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Adult bobcat(Lynx rufus)habitat selection in a longleaf pine savanna

Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 206-217页

作者： Andrew R.Little L.Mike Conner michael j.chamberlain Nathan P.Nibbelink Robert j.Warren Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia180 E.Green StAthensGA 30602USA joseph W.jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway NewtonGeorgia 39870USA

Background:Pine savannas are primarily managed with frequent prescribed fire(≤3 years)to promote diversity of flora and fauna,and to maintain open,park-like conditions needed by species such as the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker(Picoides borealis).However,a knowledge gap exists in our understanding of bobcat(Lynx rufus)habitat selection in longleaf pine savannas and research is warranted to direct our future management ***:We examined bobcat habitat selection in a pine savanna managed with frequent fires at two spatial scales(i.e.,study area boundary[hereafter,landscape scale])and annual area of use[95%kernel density;local scale],and assessed effects of prescribed fire on bobcat habitat ***,we monitored 45 bobcats(16 males and 29 females)during 2001–***:We found differential habitat selection by *** the landscape scale,female bobcats were closer to mixed pine-hardwoods,young pine,and secondary roads,but farther from mature pine and hardwoods stands relative to *** found no difference in selection of agriculture,shrub-scrub,and primary roads between *** the annual area of use scale,female bobcats were closer to secondary roads,but farther from agriculture and shrub-scrub relative to *** found no difference in selection of mature pine,mixed pine-hardwoods,hardwoods,young pine,and primary roads between *** primarily selected for stands burned≤1.1 years ***:Our results show that bobcats exploit a broad range of habitat types in pine landscapes managed with frequent fire and commonly use recently burned stands(≤1.1 year post-fire),suggesting prey in many areas of this system are at risk of bobcat ***,we suggest land managers consider scale of selection by bobcats when developing habitat management strategies.

关键词： Georgia Habitat selection Lynx rufus Pinus palustris Prescribed fire

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Eastern wild turkey nest site selection in two frequently burned pine savannas

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 38-47页

作者： Andrew R.Little Nathan P.Nibbelink michael j.chamberlain LMike Conner Robert j.Warren Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia180 E.Green St.AthensGA 30602USA joseph W.jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway NewtonGeorgia 39870USA

Introduction:Reproductive success is a critical factor affecting avian demographics and can be influenced by many factors including nesting chronology,predation risk,and fine-scale nest site ***:We modeled the relative influences of habitat-related covariates at six spatial scales(nest site:15-,40-,80-,120-,160-,and 200-m radii)on Eastern wild turkey(Meleagris gallopavo silvestris)nest site selection in two pine savannas managed by frequent prescribed fire(≤3 years)in southwestern Georgia during ***:Nest site(15-m scale)habitat metrics(mean visual obstruction[cm]and canopy closure[%])had the greatest influence on nest site selection relative to covariates measured at larger spatial *** odds ratios suggested that nests were 26.8% more likely to occur for every 10 cm increase in mean vegetation height with a range of 7.5 to 150.0 cm and 18.5% less likely to occur for every 10% increase in canopy closure with a range from 0.0 to 97.8%.Total ground cover,canopy closure,edge density,and percent land cover type(e.g.,mature pine,mixed pine/hardwood,shrub/scrub)had minimal influence on nest site ***:Management of pine savannas for turkey nest sites should focus on creating early-successional vegetation to conceal nests from potential ***,we suggest that future studies consider evaluating the influence of spatial scale on turkey nest site selection.

关键词： Georgia Land cover Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Multi-scale Nest site selection Pinus palustris Radio-telemetry

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Improving antibiotic prescribing in the emergency department for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期11卷 199-205页

作者： Rebekah Shaw Erica Popovsky Alyssa Abo Marni jacobs Nicole Herrera james chamberlain AndreaHahn Division of Pediatrics Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Emergency Medicine Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Department of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Infectious Diseases Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA

BACKGROUND:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Society(PIDS)and Infectious Disease Society of America(IDSA)published an evidence-based guideline for the treatment of uncomplicated communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)in children,recommending aminopenicillins as the first-line *** guideline compliance with 10%–50%of patients admitted to the hospital receiving narrow-spectrum antibiotics has been reported.A new clinical practice guideline(CPG)was implemented in our emergency department(ED)for uncomplicated *** aim of this study was to examine baseline knowledge and ED provider prescribing patterns pre-and post-CPG ***:Prior to CPG-implementation,an anonymous case-based survey was distributed to evaluate knowledge of the current PIDS/IDSA guideline.A retrospective chart review of patients treated in the ED for CAP from january 2015 to February 2017 was performed to assess prescribing patterns for intravenous(IV)antibiotics in the ED at Children’s National Health System pre-and post-CPG ***:ED providers were aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline recommendations,with 86.4%of survey responders selecting ampicillin as the initial antibiotic of ***,only 41.2%of patients admitted to the hospital with uncomplicated CAP pre-CPG received ampicillin(P<0.01).There was no statistically signifi cant increase in ampicillin prescribing post-CPG(P=0.40).CONCLUSIONS:Providers in the ED are aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline regarding the first-line therapy for uncomplicated CAP;however,this knowledge does not translate into clinical *** of a CPG in isolation did not significantly change prescribing patterns for uncomplicated CAP.

