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Differential temperature responses between Plutella xylostella and its specialist endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum—Implications for biological control

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 855-864页

作者： Leyun Wang Kayvan Etebari Zihua Zhao Gimme H.Walter michael j.furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Understanding the thermal dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions is crucial to predicting how biological control of pest insects by parasitoids might be affected by geographic location and climate *** compared performance traits of Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)and its solitary endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae),over a wide range of constant rearing temperatures(10-30℃).Parasitoids reared at 30℃ experienced reductions in pupation rate,pupal mass,egg load,and adult life span when compared with those reared at lower *** analyses of the fate of parasitoids and their hosts and intergenerational population growth at different rearing temperatures show that *** and *** respond differently to temperature,leading to divergent outcomes under different temperature *** parasitoid larvae could not complete development at 30℃,the temperature at which the host biomass was least and the metabolic demands of the parasitoid could be high,suggesting that parasitoid development might be constrained by lack of host resources at higher *** discuss the potential mechanisms of parasitoid susceptibility to elevated temperatures,which likely explain the pronounced seasonal dynamics of *** in subtropical regions and its failure to establish in lowland tropical regions,where *** is a serious *** interactions in other host-parasitoid associations would constrain the efficacy of parasitoids as biological control agents as global temperatures increase.

关键词： biological control climate change Diadegma semiclausum host-parasitoid interaction,Plutella xylostella temperature

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Balancing nutrients in a toxic environment: the challenge of eating

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 289-303页

作者： Peng Wang Daniel G.Vassão Bettina Raguschke michael j.furlong Myron P.Zalucki School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany

Insect herbivores can regulate their food intake by mixing food sources with different nutrient content, but face the resulting challenge of ingesting various plant secondary metabolites. How insects deal with toxins in a complex nutrient environment is unclear. Here we investigated the influence of a classic plant secondary metabolite, allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin), and its hydrolyzed product allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), on the development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) when fed on diets with different protein-to-carbohydrate (p : c) ratios. We also examined the effects of these toxins on larval biochemistry, by chemically analyzing the frass produced by insects feeding on the different diets. As expected, AITC had a greater negative effect than sinigrin on H. armigera life-history traits. However, AITC at low concentration appeared to have a positive effect on some traits. Both sinigrin and AITC-induced detoxification activity in the gut, and the reaction was related to diet protein concentration. High-protein diets can provide the required free amino acid, especially cysteine, needed for the detoxification process. The nutrient content of the diet influences how plant secondary metabolites are handled, and the use of artificial diets in experiments investigating the metabolic fate of plant secondary compounds needs to be carefully evaluated.

关键词： diet protein glucosinolate gut metabolism Helicoverpa armigera isothiocyanate

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Australian sugarcane soldier fly’s salivary gland transcriptome in response to starvation and feeding on sugarcane crops

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 708-720页

作者： Kayvan Etebari Karel R.Lindsay Andrew L.Ward michael j.furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Sugar Research Australia Te KowaiQLDAustralia Sugar Research Australia IndooroopillyQLDAustralia

The soldier fly is an endemic pest of sugarcane in *** numbers of larvae can cause significant damage to roots and reduce the crop *** is known about the composition and function of the soldier fly salivary gland,its secretions,and their roles in insect—plant *** this study,we performed transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of starved and sugarcane root-fed soldier fly larvae.A total of 31119 highly expressed assembled contigs were identified in the salivary glands and almost 50%of them showed high levels of similarity to known proteins in Nr *** all the obtained contigs,only 9727 sequences contain an open reading frame of over 100 amino *** 31%of contigs were predicted to encode secretory proteins,including some digestive and detoxifying enzymes and potential *** known salivary secreted peptides such as serine protease,cysteine proteinase inhibitors,antimicrobial peptides and venom proteins were among the top 100 highly expressed *** gene expression analysis revealed significant modulation of 850 transcripts in salivary glands upon exposure to plant roots or starvation ***,we identified some venom proteins which were significantly upregulated in the salivary glands of soldier fly larvae exposed to sugarcane *** other insects and nematodes some of these proteins have been used to manipulate host plant defense systems and facilitate the invasion of the host *** findings provide a further insight into the identification of potential effector proteins involved in soldier fly-sugarcane interactions.

