indicate that compared to chlorination and chloramination, ozonation of wastewater with high Br^-/Ilevels yielded the lowest mammalian cell cytotoxicity, suggesting its potential as a more favorable method to disinfect wastewater with minimizing the biological toxicity in mind.

关键词： Cytotoxicity Ozonation Chlorination Chloramination Wastewater Bromide Iodide Disinfection

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Association between water related factors and active trachoma in Hai district, Northern Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 92-98页

作者： michael j Mahande Humphrey D Mazigo Eliningaya j Kweka Community Health Department KCM College of Tumaini UniversityPO Box 2240MoshiTanzania Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology Catholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania Tropical Pesticides Research Institute Division of Livestock and Human Disease vector controlPO Box 3024ArushaTanzania

Background:Trachoma is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and is mainly associated with poor water ***,these associations have never been demonstrated in some of the communities,especially in northern *** cover that gap,the present case control study was conducted to assess the association of water related factors,general hygiene and active trachoma among preschool and school age children in Hai district,northern ***:Families reported to use>60 litres of water per day were less likely to have active disease(OR=0.4,95%CI:0.1-0.3;P<0.001)compared to households collecting≤60 *** risk of having trachoma increased with increase in distance to the water point(OR=6.5,95%CI;1.8-16.7;P=0.003).Households members who reported to use<2 liters of water for face washing were more likely to be trachomatous(OR=5.12,95%CI:1.87-14.6,P=0.001).Increased number of preschool children in the household was also associated with increased risk of active trachoma by 2.46 ***:Improving water supply near the households and providing public health education focusing on improving households socio-economic status and individual hygiene especially in pre-school children in part will help to reduce the prevalence of the *** addition,integrating public health education with other interventions such as medical interventions remains important.

关键词： Trachoma Water Hygiene Tanzania

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Incorporating novelty and novel ecosystems into restoration planning and practice in the 21st century

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 175-182页

作者： michael P Perring Rachel j Standish Richard j Hobbs Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group School of Plant BiologyThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia

Novelty pervades the *** some cases,potentially irreversible abiotic and/or biotic changes have led to the crossing of thresholds and thus the formation of“novel ecosystems.”Their widespread emergence(particularly on land)and the presence of continued environmental change challenge a traditional restoration goal of restoring an historical ***,we argue that restoration could broaden its frame of reference to consider how novel ecosystems might be used to maintain global biodiversity and provide ecosystem services and,in doing so,save potentially wasted efforts in attempting to fulfil traditional *** we explore this contention in more depth by addressing:Are novel ecosystems innovative planning or lowering the bar?We show that novel ecosystems were not innovative planning in their original *** the contrary,they were recognized as ecosystems that were recalcitrant to traditional restoration approaches,coupled with an awareness that they had arisen inadvertently through deliberate human activity,either on-or *** recalcitrance to traditional restoration suggests that alternative goals may exist for these ecosystems using sometimes innovative *** management may include biodiversity conservation or restoration for ecological *** elucidate the latter aspect with reference to an experiment in the wheatbelt of Western Australia—The Ridgefield Multiple Ecosystem Services Experiment—the design of which has been informed by ecological theory and the acceptance of novelty as an ecosystem *** novel ecosystems do provide opportunities to broaden restoration planning and practice,and ultimately maintain and conserve global biodiversity in this era of environmental change,they necessarily“lower the bar”in restoration if the bar is considered to be the historical ***,in these times of flux,such a bar is increasingly ***,careful and appropriate interventions are required

关键词： No-analogue ecosystem Biodiversity conservation Ecosystem function Ecological restoration Restoration baseline Ridgefield multiple ecosystem services experiment York gum woodland

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Small extrachromosomal circular DNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1411-1413页

作者： Marcos j.Arauzo-Bravo Daniela Gerovska Matthias Schwab Alexandra Kretz Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Biodonostia Health Research InstituteSan SebastianSpain Basque Foundation for Science IKERBASQUEBilbaoSpainMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineComputational Biology and Bioinformatics GroupMünsterNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Department of Cell Biology and Histology Faculty of Medicine and NursingUniversity of Basque Country(UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain Department of Neurology Jena University HospitalJenaThuringiaGermany

Comprehensive studies identify motor neuron spectrum disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)as globally rising fatal disorders with the highest prevalence in aging populations,influenced by ethnicity and ancestry(GBD 2016 Motor Neuron Disease Colla borators,2018).While~10% of diagnoses involve a family history(fALS),most cases are considered sporadic(sALS).However,population-based studies suggest that even cases without a common index mutation impart heritability(Ryan et al.,2019),indicating a crucial role of rare and as yet unknown genetic denominators.