关键词： Antibiotics Community-acquired pneumonia Emergency department Pediatrics

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Thermal segregation of asphalt material in road repair

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journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第4期4卷 360-371页

作者： juliana Byzyka Mujib Rahman Denis Albert chamberlain Institute of Energy Features Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering Brunel University LondonMiddlesex UB8 3PH United Kingdom

This paper presents results from a field study of asphaltic pavement patching operations performed by three different contractors working in a total of ten sites. It forms part of an ongoing research programme towards improving the performance of pothole repairs. Thermal imaging technology was used to record temperatures of the patching material throughout the entire exercise, from the stage of material collection, through transportation to repair site, patch forming, and compaction. Practical complications occurring during patch repairs were also identified. It was found that depending on the weather conditions, duration of the travel and poor insulation of the transported hot asphalt mix, its temperature can drop as high as 116.6 ℃ over the period that the reinstatement team travel to the site and prepare the patch. This impacting is on the durability and perfor- mance of the executed repairs. Cold spots on the asphalt mat and temperature differentials between the new hot-fill asphalt mix and existing pavement were also identified as poorly compacted areas that were prone to premature failure. For example, over the five-minute period, the temperature at one point reduced by 33% whereas the temperatures of nearby areas decreased by 65% and 71%. A return visit to the repair sites, three months later, revealed that locations where thermal segregation was noted, during the patching opera- tion, had failed prematurely.

关键词： Hot mix asphalt PotholePatch repair Thermal segregation Thermography method

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BEPS以后的转让定价:一种全新的模式?

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税务研究 2015年第10期 99-102页

作者： David chamberlain 张宇安永(中国)企业咨询有限公司

经济合作与发展组织(OECD)有关"税基侵蚀和利润转移"的行动计划中,对转让定价中关联方之间业务往来的利润分割有可能进行重大改变。在历史模式下,关联方之间可以根据合同来分配风险。承担较小风险的企业,其利润的分割份额相对较小但十... 详细信息

经济合作与发展组织(OECD)有关"税基侵蚀和利润转移"的行动计划中,对转让定价中关联方之间业务往来的利润分割有可能进行重大改变。在历史模式下,关联方之间可以根据合同来分配风险。承担较小风险的企业,其利润的分割份额相对较小但十分稳定;承担较大风险的企业在正常情况下可以获得超额利润,但也要在经营状况不好的时候承担经济损失。最近发表的BEPS的讨论草稿中提出了新的模式。在新的模式下,以合同的方式确定分担的风险将变得困难,必须详细分析各关联企业从事的生产经营活动,才能决定利润在关联方之间的分割。

关键词：转让定价税基侵蚀+利润转移风险承担利润分割

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The Utility of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker to Limit the Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Adult Sepsis Patients

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Surgical Science 2014年第8期5卷 342-353页

作者： Ronald S. chamberlain Brian j. Shayota Carl Nyberg Prasanna Sridharan Department of Surgery Saint Barnabas Medical Center Livingston USA

Introduction: With rising global antibiotic resistance, stewardship programs aimed at controlling multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens have begun to gain acceptance. These programs stress appropriate antibiotic selection, dosage and duration. A growing literature suggests serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels may be useful in guiding antibiotic duration and de-escalation. This report sought to evaluate the evidence-based data available from prospective randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the role of PCT in guiding reductions in antibiotic duration in adult sepsis patients. Methods: A comprehensive search of all published prospective RCT(s) on the use of PCT as a tool for guiding antibiotic therapy in adult sepsis patients was conducted using PubMed, Medline Plus and Google Scholar (2007-2013). Keywords searched included, “procalcitonin”, “sepsis-therapy”, “sepsis biomarker”, “antibiotic duration”, “drug de-escalation”, and “antimicrobial stewardship”. Results:?Four RCT(s) involving 826 adult sepsis patients have evaluated the role of serum PCT levels to guide criteria for cessation of antibiotic therapy based either on specific PCT levels or PCT kinetics. Bouadma?et al.?(N = 621) stopped antibiotics when the PCT concentration was 1 ng/mL. The PCT arm showed a 2-day reduction in antibiotics. Finally, Nobre?et al.?(N = 68) stopped antibiotics when PCT levels decreased by 90% or more from the initial value, but not prior to Day 3 (if baseline PCT measured <1 μg/