关键词： Inopus salivary gland soldier fly sugarcane pest transcriptome

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社会与情绪健康量表(中学版)中文版修订

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中国临床心理学杂志 2017年第6期25卷 1012-1016页

作者：谢家树刘姗 Chunyan Yang michael j.furlong 湖南师范大学教育科学学院长沙410081 University of California Santa Barbara

目的:引进社会与情绪健康量表-中学版(SEHS-S),对其进行中文修订,检验SEHS-S中文版在我国青少年群体中的信、效度及其跨年级、性别的测量等值性。方法:应用中文版SEHS-S对湖南省六个地区7-12年级3750名中学生施测,三周后抽取其中88名被... 详细信息

目的:引进社会与情绪健康量表-中学版(SEHS-S),对其进行中文修订,检验SEHS-S中文版在我国青少年群体中的信、效度及其跨年级、性别的测量等值性。方法:应用中文版SEHS-S对湖南省六个地区7-12年级3750名中学生施测,三周后抽取其中88名被试进行重测。结果:SEHS-S中文版维度结构与原量表一致,由12个测量指标所构成的4个核心积极特征维度可以有效的聚合到二阶因子综合活力Covitality上,4个维度包括:情绪能力、有活力的生活、对自己的信念、对他人的信念,验证性因素分析结果支持社会与情绪健康综合活力(Covitality)二阶模型:(1)CFI=0.938;(2)SRMR=0.037;(3)RMSEA=0.053;SEHS-S总分与青少年主观幸福感、抑郁、焦虑、压力以及学生自评学业成绩的相关系数分别为:0.459、-0.358、-0.247、-0.223、0.277;总量表的内部一致性系数为0.917;三周后的重测信度为0.891;测量等值性检验结果显示SEHS-S具有跨性别的部分等值性和跨年级的完全等值性。结论:修订后的中文版SEHS-S具有良好的信效度以及跨性别的部分等值及跨年级的完全等值性。

关键词：社会与情绪健康综合活力(Covitality) 中学生信度效度、测量等值性

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社会与情绪健康量表(小学版)中文再修订

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中国临床心理学杂志 2018年第3期26卷 522-527页

作者：谢家树刘姗 Chunyan Yang michael j.furlong Cixin Wang 邓婷·博延顿邓静蓉湖南师范大学心理学系、湖南师范大学认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室长沙410081 University of California Santa BarbaraCA 93106USA University of Maryland College ParkMD 20817USA 神州天立教育集团教研院成都610091 枫树山大桥小学长沙410007

目的:对社会与情绪健康量表-小学版(Social and Emotional Health Survey-Primary,SEHS-P)2016年版进行中文修订,检验其在我国小学生群体中的信、效度及其跨年级、性别的测量等值性。方法:应用中文版SEHS-P对湖南、四川和浙江三省12所小... 详细信息

目的:对社会与情绪健康量表-小学版(Social and Emotional Health Survey-Primary,SEHS-P)2016年版进行中文修订,检验其在我国小学生群体中的信、效度及其跨年级、性别的测量等值性。方法:应用中文版SEHS-P对湖南、四川和浙江三省12所小学1-6年级4869名学生施测,以特拉华欺负受害量表-学生卷、特拉华校园氛围量表-学生卷、长处和困难问卷以及学生自评学业成绩为效标,三周后随机抽取其中361名被试进行重测。结果:SEHS-P中文版维度结构与原量表一致,4个核心积极品质可以有效的聚合到二阶因子综合活力(Covitality)上,4个维度包括:感恩、乐观、热情、坚毅,验证性因素分析结果支持社会与情绪健康综合活力(Covitality)二阶模型。SEHS-P总分与小学生欺负受害、学生感知的校园氛围、困难总分以及学生自评学业成绩的相关系数分别为:-0.338、0.509、-0.128、0.344;总量表的内部一致性系数为0.944;三周后的重测信度为0.831;测量等值性检验结果显示SEHS-P具有跨性别和跨年级的完全等值性。结论:修订后的中文版SEHS-P具有良好的信效度以及跨性别和年级的完全等值性,可用于我国小学生相关研究。

关键词：社会与情绪健康综合活力小学生社会与情绪健康量表

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Knowing your enemies： Integrating molecular and ecological methods to assess the impact of arthropod predators on crop pests

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 6-19页

作者： michael j. furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland 4072 Austrafia