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis

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ZnO-Embedded Expanded Graphite Composite Anodes with Controlled Charge Storage Mechanism Enabling Operation of Lithium-Ion Batteries at Ultra-Low Temperatures

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 31-39页

作者： Kun Ryu michael j.Lee Kyungbin Lee Seung Woo Lee George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

As lithium(Li)-ion batteries expand their applications,operating over a wide temperature range becomes increasingly ***,the lowtemperature performance of conventional graphite anodes is severely hampered by the poor diffusion kinetics of Li ions(Li^(+)).Here,zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles are incorporated into the expanded graphite to improve Li^(+)diffusion kinetics,resulting in a significant improvement in lowtemperature *** ZnO-embedded expanded graphite anodes are investigated with different amounts of ZnO to establish the structurecharge storage mechanism-performance relationship with a focus on lowtemperature *** analysis reveals that the ZnOembedded expanded graphite anode with nano-sized ZnO maintains a large portion of the diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanism at an ultra-low temperature of-50℃ Due to this significantly enhanced Li^(+)diffusion rate,a full cell with the ZnO-embedded expanded graphite anode and a LiNi_(0.88)Co_(0.09)Al_(0.03)O_(2)cathode delivers high capacities of 176 mAh g^(-1)at20℃ and 86 mAh g^(-1)at-50℃ at a high rate of 1 *** outstanding low-temperature performance of the composite anode by improving the Li^(+)diffusion kinetics provides important scientific insights into the fundamental design principles of anodes for low-temperature Li-ion battery operation.

关键词： diffusive and capacitive charge storages expanded graphite composites anode lithium-ion battery low-temperature operation transition metal oxide

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Deining the discipline of geobiology

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National Science Review 2014年第4期1卷 483-485页

作者： michael j.Benton Shucheng Xie School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences

One of the fundamental questions in science,but also for any intelligentperson,is‘What is the diference between life and non-life?’Philosophers havedebated this for centuries,and alchemists and novelists have explor... 详细信息

关键词： Deining the discipline of geobiology

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Tyramides in male alates of black imported fire ants Solenopsis richteri

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 169-172页

作者： jian Chen michael j. Grodowitz National Biological Control Laboratory Southeast Area United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service 59 Lee Road Stoneville Mississippi USA

Two species of imported fire ants, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invieta Buren, and the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel, were introduced into the United States from South America at the port of Mobile, Alabama in 1918 and 1930s, respectively. Although S. richteri was introduced and established in the United States more than one decade earlier than S. invicta, the latter has gradually displaced S. riehteri throughout most of its distribution.

关键词： SOLENOPSIS richteri FIRE ants ANT behavior ANT ecology ENTOMOLOGY

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Mineral concentrations of chickpea and lentil cultivars and breeding lines grown in the *** Northwest

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The Crop journal 2018年第3期6卷 253-262页

作者： George j.VANDemark michael A.Grusak Rebecca j.Mc Gee USDA-ARS Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit USDA-ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center

Diseases and health complications caused by mineral deficiencies afflict billions of people globally. Developing pulse crops with elevated seed mineral concentrations can contribute to reducing the incidence of these deficiencies. The objectives of this study were to estimate variance components conditioning seed mineral concentrations of chickpea and lentil grown in Washington and Idaho, determine correlations between different mineral concentrations and between mineral concentrations and yield, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering, and compare seed mineral concentrations between chickpeas and lentils grown in adjacent plots. Genotype effects, although significant in chickpea and lentil for all minerals except selenium, tended to be minimal compared to location, year, and their interaction effects. In both chickpeas and lentils high positive correlations were observed between seed concentrations of phosphorus and potassium, phosphorus and zinc, and potassium and zinc. Correlations between mineral concentration and yield, and mineral concentration and days to 50% flowering were similar for chickpeas and lentils across the majority of minerals. These results may reflect similarities between the two crops in physiological processes for mineral uptake and partitioning. Lentils had higher concentrations of iron and zinc than chickpea when the two crops were grown in adjacent plots,whereas chickpeas had higher concentrations of calcium and manganese. Plant genotypes that are more efficient at obtaining minerals from growing environments will be useful as parental materials to develop improved chickpea and lentil cultivars that have good yield potential coupled with high seed mineral concentrations.

关键词： Chickpea Lentil Mineral Nutrition Pulse

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Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct: Case report and literature review

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第28期19卷 4616-4623页

作者： Eizaburo Sasatomi michael A Nalesnik j Wallis Marsh Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the extrahepatic bile duct is rare, and only 22 cases have been reported. Only two of these were large-cell NEC (LCNEC); the vast majority were small-cell NEC. Here, we report a third case of LCNEC of the extrahepatic bile duct. A 76-year-old male presented to a local hospital with painless jaundice. Imaging studies revealed a tumor at the hepatic hilum. The patient underwent right hepatic lobectomy, bile duct resection, and cholecystectomy. The resection specimen showed a 5.0-cm invasive neoplasm involving the hilar bile ducts and surrounding soft tissue. Histologically, the tumor consisted of nests of medium to large cells with little intervening stroma. The tumor invaded a large portal vein branch. All four excised lymph nodes were positive for metastasis, and metastatic deposits were also present in the gallbladder wall. The tumor was diffusely positive for synaptophysin and focally positive for chromogranin A. Approximately 70%-80% of the tumor cells were positive for Ki-67, indicating strong proliferative activity. A diagnosis of LCNEC was made. A few bile ducts within and adjacent to the invasive tumor showed dysplasia of the intestinal phenotype and were focally positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A, suggesting that the dysplastic intestinal-type epithelium played a precursor role in this case. A postoperative computer tomography scan revealed rapid enlargement of the abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The patient died 21 d after the operation. NEC of the bile duct is an aggressive neoplasm, and its biological characteristics remain to be better defined.

关键词： Neuroendocrine neoplasm Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Extrahepatic bile duct Dysplasia

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