关键词： Procalcitonin Sepsis Therapy Sepsis Biomarker Antibiotic Duration Antibiotic De-Escalation Antimicrobial Stewardship

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液相色谱-正离子模式电喷雾质谱分析源水和饮用水中的22种碱性和中性农药及其代谢物

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环境化学 2008年第3期27卷 398-402页

作者： Pam chamberlain Toni Hall Wessex Water plc 英国Bath

本文开发了一种定量分析源水和饮用2种农药及其代谢物的方法.本法采用固相萃取法处理水样,液相色谱和电喷雾质谱进行检测.回收率、灵敏度、准确性及精密度均达到了英国法规的要求.

关键词：电喷雾质谱液相色谱代谢物饮用水质谱分析农药源水子模式

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浅谈转让定价中独立交易区间的重要性

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国际税收 2013年第8期 50-53页

作者： David chamberlain 王安妮毕马威企业咨询(中国)有限公司北京100738

在转让定价领域,独立交易区间为大多数国家所接受。独立交易区间的基点是,只要关联方之间的交易价格在同类型企业的独立交易价格区间内,税务机关即予以认可。中国承认独立交易原则的好处,也一直在努力使转让定价政策同国际接轨。然而,... 详细信息

在转让定价领域,独立交易区间为大多数国家所接受。独立交易区间的基点是,只要关联方之间的交易价格在同类型企业的独立交易价格区间内,税务机关即予以认可。中国承认独立交易原则的好处,也一直在努力使转让定价政策同国际接轨。然而,在独立交易区间问题上,中国现行规定有些含糊不清。本文结合相关规定和实际做法,基于独立交易区间的特点和重要性,对中国应如何根据本国情况遵从独立交易原则提出了一些建设性的建议。

关键词：转让定价独立交易区间关联方交易

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Global spatio-temporally harmonised datasets for producing high-resolution gridded population distribution datasets

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Big Earth Data 2019年第2期3卷 108-139页

作者： Christopher T.Lloyd Heather chamberlain David Kerr Greg Yetman Linda Pistolesi Forrest R.Stevens Andrea E.Gaughan jeremiah j.Nieves Graeme Hornby Kytt MacManus Parmanand Sinha Maksym Bondarenko Alessandro Sorichetta Andrew j.Tatem WorldPop School of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Flowminder Foundation StockholmSweden Center for International Earth Science Information Network(CIESIN) Columbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA Department of Geography and Geosciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA GeoData University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Multi-temporal,globally consistent,high-resolution human population datasets provide consistent and comparable population distributions in support of mapping sub-national heterogeneities in health,wealth,and resource access,and monitoring change in these over *** production of more reliable and spatially detailed population datasets is increasingly necessary due to the importance of improving metrics at sub-national and multitemporal *** is in support of measurement and monitoring of UN Sustainable Development Goals and related *** response to these agendas,a method has been developed to assemble and harmonise a unique,open access,archive of geospatial *** are provided as global,annual time series,where pertinent at the timescale of population analyses and where data is available,for use in the construction of population distribution *** archive includes sub-national census-based population estimates,matched to a geospatial layer denoting administrative unit boundaries,and a number of co-registered gridded geospatial factors that correlate strongly with population presence and ***,we describe these harmonised datasets and their limitations,along with the production ***,we demonstrate applications of the archive by producing multi-temporal gridded population outputs for Africa and using these to derive health and development *** geospatial archive is available at https://***/10.5258/SOTON/WP00650.

关键词： Human population subnational global spatial dataset multi-temporal

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何种定群筛检是有益的

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中国社会医学杂志 1986年第2期 106-109页

作者： chamberlain j ,李绍忱

筛检是将表面似乎正常的人检查出来,以便能早期诊断、早期治疗、改善预后,并可以做到一级预防,使其他人不受影响的社会价值。定群筛检(prescriptive screening)只是对接受者有益的筛检(此外尚有整群筛检和多项筛检——译者注),能否成为... 详细信息

筛检是将表面似乎正常的人检查出来,以便能早期诊断、早期治疗、改善预后,并可以做到一级预防,使其他人不受影响的社会价值。定群筛检(prescriptive screening)只是对接受者有益的筛检(此外尚有整群筛检和多项筛检——译者注),能否成为必须完成的健康政策,仅仅知道筛检有好处是不

关键词：筛检死亡率敏感度发病率特异度假阳性临床实验筛检试验羊膜腔穿刺术

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