The importance of natural enemies as the foundation of integrated pest management （IPM） is widely accepted, but few studies conduct the manipulative field experiments necessary to directly quantify their impact on pest populations in this context. This is particularly true for predators. Studying arthropod predator-prey interactions is inherently difficult： prey items are often completely consumed, individual predator-prey interactions are ephemeral （rendering their detection difficult） and the typically fluid or soft-bodied meals cannot be easily identified visually within predator guts. Serological techniques have long been used in arthropod predator gut-contents analysis, and current enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA） are highly specific and sensitive. Recently, poly- merase chain reaction （PCR） methods for gut-contents analysis have developed rapidly and they now dominate the diagnostic methods used for gut-contents analysis in field-based research. This work has identified trophic linkages within food webs, determined predator diet breadth and preference, demonstrated the importance of cannibalism and intraguild predation within and between certain taxa, and confirmed the benefits （predator persis- tence） and potential disadvantages （reduced feeding on pest species） of the availability of alternative nonpest prey. Despite considerable efforts to calibrate gut-contents assays, these methods remain qualitative. Available techniques for predator gut-contents analysis can provide rapid, accurate, cost-effective identification of predation events. As such, they perfectly compliment the ecological methods developed to directly assess predator im- pacts on prey populations but which are imperfect at identifying the key predators. These diagnostic methods for gut-contents analysis are underexploited in agricultural research and they are almost never applied in unison with the critical field experiments to measure predator impact. This paper stresses the need fo

关键词： conservation biological control enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) gut-contents analysis immunomarking integrated pest management (IPM) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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Effects of single and dual species herbivory on the behavioral responses of three thrips species to cotton seedlings

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 684-698页

作者： Rehan Silva Gimme H. Walter Lewis j. Wilson michael j. furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia Cotton Research Unit CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Locked Bag 59 Narrabri NSW 2390 Australia

This study investigated the olfactory responses of 3 thrips species [Frankliniella schultzei Trybom, E occidentalis Pergrande and Thrips tabaci Lindeman （Thysanoptera： Thripidae）] to cotton seedlings [Gossypium hirsutum L. （Malvales： Malvaceae）] simulta- neously damaged by different combinations of herbivores. Cotton seedlings were damaged by foliar feeding Tetranychus urticae Koch （Trombidiforms： Tetranychidae）, Helicoverpa armigera Hibner （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）, Aphis＇ gossypii Glover （Hemiptera： Aphidi- dae） or root feeding Tenebrio molitor L. （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae）. Thrips responses to plants simultaneously damaged by 2 species of herbivore were additive and equivalent to the sum of the responses of thrips to plants damaged by single herbivore species feeding alone. For example, E occidentalis was attracted to T. urticae damaged plants but more attracted to undamaged plants than to plants damaged by H. armigera. Plants simultane- ously damaged by low densities of T. urticae and H. armigera repelled E occidentalis but as T. urticae density increased relative to H. armigera density, E occidentalis attraction to coinfested plants increased proportionally. Thrips tabaci did not discriminate between un- damaged plants and plants damaged by H. armigera but were attracted to plants damaged by T. urticae alone or simultaneously damaged by T. urticae and H. armigera. Olfactometer assays showed that simultaneous feeding by 2 herbivores on a plant can affect predator- prey interactions. Attraction of F. occidentalis to plants damaged by its T. urticae prey was reduced when the plant was simultaneously damaged by H. armigera, T. molitor, or A. gossypii and F. schultzei was more attracted to plants simultaneously damaged by T. urticae and H. armigera than to plants damaged by T. urticae alone. We conclude that plant responses to feeding by I species of herbivore are affected by responses to feeding by other herbivores. These plant-mediated interactions between herbivo

关键词： attraction dual-herbivory Frankliniella occidentalis Frankliniella schultzei induced responses predictability simultaneous damage Thrips tabaci

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Ultra-high speed holographic shape and displacement measurements in the hearing sciences

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第2期3卷 1-14页

作者： Haimi Tang Pavel Psota john j.Rosowski Cosme furlong jeffrey Tao Cheng Center for Holographic Studies and Laser micro-mechaTronics Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA USA01609 Mechanical Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA USA01609 Faculty of Mechatronics Informatics and Interdisciplinary StudiesTechnical University of LiberecLiberecCzech Republic46117 Eaton-Peabody Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and EarBostonMA USA02114 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA02115

The auditory system of mammals enables the perception of sound from our surrounding *** some of the smallest bones in the body,the ear transduces complex acoustic signals with high-temporal sensitivity to complex mechanical vibrations with magnitudes as small as tens of *** of the shape and acoustically induced motions of different components of the ear are essential if we are to expand our understanding of hearing mechanisms,and also provide quantitative information for the development of numerical ear models that can be used to improve hearing protection,clinical diagnosis,and repair of damaged or diseased *** are developing digital holographic methods and instrumentation using an ultra-high speed camera to measure shape and acoustically-induced motions in the middle *** we study the eardrum,the first structure of the middle ear which initializes the acoustic-mechanical transduction of sound for *** measurement system is capable of performing holographic measurement at rates up to 2.1 M frames per *** shape measurement modalities had previously been implemented into our holographic systems:(1)a multi-wavelength method with a wavelength tunable laser;and(2)a multi-angle illumination method with a single wavelength *** this paper,we present a third method using a miniaturized fringe projection system with a microelectromechanical system(MEMS)***,we optimize the processing of large data sets of holographic displacement measurements using a vectorized Pearson's correlation *** validate and compare the shape and displacement measurements of our methodologies using a National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)traceable gauge and sound-activated latex membranes and human eardrums.

关键词： Ultra-high speed digital holography Microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) Miniaturized Fringe Projection Middle-ear mechanics Shape and displacement measurements.

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Effect of the postfeeding interval on olfactory responses of thrips to herbivore-induced cotton plants

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 881-892页

作者： Rehan Silva Gimme H. Walter Lewis j. Wilson michael j. furlong School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Cotton Research Unit CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Narrabri NSW 2390 Austrafia

We investigated the responses of 3 thrips species, Frankliniella schultzei Tryborn, E occidentalis Pergrande, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman （Thysanoptera： Thripidae） to herbivore-damaged and undamaged cotton seedlings （Gossypium hirsutum L. [Malvales： Malvaceae]） at a range of time intervals following damage by adult Tetranychus urticae （Koch）, adult T. ludeni （Zacher）（Acari： Tetranychidae） or Helicoverpa armigera （Hubner）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） larvae in olfactometer assays. The intensity/frequency of the response of thrips to herbivore-induced plants decreased with time and ultimately disappeared in all cases; however, the rate at which the response declined was related to the herbivore species that inflicted the damage. All 3 species of thrips were attracted to plants damaged by T. urticae for longer than they were to plants damaged by T. ludeni. The duration for which damaged plants remained attractive was also affected by the degree of damage inflicted on cotton seedlings. For example, E schultzei was attracted to plants damaged by a higher density of two-spotted spider mites （100/plant） for much longer than to plants damaged by a lower density of these mites （50/plant）. The results reinforce previous studies that demonstrate that arrangement of variables influences the responses of thrips to their herbivore-induced cotton host plants. Results also show that these responses are variable in time following herbivore damage to cotton plants, which further demonstrates how difficult it is to generalize about the functional significance of these interactions.

关键词： attraction cotton duration induced responses olfactometer Thysanoptera

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An improved culturing method for opiine fruit fly parasitoids and its application to parasitoid monitoring in the field

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 99-108页

作者： Ayad Masry michael j. furlong Anthony R. Clarke john Paul Cunningham School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre Bruce ACT Australia Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources AgriBio Centre La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia

Good culturing methods play an important role in the study of insect behavior and its application to pest management. Here, we describe and validate a new method for rearing the parasitoid wasp, Diachasmirnorpha kraussii, which attacks some of the world＇s worst fruit fly pests and is an internationally used biological control agent. Our method differs from standard culturing approaches by presenting adult wasps with host- infested artificial media within a ＂culturing bag,＂ which mimics a natural （fruit） oviposition substrate. In laboratory trials using wild collected D. kraussii, the culturing bag method was compared to the use of host-infested nectarines, and a commonly used laboratory method of presenting host-infested artificial media within Petri dishes. The culturing bag method proved to be a significant improvement on both methods, combining the advantages of high host survival in artificial media with parasitism levels that were the equivalent to those recorded using host-infested fruits. In our field study, culturing bags infested with the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, and hung in a mixed peach and nectarine orchard proved to be effective ＂artificial fruits＂ attracting wild D. kraussii for oviposition. Significantly more adult wasps were reared from the culturing bags compared to field collected fruits. This was shown to be due to higher fruit fly larval density in the bags, as similar percentage parasitism rates were found between the culturing bags and ripe fruits. We discuss how this cheap, time-efficient method could be applied to collecting and monitoring wild D. kraussii populations in orchards, and assist in maintaining genetic variability in parasitoid laboratory cultures.

关键词： Bactrocera biological control fruit fly mass rearing natural enemies Tephritidae wasp

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